第03輯開學(xué)考試 2025屆新高三開學(xué)摸底考試卷01（北京卷）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

絕密★啟用前2025屆新高三開學(xué)摸底考試卷01（北京卷）解析版（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AsaveryimportantpartofMexico’secosystem,hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.That’swhere73-year-oldCatherinecomesin,who1mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.Catherine’sstoryasaself-taughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetonedaywhenshenoticeda(n)2hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.3,itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend4hertolookafterit.“Thathummingbirdwrotemeanewlife,”Catherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult5inherlife.Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad6herlife.Anditwasonlythebeginning.Wordofhersuccess7amongCatherine’sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir8tobettertakecareofthem,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileherhomehasbecomeknownasahummingbird9.Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After10thebirdsbacktohealth,shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.1.A.gains B.spends C.misses D.wastes2.A.ugly B.scary C.dangerous D.desperate3.A.Surprisingly B.Fortunately C.Accidentally D.Secretly4.A.allowed B.commanded C.encouraged D.reminded5.A.task B.decision C.moment D.goal6.A.takenover B.reliedon C.turneddown D.gonethrough7.A.existed B.spread C.occurred D.changed8.A.values B.legends C.numbers D.habits9.A.shop B.park C.hospital D.museum10.A.nursing B.guiding C.moving D.feeding【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。73歲的Catherine從2011年開始自學(xué)照顧蜂鳥。一次她救了一只受傷的蜂鳥，這不僅幫助她走出喪夫和抗癌的悲痛，還激發(fā)了她照顧更多蜂鳥的熱情。迄今為止，她已救助了數(shù)百只蜂鳥，并將康復(fù)的蜂鳥放生到墨西哥城南部的森林區(qū)。1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這時(shí)，73歲的Catherine出現(xiàn)了，她把大部分空閑時(shí)間都用來照顧這些小鳥。A.gains獲得；B.spends花費(fèi)；C.misses錯(cuò)過；D.wastes浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)后文“after11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她花費(fèi)自己很多的閑暇時(shí)間照顧蜂鳥，且spendtimedoing是固定搭配。故選B項(xiàng)。2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，她走在街上，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只絕望的蜂鳥眼睛受了重傷。A.ugly丑陋的；B.scary嚇人的；C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)后文“hadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury”可知這里表示蜂鳥因受傷而感到絕望。故選D項(xiàng)。3.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，這只蜂鳥被一位好心的婦女帶回了家，但她對(duì)照顧鳥類一無所知。A.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；B.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文“itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman”可知被熱心的女人帶回家是幸運(yùn)的。故選B項(xiàng)。4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而一個(gè)朋友鼓勵(lì)她來照顧它。A.allowed允許；B.commanded命令；C.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)前文“butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.”以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞however可知，朋友鼓勵(lì)她來照顧蜂鳥。故選C項(xiàng)。5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是她生命中非常艱難的時(shí)刻。A.task任務(wù)；B.decision決定；C.moment時(shí)刻；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)后文“Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.”可知失去丈夫并且和癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)是很艱難的時(shí)刻。故選C項(xiàng)。6.考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：是蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨(dú)的生活中拉了出來。A.takenover接管；B.reliedon依賴；C.turneddown拒絕；D.gonethrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)前文“Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandloneliness”可知蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨(dú)的生活中拉了出來，改變了她的生活，進(jìn)而引申為新生活接管了原來艱難的生活。故選A項(xiàng)。7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的成功在Catherine的朋友中傳開了，不久，一些朋友開始把受傷和被遺棄的蜂鳥帶給她。A.existed存在；B.spread傳播；C.occurred發(fā)生；D.changed改變。根據(jù)后文“someofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds”可知一些朋友知道了她照顧蜂鳥的消息，可推知是這個(gè)消息在朋友中傳開了。故選B項(xiàng)。8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要研究蜂鳥和它們的習(xí)性，以便更好地照顧它們。A.values價(jià)值；B.legends傳說；C.numbers數(shù)量；D.habits習(xí)慣。根據(jù)后文“the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她成為了研究蜂鳥的專家，說明她對(duì)蜂鳥的習(xí)性很了解。故選D項(xiàng)。9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過11年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累，這位73歲的老人被認(rèn)為是蜂鳥專家，而她的家也成了著名的蜂鳥醫(yī)院。