學生語法輔導(老師版)

英語應用能力測試B級英語應用能力測試B級語法輔導輔導老師:Echo班級:姓名:I.動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)（一）一般現(xiàn)在時被動態(tài)：bedone表示經(jīng)常性的動作和狀態(tài)，常與always,everyday,never,often,usually,sometimes等頻度副詞連用；說話時人和事物的特性或狀態(tài)；客觀真理等。I-------ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven`thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play表示計劃或安排中的動作。ThetrainleavesforGuangzhouat2:30p.m.3.在時間和條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，一般過去式代替過去將來時。如：1)Whenhecomes/came,Iwill/wouldgivehimthebook.2)Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.3)---Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?---Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_______thetrainingcourse.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish（二）一般過去時was/were/did被動態(tài)：was/weredone1．表示過去所發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)、過去的習慣。有明顯的過去時間的提示。---Youhaven`tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?---I`msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit`sprettyonyou.wasn`tsayingB.don`tsayC.won`tsayD.didn`tsay2．It’s(high)time…句型中，如It’stimeyouhadaholiday3．用于Iwish…I’drather…ifonly…suppose等結(jié)構(gòu)that分句中,這為虛擬語氣，主要表示主觀設想，與現(xiàn)在的事實相反。IwishyoulivedclosertousIfonlyhedidn’tdrivesofastI’dratheryouwentnowSupposetheydidn’tbelieveit,howshouldweconvincethem?(三)1)現(xiàn)在進行時isdoing被動態(tài):isbeingdone表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的情況。Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange2)過去進行時wasdoing/wasbeingdone，表示過去的某一時間點正在做什么ThereportersaidthattheUFO________fromeasttowestwhenhesawit.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel注：少量動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時分別表示一般將來時和過去將來時,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,returnIamleavingforbeijingtomorrowHewasleavingforbeijingthenextday（四）現(xiàn)在完成時havedone被動態(tài):havebeendone1.表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會繼續(xù)下去）的動作，發(fā)生在過去但對現(xiàn)在有影響,常用于延續(xù)性動詞，多和一段時間狀語如since,sofar,forayear,inrecentyears等連用.現(xiàn)在完成進行時havebeendoing與現(xiàn)在完成時很多時候可以互換,但是完成進行體必須加forsince,完成進行體沒有否定式Who’sbeeneatingmydinner?還有些Who’seatenmydinner?全吃光了2.“This/Itisthefirst/secondtimethat…..”句型中，從句的謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。Thisisthethirdtimetheyhaven’tcomeforthebook.3.表示短暫動作的動詞comeforgetjoin,die,stop不能與for,since這樣的時間狀語搭配使用,必須轉(zhuǎn)換為一種可以持續(xù)的表狀態(tài)的動詞Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears改為HehasservedinthearmyforthreeyearsHisfatherhasdiedforfiveyears改為Hisfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears(五)過去完成時haddone被動態(tài):hadbeendone1.表示過去某一時間以前已完成的動作，常于by,before等引導的時間狀語連用。HehadbeeninthiscollegeforfiveyearsbeforeIcametostudy.Bytheendoflastmonthwehadlearned2,000Englishwords.2.在nosooner…than;hardly(scarely)…when等句型中，主句常用過去完成時，從句則用一般過去時,意為一….就…。NosoonerhadIenteredtheclassroomwhenthebellrung.3.think,hope,intend,mean,expect,want,plan等動詞的過去完成時表示過去的愿望，打算，計劃等沒有實現(xiàn)。Ihadhopedtovisithim,butIwastoobusy.這類動詞和不定式連用時可以改為“過去式+不定式的完成式”。Ihopedtohavevisitedhim,butIwastoobusy.4.常與by/when+過去時間連用Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbyteno’clockyesterdayIhadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame5.If,ifonly,asif,Iwish,Iwouldrather,等引導的分句,表示與過去事實相反,就用過完成Iwouldratheryouhadtoldherthetruth6.在Itwasthefirsttimethat…ItwasthefirsttimethisyearhehadworkedonaSaturday(六)一般將來時Will/shall+do被動態(tài):willbedone其他形式:1)begoingto+do表示計劃、安排，或“最近將來”要發(fā)生的事情，還可以描述根據(jù)某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生的事情。Wearegoingtohaveapartythisevening.Lookattheclouds.It`sgoingtorain.2)be+todo表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作；表示命令、禁止或可能性等。