A.shop商店；B.park公園；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.museum博物館。根據(jù)后文“Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.”可知她在家里救治蜂鳥，而救治是醫(yī)院的功能。故選C項(xiàng)。10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在將這些蜂鳥護(hù)理得恢復(fù)健康后，她將它們放飛到墨西哥城南邊的一片樹林中。A.nursing護(hù)理；B.guiding引導(dǎo)；C.moving移動(dòng)；D.feeding喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)前文“However,afriendhertolookafterit.”可知她照顧受傷的蜂鳥，護(hù)理至健康后放飛到樹林中。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給出提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Around90%ofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors,andself-drivingcarswithAIaimtosolvetheproblem.11theycandoisnokeepvehiclehardwarehealthybydrivingstrategicallyandsafely.Inthisway,trafficviolationsandfinescanbeavoided,12canhelpsavecosts.Driversalsobenefitfromthe13(integrate)ofAItechnologyduringlongtripsastheycanrestwhilethecar’ssystemtakescareofdriving.【答案】11.What12.which13.integration【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了大約90%的交通事故是由人為失誤造成的，而帶有人工智能的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車旨在解決這一問題，讓司機(jī)可以在汽車系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)駕駛的同時(shí)休息。11.考查主語從句。句意：他們所能做的不是通過戰(zhàn)略駕駛和安全駕駛來保持車輛硬件的健康。該空引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句缺少賓語，指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what，首字母大寫。故填What。12.考查定語從句。句意：這樣，可以避免交通違規(guī)和罰款，這可以幫助節(jié)省成本。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞指代主句的內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。13.考查名詞。句意：在長(zhǎng)途旅行中，司機(jī)也受益于人工智能技術(shù)的整合，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谄囅到y(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)駕駛的同時(shí)休息。作介詞from的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞integration，不可數(shù)。故填integration。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。IncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,14beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,thetrendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheck-insisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbecomingapopulareverydaychoice15(accept)byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacrossvariousaspectsoftheirlives.The16(combine)oftraditionalChineseelementswithmoderndesignisoftenreferredto17xinzhongshi,orthe“newChinesestyle”,whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothinproductsandactivities.【答案】14.where15.accepted16.combination17.as【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了新中式在中國的流行。14.考查定語從句。句意：在風(fēng)景秀麗、文化底蘊(yùn)深厚的蘇州和杭州等城市，穿著漢服拍照和社交媒體打卡的趨勢(shì)正在上升。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為cities，表示地點(diǎn)，且空處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。15.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：新中式風(fēng)格正成為年輕人接受的一種流行的日常選擇，他們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟卦谏畹母鱾€(gè)方面采用這種風(fēng)格。本句的謂語部分是isbecoming，所以空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語apopulareverydaychoice和accept之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填accepted。16.考查名詞。句意：中國傳統(tǒng)元素與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合通常被稱為“新中式”（newChinesestyle），在產(chǎn)品和活動(dòng)中都越來越受歡迎?？涨坝蠺he，所以空處應(yīng)用名詞，在句中作主語。combination意為“結(jié)合”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填combination。17.考查介詞。句意參考上題。referto...as...意為“將……稱為……”，為固定搭配，此處為被動(dòng)表達(dá)。故填as。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoollife.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis18determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea19(high)IQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangetheirsituation.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot20(simple)theresultofahighIQ.【答案】18.what19.higher20.simply【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過討論IQ測(cè)試在學(xué)生生活中的常見現(xiàn)象，引出關(guān)于EQ（情商）的新研究，并指出成功不僅僅取決于智商。18.考查表語從句。句意：即使他們從未看到自己的結(jié)果，他們也覺得自己的智商決定了他們?cè)谏钪袝?huì)做得多好。本空引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中缺少主語，且指物，用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。19.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：當(dāng)他們看到其他學(xué)生比他們做得更好時(shí)，他們通常認(rèn)為那些學(xué)生有更高的智商，而他們對(duì)此無能為力。根據(jù)句中“Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填high的比較級(jí)higher“更高的”，作前置定語，修飾IQ。故填higher。20.考查副詞。句意：然而，對(duì)情商的新研究表明，成功不僅僅是高智商的結(jié)果。本空應(yīng)填simple的副詞形式simply表示“僅僅，只不過”，作狀語。故填simply。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyFund(UNICEF)worksintheworld’stoughestplacestoreachthemostdisadvantagedchildrenandteenagers.Acrossmorethan190countries,wedowhateverittakestohelpchildrensurviveandgrow.StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship(實(shí)習(xí))Programmeandbecomeachampionforeverychild!WhatweofferOurInternshipProgrammeoffersstudentsandrecentgraduatestheopportunitytogaindirectworkexperience.●Time:Internshipscanbefull-timeorpart-time,lastingbetweensixmonthstooneyear.●Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyourinternshipstarts.●Feeswecover:One-wayticketandvisacosts.RequirementsYourprofilecouldbeagoodfitifitmeetsthefollowingrequirements:●Beingacollegestudentnow,orhavinggraduatedfromcollegewithinthepasttwoyears.●BeingfluentinoneofUNICEF’sworkinglanguages:English,FrenchorChinese.●Strongcommunicationskills.●Abilitytoworkcollaborativelyinamulticulturalenvironment.●Outstandingacademicperformance.●Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunderpressure.●Previousvolunteerorworkexperienceinarelatedfieldisanadvantagebutnotrequired.●Noimmediaterelatives(eg.parents,sister,brother)workingwithUNICEF.HowtoapplyYoucanfindopportunitiesonourcareerpage.Onceyoufindapositionofinterest,clickonthebutton“ApplyNow”andproceedonthewebsite.21.WhatcanUNICEFprovideifoneisselected?A.Areturnticket. B.Visadocuments.C.Alanguagecourse. D.Monthlypaidsalary.22.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.haverelatedworkexperience B.ownmulticulturalbackgroundsC.speakEnglishandFrenchfluently D.adjusttonewenvironmentsflexibly23.Inwhichsectionofawebsitemightyoufindthispassage?A.Job-hunting. B.Problem-solving.C.Skill-building. D.Decision-making.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)的一份實(shí)習(xí)工作，包括工作待遇、申請(qǐng)要求和申請(qǐng)方式。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatweoffer中第二點(diǎn)“Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyourinternshipstarts.(薪水：實(shí)習(xí)開始后，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)將按月發(fā)放工資)”可知，如果申請(qǐng)人被選中，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)可以提供月薪。故選D項(xiàng)。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Requirements中第六點(diǎn)“Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunderpressure.(能靈活適應(yīng)新環(huán)境和在壓力下工作)”可知，申請(qǐng)人需要靈活適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。故選D項(xiàng)。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship(實(shí)習(xí))Programmeandbecomeachampionforeverychild!(從聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃開始你的職業(yè)生涯，成為每個(gè)孩子的冠軍)”可知，文章主要是介紹聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)的一份實(shí)習(xí)工作，與職業(yè)發(fā)展相關(guān)。因此，文章應(yīng)該出自網(wǎng)站的求職部分。故選A項(xiàng)。BBythetimeAlexSanburnwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentcommissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhilewalkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex’sownworkwasonthewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.LeoSmith,a17-year-oldartistfromTorontosaysit’sabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe’redue,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.”24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition. B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub. D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itisopenonweekdays.C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents. D.Itholdscompetitionsregularly.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Loyalanddetermined.C.Modestandsympathetic. D.Honestandhard-working.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide. B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.Failurescandrivepositivechange. D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是13歲的小藝術(shù)家Alex申請(qǐng)參加在一個(gè)評(píng)審展覽時(shí)因年齡小被拒絕，于是他創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家提供展示機(jī)會(huì)的畫廊LittleEGG。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(然而，他更具體地希望開始在一個(gè)評(píng)審展覽中展示他的作品，在那里，藝術(shù)專家將在一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的評(píng)審過程中評(píng)估和選擇作品。