(betobedone)Wearetofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.(七)過去將來時woulddo被動態(tài):wouldbedone表示相對于過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。Hewarnedusthatthejourneywouldbeverydangerous.（八）將來進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作ThistimeonSaturdayIshallbeflyingtoParis.(九)將來完成時willhavedone.被動態(tài):WillhavebeendoneThenewbuildingswillhavebeenbuiltonthecampusbytheendofthisyear歷年典型考題與練習1.Chinawillbethelargestmarketforautomobilesin20to25yearsifthecountry’seconomy______togrowatthecurrentrate.(2000-06-A)A.continuesB.hascontinuedC.continuedD.hasbeencontinued2.WheneverIwenthome,I(bring)____somegiftstomyneighbor.(2000-06-A)3.AyoungmanstoodnearbywhileI(read)_______thenewspaper.(2000-06-A)4.Overfortyyears(pass)_______sincethebridgewasbuiltinthedistrict.(2000-06-A)5.TheChinesepeoplearedoingthingsnoone(do)_______sofar.(2000-06-A)6.Thisisoneofthelargestbridgesthat________onthisriver.(1000-06-A)A.iseverbuiltB>hasevenbeenbuiltC.waseverbuiltD.haseverbuilt7.ThiswasthefirsttimeI______Englishwithaforeigner.(2000-12-A)A.spokeB.speakC.havespokenD.hadspoken8.Wehopedthatbytheendofthisyearwe_______thejob.hadfinishedB.finishedC.wouldhavefinishedD.willfinish9.January1st,1997isthehistoricdatewhenBritain(join)________theCommonMarket.10.Theshortsupplydidn`tmeetthedemandthat(increase)_________rapidly.11.Sincetheintroductionofthenewtechnique,theproductioncost________greatly.reducesB.isreducedC.isreducingD.hasbeenreduced12.Ihopethey________thisroadbythetimewecomeback.haverepairedB.willrepairC.aretorepairD.willhaverepaired13.Intwomonths`timehe(finish)_________histrainingandstartwork.14.Icouldhavecalledyouyesterday,butI__________yourtelephonenumber.didn`thaveB.won`thaveC.hadn`thadD.wouldn`thave15.Threenewbuildings_________onthecampusbytheendofthisyear.willbebuiltB.aregoingtobebuiltC.willhavebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt16.Pleasedescribeexactlywhat(happen)_______onthecampuslastnight.17.Thefootballteamhopedthatthey(win)__________anothergloriousvictorysoon.18.ThisisthefirsttimeI(see)__________suchaterriblescene.19.Bythetimeyougettheretomorrow,they_______forBeijing.willhaveleftB.areleavingC.willleaveD.aretoleave20.ThirtypercentofJane`sincome__________onclothingeveryyear.isspentB.isbeingspentC.hadbeenspentD.hasbeenspent21.IwonderedwhyNancy(lie)_________aboutherage.22.MostofthepeoplewhoarevisitingBritain_________aboutthefoodandweatherthere.arealwaystocomplainB.havealwayscomplainedC.alwayscomplainD.willalwayscomplain23.Hewastoldthatthestranger(wait)_________forhimfortwohours.24.Hesaid“I______alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearntC.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt25.Onhiswayhomehesuddenlyrememberedhe(notlock)__________thedooroftheoffice.26.Lindafeelsexhaustedbecauseshe________somanyvisitorstoday.hasbeenhavingB.washavingC.hadbeenhavingD.hadhad27.Moststudents(take)___________sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.28.UptillnowI(spend)_____________agreatdealofmoneyonbooks.29.Inthesefiveyears,thefoundation(collect)__________alargeamountofmoney.30.Hundredsofjobs_________ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose31.Who(sing)_____________inthenextroom?Thevoiceissonice.32.We(say)______________enoughonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.33.WearegoingtoFloridaassoonaswe(finish)___________takingourfinalexams.34.Unlesshe(send)_____________themoneybeforeFridayIshallconsultthelawyer.35.He(cross)_________thestreetwhenhewashitbyacar.36.Alotofpeoplewerestandingaroundwhenthepolice(arrive