就在這時(shí)，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請(qǐng)的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請(qǐng)的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，在他想在一個(gè)評(píng)審展覽中展示他的作品時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請(qǐng)的最低年齡是18歲；由此可知，在13歲時(shí)他遭到了一次評(píng)審展覽的拒絕。故選A項(xiàng)。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個(gè)店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，LittleEGG畫廊是一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開始的商業(yè)工作室，由此可知，LittleEGG畫廊的目標(biāo)是年輕的人才。故選C項(xiàng)。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動(dòng)力。現(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術(shù)界有一個(gè)空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機(jī)會(huì)，那就太酷了。’)”可知，13歲的Alex再被拒絕后，他認(rèn)為能給更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機(jī)會(huì)是件很酷的事情，結(jié)合第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個(gè)店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex是一個(gè)有抱負(fù)和富有創(chuàng)新精神的人。故選A項(xiàng)。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在這時(shí)，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請(qǐng)的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請(qǐng)的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，Alex想在一個(gè)評(píng)審展覽中展示他的作品時(shí)，他遭到了拒絕；根據(jù)第三段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動(dòng)力。現(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術(shù)界有一個(gè)空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機(jī)會(huì)，那就太酷了?！?”可知，這次拒絕成為了他創(chuàng)造的動(dòng)力；根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個(gè)店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個(gè)專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex在失敗后而成立了專門為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室，所以，從該故事中可以學(xué)到的是失敗可以帶來積極的改變。故選C項(xiàng)。CKimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especiallyasanadult.Shesawspendingdozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillasoutofreach.ThiswasundoubtedlynowKimfeltaboutherdecades’longambitiontolearnSpanish.Thatallchanged,however,whenapopularlanguage-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:completeonelesson—justsixorsevenminuteslong—everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual(雙語的).Thisaddsuptoabout40hoursofstudyeachyear,butitispresentedasabite-sizedailygoal.Actually,thiscanbeappliedtoalmostanyambitioustarget.Buthoweffectiveisit?Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesfreecrisisconsultation.AllCTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultationwithinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreakingdownthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincreaseactualworkinghours.Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsforthreemonths.Onegroupwasencouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Twoothergroups,however,weregivenclearsubgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhourseveryweekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoalvolunteered7to8percentmorethantheirpeerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealsofoundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”framingledtomorelastingbenefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclinedeachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,thisdeclinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks”condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoalsflexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.Ifso,afteroneyear,becomingbilingualisatlastwithinreachforKim.28.TheauthormentionsKiminthefirstparagraphmainlyto________.A.makeaprediction B.introduceatopicC.presentanassumption D.evaluateanargument29.WhydidtheauthorandhisteamcooperatewithCLT?A.Tocalculatetheprofitsoftheorganization.B.Toincreasetheactualhoursofvoluntarywork.C.Toevaluatetheeffectivenessofagoal-settingstrategy.D.Toimprovetheworkingskillsofvolunteersinconsultation.30.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Analysisofthestudy. B.Processofthestudy.C.Findingsofthestudy. D.Significanceofthestudy.31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Makingafixedgoalhelpslongerperseverance.B.Settingabiggergoaldrivespeopletoachievemore.C.Stickingtoanambitiousgoalcontributestosuccess.D.Breakingdownabiggergoalleadstobetterresults.