)___________.37.Webeganthetestyesterday,butwe(make)____________preparationslongbefore.38.Nosoonerhadtheygonetotheplantthanthey(start)_________towork.39.There(be)__________severalsuchoccurrencesinthepastfewweeks.40.He(take)________offhishatandbowedpolitelyashepassed.41.John(go)__________tothedoctor`stodaybecausehefeltill.42.He(promise)_________methathewouldpaythebillnextweek.43.Look,thecat(run)________afterthemouse.44.I(write)_________abookatthemoment.45.Thesepainterssaythatthey(finish)_______thedownstairsroombyWednesday.46.IwillgraduateshortlyandreturntomycountrywhereIwillusetheknowledgeI(gain)_______tobuildmyhomeland.47.Theyfulfilledthetaskassignedbytheirteacherearlierthanthey(expect)_________.48.Itisraininghard,butbythetimetheclassisover,therain(stop)___________.49.Ifyou(miss)________thetrain,youwon`tbeabletogetthereontime.50.Bytheendofthemonth,wesurely(find)_________asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.II.動詞語態(tài)歷年典型考題與練習：1.Whenhearrivedatthehospital,heaskedworriedlywhowas(operate)________on.2.Ifthemedicine(take)___________intime,itwillbequiteeffective.3.Thesepillsshould(keep)__________outofthereachofchildren.4.Thehousewiththefurniture(buy)___________for$50,000lastyear.5.Thecauseoftheaccidentmaynever(discover)___________onspiteoftheeffortofthepolice.6.Thebattlewasover,andthewounded(send)_______tohospitalatonce.7.Anewhospital(build)_____________inourhometownnow.8.Fewofthem(persuade)___________ofthetruthofhisstatement.9.He(charge)_______________withkillingtheboylastmonth.10.Theysuspectedthatthesecret(give)_______________awaybyoneofhisfriends.11.Thegrowthrateofthecountry`sexportsthisyear(predict)___________tobeloworevennegative.12.Owingtothestateofthegroundthematchhas(put)_____________off.13.Manyastudent(ask)___________thesamequestionbytheteacherinyesterday`sclass.14.It(say)____________thattheworkersallregardhimwithsympathy.15.Thepolicemansaidtheseizeddrugs(estimate)____________tohaveamarketvalueof$1.4million.III.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是每次必考的一個項目，A級、B級中都有出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)《基本要求》的規(guī)定，大家必須掌握以下幾點：1．條件從句中的虛擬語氣(1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反：從句If+主語+動詞的過去式（be---were）主句主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldmakefulluseoftime（2）與過去事實相反：從句if+主語+had+過去分詞主句主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifhehadworkedcarefullyenough,hewouldnothavebeeninjured(3)與將來事實相反：從句If+主語+wereto+動詞原形/if+主語+should+動詞原形主句省略+should/would/could/might+動詞原形IfIweretohaveanotherchance,Iwouldloveyoufortenthousandyears注:省略If的虛擬語氣,會引起倒裝IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher=shouldImeether,Iwouldtellher2．錯綜時間條件句主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作并不同時發(fā)生，這時動詞的形式并不完全按照上述來進行，而需要按照各自的時間來調(diào)整，這就叫錯綜時間條件句Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavebeenallrightthenIfyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow3.虛擬語氣在從句中的用法(固定句式中的虛擬語氣)1)、賓語從句：在suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command,propose,desire等動詞后作賓語從句時，表示欲望、建議、命令等時，用虛擬語氣TheyrequestedthatthestudentslearnthesecondlanguageSuggest的用法特殊1）Suggestdoing不能接不定式2）當建議解時，用虛擬；當暗示，表明解，不用虛擬HesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethehouseatonceHisfacesuggestedthathewasangryasifasthoughwish+從句時，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式；如果表示wouldrather與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。ifonly2)，在主語從句中：表示建議，要求，驚奇等，句型1）Itisnatural/suggested/necessary/requested/ordered/proposed/important/surprising/strange/funny+that+should+do2)itisapity/ashame/nowonder/ahonour+that+should+doe.g.itisquitenaturalthatsuchfearsshouldarise3),在目的狀語從句中(1)如lest,forfearthat,incase后接情態(tài)動詞加動原Theygotupearlylesttheyshouldmissthetrain4.含蓄條件句有時一個假設的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫。。。用with,without,but,butfor,lest等介詞短語或分詞短語中，或其它連詞中1)Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp=wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus2)Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou=Iwasbusylastweek,ifIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.歷年典型考題與練習：1.You_______yourworkaheadoftimewithouttheirhelp.A.haven’tcompletedB.wouldn’thavecompletedC.weren’tcompletingD.shouldn’thavecompleted2.Ididn’tseeyourbossatthemeeting.Ifhe(come)________,Iwouldhavetoldhimthenews.3.Itisadvisedthatwe(sign)_______anagreementrightafterthediscussion.4.Isuggestedthathe(refuse)______theofferproposedbythatcompany.5.Hetalkedasifhe(do)______alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.6.Peter____thedriver’stest,buthewasn’tcalmenoughinthelasttenminutes.7.Ifonlyshe(know)______thatherbehaviorwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.8.It’shightimewe______somethingtostoproadaccidents.A.didB.aredoingC.willdoD.do9.XiaolispeaksEnglishinawayasifshe(be)________anAmerican.10.It’snecessarythattheproblem_______insomewayorother.A.issettledB.wassettledC.besettledD.hasbeensettled11.IfIhadn’tdriventhecaryesterday,I(avoid)_______theaccident.12.You________thenewforeignteacherifyouhadbeenhereyesterday.A.musthaveseenB.wouldhaveseenC.shouldseeD.hadseen13.IfI(have)______yourphonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledyouyesterdayevening.14.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper(give)______uphisexperimentatonce.15.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeB.takeC.tookD.havetaken16.Thedirectorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment(refer)_____tothisreport.17.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowish_______there.A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.am18.________lastFriday,wewouldhavegottoParis.A.HadheleftB.WouldheleaveC.IfheistoleaveD.Ifhewasleave19.Itisrequiredthateveryemployee(come)______intheiruniformbefore8:30a.m.20.Thefirmhasbeengiveninstructionsthatthemanager(fly)____________toNewYork.21.Themanagerdemandsthatthenewsecretary(have)________athoroughknowledgeofthepersonnel.22.Itisnecessarythathe(take)______agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.23.Butforyourhelp,I(notbe)_________abletofindtherightsolutiontotheproblemsosoon.24.Ilostthepenyouhadboughtmeformybirthday.IfonlyI(notlose)_____________it.25.Ifithadn`trainedlastnight,theground(notbe)___________sowetnow.26.Ishouldn`thavetakenyourumbrellaifI(know)_______thatitwastheonlyoneyouhad.27.It`sabouttimethatyou(begin)___________tostudyEnglish.28.Heinsistedthathe(resign)____________fromhispost.29.IfonlyI(go)______________therelastnight.30.Ifyouknewmebetter,youwouldnot(say)_____________that.31.Itisessentialthatallthefacts(examine)_______________first.32.Iwouldratheryou(give)________meanewoneinsteadofhavingitrepairedasyoudid.33.He(be)________herelastnight,Iwouldhavespokentohim.34.Theymightlivequitecomfortably(be)__________itnotforaquarrelwiththeirneighbor.35.Thedeanagreestothesuggestionthatlanguagelaboratory(re-equip)_____________.36.Taketheumbrella,otherwiseyou(catch)____________bytherain.37.Theforeignstudentsadvisorrecommendedthatwe(study)____________moreEnglishbeforeenteringtheuniversity.38.Theyoungmaninsiststhatwhathehasdone(benefit)_______thepeopleinthenearfuture.39.Ithinkitisadvicablethatasecretary(be)____________appointedatonce.40.Heactsasifhe__________anexpert.A.wasB.hasbeenC.wereD.hadbeen41.Heputhiscoatonforfearthat(orlest)he____________cold.A.catchesB.shouldcatchC.catchD.hascaught42.Withoutyouradvice,I___________inpassingtheexam.A.couldn`thavesucceededB.couldn`tsucceedC.didn`tsucceedD.don`tsucceed43.Hadtheytime,theycertainly____________andhelpus.