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個(gè)流行的語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序通過把學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)分解成小目標(biāo)，來完成最后的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。研究表明，將適度的目標(biāo)變得靈活可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)期的毅力。28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Kimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especiallyasanadult.Shesawspendingdozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillasoutofreach.ThiswasundoubtedlynowKimfeltaboutherdecades’longambitiontolearnSpanish.Thatallchanged,however,whenapopularlanguage-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:completeonelesson—justsixorsevenminuteslong—everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual(雙語的).(Kim發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言的前景令人沮喪，尤其是作為一個(gè)成年人。她認(rèn)為，一年花幾十個(gè)或幾個(gè)小時(shí)上一門新技能的課，而在這門新技能上只有緩慢的進(jìn)步是遙不可及的。這無疑是金現(xiàn)在對(duì)她幾十年來學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語的夙愿的感受。然而，這一切都改變了，當(dāng)一個(gè)流行的語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序提出了一個(gè)更有吸引力的方法：為了最終成為雙語，每天完成一節(jié)課——只要六到七分鐘)”可知，作者在第一段提到Kim主要是為了引入話題。故選B。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesfreecrisisconsultation.AllCTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultationwithinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreakingdownthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincreaseactualworkinghours.(在我們的研究中，我們與CTL合作，這是一個(gè)提供免費(fèi)危機(jī)咨詢的非營利組織。所有CTL志愿者都被要求在一年內(nèi)完成200小時(shí)的危機(jī)咨詢。我們很好奇，打破這個(gè)目標(biāo)是否能讓它更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)，并增加實(shí)際工作時(shí)間)”可知，作者和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)與CLT合作是為了評(píng)估目標(biāo)設(shè)定策略的有效性。故選C。30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsforthreemonths.Onegroupwasencouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Twoothergroups,however,weregivenclearsubgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhourseveryweekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.(我們隨機(jī)分配了9000多名CTL志愿者，在三個(gè)月內(nèi)接收電子郵件。其中一組被鼓勵(lì)在沒有實(shí)際目標(biāo)分解的情況下達(dá)到200小時(shí)的目標(biāo)。然而，另外兩組被賦予了明確的子目標(biāo)：我們鼓勵(lì)一組每周做4小時(shí)的志愿者，另一組每?jī)芍茏?小時(shí)的志愿者。然后我們追蹤了每一組在研究期間做志愿者的時(shí)間)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是研究過程。故選B。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoalvolunteered7to8percentmorethantheirpeerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealsofoundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”framingledtomorelastingbenefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclinedeachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,thisdeclinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks”condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoalsflexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.(兩組被鼓勵(lì)專注于小目標(biāo)的志愿者比那些只被鼓勵(lì)實(shí)現(xiàn)大目標(biāo)的同齡人多出7%到8%。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，更靈活的“每?jī)芍馨诵r(shí)”框架能帶來更持久的好處。盡管在研究期間，所有參與者的志愿活動(dòng)每周都在減少，但在“每?jī)芍?小時(shí)”的情況下，這種下降速度較慢。研究表明，將適度的目標(biāo)變得靈活可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)期的毅力)”可知，作者想告訴我們把更大的目標(biāo)分解會(huì)帶來更好的結(jié)果。故選D。DOurtravelsarenotlimitedtophysicaltime.Wealsoexperiencementaltimetravel.Wevisitthepastthroughourmemoriesandthenjourneyintothefuturebyimaginingwhattomorrowornextyearmightbring.Whenwedoso,wethinkofourselvesaswearenow,rememberwhoweoncewereandenvisionhowwewillbe.Arecentstudyexploreshowoneparticularbrainregionhelpstoknittogethermemoriesofthepresentandfutureselves.Whenpeoplesustainaninjurytothisarea,itleadstoadamagedsenseofidentity.Theregion,calledvmPFC,mayproduceafundamentalmodelofthepersonandplaceitinmentaltime.Whentheregiondoesso,itmaybethesourceofoursenseofself.It’salsofoundthatmemoriesthatreferencetheselfareeasiertorecall.Theybenefitfromwhatresearchershavecalledaself-referenceeffect.Inthestudy,theresearchersusedtheself-referenceeffecttoassessmemoriesofpresentandfutureselvesamongpeoplewhohadbrainlesions(損傷)tothevmPFC.ThescientistsworkedwithpeoplewithvmPFClesions,thencomparedthemwithacontrolgroupmadeupofpeoplewithinjuriestootherpartsofthebrainandhealthyindividuals.Theywereaskedtolistadjectivestodescribethemselvesandacelebrity,bothinthepresentandfuture.Later,theyhadtorecallthesesametraits.Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC.Butwhataboutourpastselves?Previousstudiesaskedpeopletoconsidertheirpastselves,buttherewasnoevidenceoftheself-referenceeffect.Ourpastselvesseemforeigntous,asiftheywereindividualsapartfromus.Oneideathatscientistshaveputforwardtounderstandthisdistinctionisthatperhapswearenotverykindinourjudgmentsofourpastselves.Insteadwemayberathercriticalofourpreviousbehavior,emotionsandpersonaltraits.Wemayuseourpastprimarilytoconstructamorepositiveself-imageinthepresent.Putanotherway,becausewemayrecognizeflaws(瑕疵)inourpastself’sbehavior,wetendtodistanceourselvesfromthepersonweoncewere.Therefore,bringingthepresentandfutureintothespotlightiscentraltounderstandingthewayourbrainandthoughtsshapeourcurrentselves.Andwiththeresearch,wehaveabetterideaaboutthewayasmallregionwithinourbrainisabletobuildandholdthecoreabilitytomaintainouridentity.32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentityB.vmPFC-injuredpeoplerecallcelebritiesbetterthanothersdoC.theself-referenceeffectplaysavitalroleinconsideringpastselfD.peopletendtoacceptpastselfafterrealizingtheirpreviousfaults33.AsforthefindingsoftherecentstudyonvmPFC,theauthoris________.A.critical B.doubtful C.approving D.unconcerned34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TestingOurMemories B.CreatingOurSenseofSelfC.ThePowerofSelf-ReferenceEffect D.TheImportanceofMentalTimeTravel【答案】32.A33.C34.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了大腦中的一個(gè)特定區(qū)域（vmPFC）如何幫助我們將現(xiàn)在的記憶與未來的自我記憶結(jié)合起來，從而維持我們的身份感。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)加深了我們對(duì)大腦如何塑造和維持我們當(dāng)前身份的理解。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)照組的人能回憶起更多與自身相關(guān)的形容詞，而不是與名人相關(guān)的形容詞。然而，vmPFC損傷的參與者幾乎無法回憶起與自身相關(guān)的引用，無論時(shí)間背景如何。他們對(duì)名人的形容詞識(shí)別能力也相對(duì)較弱。)”可知，當(dāng)人們?cè)谶@個(gè)區(qū)域（vmPFC）受傷時(shí)，他們幾乎無法回憶起與自身相關(guān)的引用，無論時(shí)間背景如何會(huì)導(dǎo)致身份感的受損。這與選項(xiàng)A的描述“peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentity(vmPFC損傷的人失去了身份感)”相符。故選A。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)研究幫助我們理解自我相關(guān)的記憶是如何依賴于vmPFC的功能的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)研究幫助我們理解自我相關(guān)記憶如何依賴于vmPFC的功能，這說明作者對(duì)于vmPFC研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持肯定態(tài)度。因此，作者對(duì)于vmPFC研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持贊成態(tài)度。C選項(xiàng)“approving(支持的)”與作者態(tài)度相一致。故選C。34.主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要討論了vmPFC區(qū)域如何幫助我們將現(xiàn)在的記憶與未來的自我記憶結(jié)合起來，以維持我們的身份感。B選項(xiàng)“CreatingOurSenseofSelf(創(chuàng)造我們的自我意識(shí))”最能概括文章的主旨，符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Socrates,Galileo,MarieCurie,Einstein...Whatdidthesegreatthinkershaveincommon?Theyallpracticeddeliberatedoubtanduseditasatooltoimprovetheirthinkingandgeneratecreativeideas.35Itisaboutsuspendingourcertaintyandlettinggoofourpreconceived(先入為主的)notionsinordertoexplorenewideasandperspectives.Whenwe’recertainofsomething,wetendtostoplookingforalternativeexplanationsorpossibilities.36Doubtcan,ofcourse,beunsettling,butitcanalsoresultinagreaterunderstandingofasubjectandinspirefreshthoughtsandinsights.37Butitdoesn’tmeanweshoulduseitallthetime.Whiledeliberatedoubtcanbeavaluabletoolforgeneratingcreativeideasandexploringcomplexproblems,itcanalsobecounterproductiveifitisnotpracticedintherightway.It’simportanttokeepinmindthatdeliberatedoubtisnotconstantdoubt.Ifwe’recontinuouslydoubtingourownideas,we’llbelesslikelytopursuethemandseethemthroughtocompletion.38Wespendsomuchtimedoubtingeverythingandendupnotdoinganything.39Wecanbecomeself-criticalandunsureofourabilities,whichcanundermineourself-esteem.Asaresult,wemaybetooafraidtotrynewthingsortakerisks.Toavoidthesetraps,it’simportanttostrikeabalancebetweendoubtandcertainty,andtousedoubtasatooltostimulatecreativethinkingandexploration,ratherthanasameansofunderminingourselvesorothers.A.Deliberatedoubtcanalsoleadtoalackofconfidence.B.Butwhenwedoubt,we’reforcedtoconsiderotherperspectives.C.Inthiscase,deliberatedoubtcanpreventusfrommakingdecisions.D.Whenpracticedallthetime,deliberatedoubtcanleadtoadifferentbelief.E.Byturningdoubtintoadeliberateprocess,weopenourselvestonewpossibilities.F.Deliberatedoubtisthepracticeofactivelyquestioningourbeliefsandassumptions.G.Deliberatedoubtcanhelpustodevelopamoreopen-mindedapproachtotheworld.【答案】35.F36.B37.G38.C39.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了刻意懷疑的積極作用和消極作用。35.根據(jù)下文“Itisabou