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.havecomeD.willcome44.Iftheearthstoppedmoving,what___________?A.doyouthinkwouldhappenB.didyouthinkwillhappenC.doyouthinkwouldbehappenD.didyouthinkwouldbehappenedIV.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞指動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞這幾種形式，它們在句中不能獨立作謂語。1,-ing分詞:包括傳統(tǒng)語法中所講的“現(xiàn)在分詞”和“動名詞”一、時態(tài)：否定式notdoing主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingBeingdone完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendoneIenjoylisteningtomusicYouregretnothavingtakenthedoctor’sadvice,doyou?注：有些動名詞用主動形式來代替被動形式wantneed主語（通常是物）+require(需要)+doingdeservewantneed=主語（通常是物）+require(需要)+tobedonedeservee.g.theradiowantsrepairing=theradiowantstoberepaired二、-ing分詞的邏輯主語的表現(xiàn)形式JohnJohn’sIdon’tmindhimbuyinganotheronehis我開開門，你介意嗎？Doyoumindmy(me)openingthedoor?三,有些動詞后接不定式還是現(xiàn)在分詞，取決于動詞本身的含義動名詞————試一試try+不定式———設法去做某事Ifyouwanttoimprovethetaste,tryaddingsomesugarPhiliptriedtoanswereachquestionbyhimself動名詞————意味著（主語一般是物）mean+不定式———企圖，打算去做（主語一般是人）yourplanwouldmeanspendinghoursIdidn’tmeantomakeyouangry動名詞————繼續(xù)做某事Stop/goon+不定式———接著做下一個事動名詞————學習learn+不定式———學會了usedtodo過去常常beusedtodoing現(xiàn)在習慣于beworthdoing=beworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdoneitisnouse/gooddoingsth。。。是沒有用的thereisno+現(xiàn)在分詞：。。。是不可能的四、-ing分詞分句（一個句子中出現(xiàn)兩個動詞，把其中某一個用非謂語形式表示）先要弄清楚現(xiàn)在分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1、現(xiàn)在分詞與定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1）當關系代詞在從句中作主語，從句中含有BE的人稱形式，且不含情態(tài)動詞，刪去BE的人稱形式，即可將定語從句簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingtoourteacher?=doyouknowthemantalkingtoourteacher?2、現(xiàn)在分詞與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當從句主語與主句主語一致時，省去連詞及從句主語，將從句謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞A）當從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或同時進行時，可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式Whenshesawthis,shebecameveryworried=seeingthis,shebecameveryworriedB)如從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞是“先時，完成”關系，則將從句謂語動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Aswehadnotgotenoughhands,wehadgreatdifficultyinfinishingthework=nothavinggotenoughhands,wehadgreatdifficultyinfinishingtheworkC)有時從句連詞可保留，以使主，從句之間的語義聯(lián)系更明確WhileIwasstayinginBeijing,Iknewmanyfriends=whilestayinginNewYork,Iknewmanyfriends注：只有當狀語從句的主語與主句中的主語一致時，才可將狀語從句簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，否則應用分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)3、以上其實說明了現(xiàn)在分詞可用作狀語，賓語補足語，現(xiàn)在分詞也可作主語，作賓語，作介詞補足語作主語beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood作賓語doyoumindmy/memakingasuggestion作介補I’mannoyedaboutJohn/John’sforgettingtopayING分詞在句中作狀語居多，表示多種意義，請說出以下句子中分詞在句中作什么狀語Climbingtothetopifthetower,wesawamagnificentviewBeingahard-workingyoungman,heispraisedbyallhisfellowworkersAlargemeteor(流星)hittingthemoonwouldmeltthesurfacerockbytheforceofcollisionKnowingallthis,theystillinsistedonmypayingforthedamageItrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatareaTheoldmanwasfastasleep,holdingabookinhishand時間狀語；原因狀語；條件狀語；讓步狀語；結(jié)果狀語；伴隨狀語從上面例中可知，在使用ING分詞中，1）分詞動詞與自己的主語是主謂關系；2）在狀語從句中，從句的主語還得與主句中的主語一致如果一個句子里出現(xiàn)兩個動詞，且動詞各有自己的主語，該如何處理五、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（ING分詞類）BecauseitisSunday,youneedn’tgotoschool=itbeingSunday,youneedn’tgotoschoolWhenalltheofficialshadarrived,themeetingwasdeclaredopen=alltheofficialshavingarrived,themeetingwasdeclaredopen注：分詞做獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時前面可以加WITH或WITHOUT，其句法功能不變Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade過去分詞(主要講現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別)現(xiàn)在分詞有進行意味和主動意味，過去分詞有完成意味和被動意味為避免混亂,我們將兩者區(qū)別簡單化,通過例句來理解WefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggsWefoundtheeggseatenbythesnakeDoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetterAlthoughworkingfrommorningtillnighthisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood介紹一些特殊及注意事項1)一般來講，用現(xiàn)在分詞時，要符合以下兩個條件之一：Ａ：分詞所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生TheroadjoiningthetwovillagesisverywideB:分詞所表示的是現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的動作Themanrunningoverthereisourchairman注意：如果分詞需要表示動作是主動的，而又在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，則要用定語從句表示，在謂語動作之后發(fā)生則要用不定式或從句表示ThemanwhocameyesterdaycomesagainThestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow2)何時用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)如果一個及物動詞作定語，既要表達進行意味，又要表達被動意味時，用此形式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant但如果指的是將來的動作就要用不定式的被動形式或從句來表示Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:30pmDec.253)make/get/have/keepsthdone表示讓別人做某事Howoftendoyouhaveyourhaircut?MakeoneselfdoneMakeoneselfunderstood4)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)原理同現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所不同的只是動詞與自己的主語的關系是不是被動完成Alltheworkdone,youcanhavearest不定式一,常用的基本形式語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在式todotobedone完成式TohavedoneTohavebeendone進行式Tobedoing無注:其完成進行式不常用,在這里就不介紹了詳解:1)現(xiàn)在式:I’mgladtoseeyou.Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.2)完成式:表示發(fā)生在主要動詞之前的動作Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting有兩個特殊情況表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的期待或計劃:可用表希望,計劃等動詞的過去時加上完成時不定式的形式來表示hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned+to+havedoneHewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.在should(would)like后面用不定式的完成式表示未能實現(xiàn)的愿望Ishouldliketohavegivenherthegift3)進行式:表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生Theyseemedtobegettingalongwell=itseemedthattheyweregettingalongwell二.不定式的否定式及其與連接代詞或連接副詞搭配1,不定式的否定式是:nottodo/nevertodoMyfathertoldmenottoskateonthelakeMyfathertoldmenevertoseeheragain2.數(shù)種連接代詞/副詞+不定式的形式Howtodo/whattodo/whentodo/wheretodo/whichtodoMr.litaughtushowtoworkoutthedifficultproblem.三.什么情況下,不定式不帶to1.使役動詞let,have,make和感觀動詞see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等+賓語之后Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast注:當上述動詞為被動態(tài)時,要轉(zhuǎn)為帶to的不定式Hewasseentoenterthebuilding2.當兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列在一起時,尤其是用and/or連接時,第二個不定式可以不帶to;但是如果用逗號來代替了and,or時,一般就要保留toIpromisedtofinishmyhomeworkandhanditinontimeIpromisedtofinishmyhomework,tohanditinontime.3.有介詞but,except,besides當這些詞前有實義動詞do時,不定式在介詞之后可以省去toTheenemycandonothingbutsurrenderTheenemyhadnothingtochoosebuttosurrender4.wouldrather/hadbetter/cannotbut/cannothelpbut(不得不)/why…?/whynot…?后不帶toWhyarguewithhim?Youcan’thelpbutrespecthim四,與現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞的區(qū)別1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。

2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。3)不定式表示動詞將來發(fā)生,動詞與主語是主動關系DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?

你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？

Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?

你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎(注:其他區(qū)別太復雜,在以后的練習題當中再補充)歷年典型考題與練習：1.________thereport,IhandedittoJohn,butshesaidthatGeorgewasthepersontosenditto.A.HavingfinishedB.BeingfinishingC.FinishingD.Tohavefinished2._________fromlifepressure,manypeoplehavetogoallouttoworkuntiltheyaretiredout.A.SufferingB.TosufferC.BeingsufferedD.Havingsuffered3.”Susan.Whatwouldyousayifwegotoseethefilmtonight?”“Thankyou,Tony.ButIdon’tthinkitisworth______twice.”A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen4.Themostimportantthinginlifeisagreatgoalplusthedetermination(reach)____thegoal.5.Thecoupleseatedintherestaurantseemed(have)______awonderfultime.6.I’mafraidyouhavebeenspeakingtoofasttomakeyourself(understand)________.7.Themachinedoesnotseemtoworkproperly,Ithinkitneeds(repair)_________.8._________withhisreport,thebosstoldJohntowriteitalloveragain.A.NotbeingsatisfiedB.NottosatisfiedC.NothavingsatisfiedD.Notsatisfying9._______morwtime,thescientistswillbeabletoworkoutagoodsolutiontotheproblem.A.TogiveB.GivingC.GivenD.Begiven10.Doyouagreethatitisimportanttomakeyourself(understand)________11._____hecanquicklyfindoutwhat’swrongwiththemachine.A.HavingbeenwelltrainedB.HavingwelltrainedC.TobewelltrainedD.Tohavebeenwelltrained12.Isawtheman(knock)_______downbyacarinthestreet.13.Theystopped(search)_______forthemissingplaneastheweatherwasveryrough.14.(frighten)________bytheexplosion,weallrushedoutofthehall.15.Igottothestation,onlyto(find)______thatthetrainwaspullingout.16.Themedicalteamdidmorethan(complain)___________aboutthepoorworkingconditionsandstartedworkingimmediately.17.thecostofmealsinbigcitiesvariesgreatly,(depend)_________onchoices.18.It`snouse________toherabouttheimportanceofthedocument.A.totalkB.talkC.talkingD.talked19.HisEnglishwassopoorthathefounditdifficulttomakehimself__________.A.beunderstoodB.understandC.understoodD.tounderstand20.Idon`tmind_____allthatwayinsuchbadweather.A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone21.Noneofuswillhaveanytrouble(solve)_________suchaproblem.22.Sincethereissolittletime(leave)________,nobodycanfulfillthetask.23.________Annie`sglass,Iapologizedtoher.A.TobreakB.BreakingC.HavingbrokenD.Break24.I`veneverseentheyoungman________nexttothedoctor.A.sitsB.sittingC.satD.tosit25.WhenIcalledheronthephone,shepretendedto(notknow)_________me.26.Thechairmanshouldraisehisvoiceinordertomakehimself(hear)________.27.You`dbetter______thewateruntilithasbeenboiled.A.nottodrinkB.notdrinkC.notdrunkD.notdrinking28.Thewineinthefridgejustwants(cool)________foracoupleofminutes.29.Hearingthebellring,thestudentsstopped(joke)_________witheachother.30.Seeingnobodyintheclassroom,hedecidedtostaythere(read)________forawhile.31.Itisnouse(argue)__________withhim,hewon`tlistentoyou.32.Davidwasso(disappoint)_______aboutthedecisionthatheranoutoftheclassroom.33.Doyouremember(introduce)_______Prof.SmithtoDr.LiduringhisfirstvisittoChina?34.Nobodyeverhasany_________tohurtyourfeelings.A.intentionB.heartC.purposeD.thought35.Shewasnothappybecausehehadkepther(wait)____________forhalfanhour.36.Themanagerpromised(get)__________meapositioninhiscompany.37.Areyougoingtofixthecaryourself,orareyougoingtohaveit_______?A.FixingB.tofixC.fixD.fixed38.If________inthefridge,thefruitcanremainfreshformorethanaweek.A.keepingB.bekeptC.keptD.tokeep39.Hisbookwasmuchbetterthanthose(write)_______sofaronthissubject.40.Iprefer(live)_________inthecountryratherthaninthecity.41.Thousandsofproducts_________fromcrudeoilarenowindailyuse.A.tomakeB.makingC.bemadeD.made42.Janealwaysenjoys__________topopularmusicathomeonFridayevenings.A.listeningB.beinglisteningC.tobelisteningD.tolisten43.(judge)___________fromlastyear`sexperience,thecoachknowsheshouldnotexpecttoomuch.44.Whenhewasinhospital,thenursehadhistemperature(take)_________everyfourhours.45.Inoticedthattherewasaman(draw)__________picturesontheground.46.While(cross)______thestreet,Isawsomeonewavingtome.47.Iwonderedwhytheboyoftenavoided(tal