英語四級考試高級語法講義

2013年6月英語四級考試高級語法講義虛擬語氣1.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣2.倒裝形式WereIyou(=ifIwereyou),Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Hadyouarrivedatthestationtenminutesearlieryesterday(=Ifyouhadarrived…),youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shoulditrain(=Ifitshouldrain),thecropswouldbesaved.【2】饅頭面條原理【3】固定句型Itistimethat...Wouldratherthat.....(1).Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.(2).Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.(4).Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.“Itis(was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣1.Itisnecessarythatwe(should可省略,下同)haveawalknow.2.Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.3.Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.4.Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.練習(xí)1.He’llbebusythisafternoon.Ifhe___free,he___tothecinemawithyou.A.weretobe;mightgoB.amgoingtobe;willgoC.willbe;mighthavegoneD.is;willgo2.WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeople_____allpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff3.HadIknownhername,_____.A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.IwouldhaveinvitedhertolunchD.shewouldbebeautiful4.I’dratheryou______bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone5.Thevictim________(本來會有機(jī)會活下來)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhaveachancetosurvive(06.12翻譯)6.Theprofessorrequiredthat________(我們交研究報告)。wehandinourresearchreport(s)(06.6翻譯)7.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.(06.6閱讀)8.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?M:IfPaulweremyson,I’djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkinghardhimself,he’ssuretodowellinthenextexam.Q:What’stheman’ssuggestiontothewoman?13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.(07.12)1.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________________(以防天氣變冷)incaseit(should)turncold.(08.12)10.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不會被大雨淋濕了).09.6.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain11.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________(按照我的指令去做).hadfo2013年6月英語四級考試高級語法講義倒裝：全部倒裝在大學(xué)級別的考試中，應(yīng)用是非常廣泛的，包括在閱讀、完形、寫作以及翻譯當(dāng)中;總共分為兩種形式：全部倒裝和部分倒裝全部倒裝:主謂賓構(gòu)成了正常的語序，把謂語動詞提到了動詞的前面，謂語動詞直接發(fā)生在主語之前，那么就是全部倒裝。另外一種情況就是，仍然是主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動詞都有時態(tài)、人稱的變化，把謂語動詞上的助動詞提到了主語的前面，這個就叫做部分倒裝。全部倒裝的情況：1.Thebusiscominghere.Herecomesthebus.進(jìn)行時態(tài)在變?yōu)榈寡b的時候要變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時。2.Studentswentaway.Awaywentstudents.3.Theboyrushedout.Outrushedtheboy.here/away/out/在英語當(dāng)中稱作方位副詞或時間副詞。①當(dāng)首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go，come等時通常用全部倒裝。如果是進(jìn)行時態(tài)的話，倒裝后要改為一般現(xiàn)在時。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.方位副詞或時間副詞置于句首②如果句首出現(xiàn)了地點狀語，句子也可以進(jìn)行全部倒裝。Theoldmanlivesinthecitycenter.Inthecitycenterlivestheoldman.Atemplestandsonthemountain.Onthemountainstandsatemple.③當(dāng)句子當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯(lián)系在一起放在句首，把be動詞留在中間當(dāng)作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout18.Onthefloorliesaboyagedabout18.Sittedonthegroundareagroupofyoundpeople.eg.訪問北京的是300名日本青年。/300名日本青年正在訪問北京。300JapaneseyoungpeoplearevisitingBeijing.VisitingBeijingare300Japaneseyoungpeople.全部倒裝的情況：①當(dāng)首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go，come等時通常用全部倒裝。②如果句首出現(xiàn)了地點狀語，句子也可以進(jìn)行全部倒裝。③當(dāng)句子當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯(lián)系在一起放在句首，把be動詞留在中間當(dāng)作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。主要出現(xiàn)在閱讀當(dāng)中，在翻譯當(dāng)中考到全部倒裝的可能性比較小。llowedmyinstructio2013年6月英語四級考試高級語法講義部分倒裝部分倒裝的形式:主謂賓保持原來的形式，謂語動詞的助動詞放到主語的前面。1、當(dāng)句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，這個句子就需要部分倒裝這類詞語有hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,never,few,little,less,atnotime,bynomeans,innocase,undernocircumstance,innoway,onnoaccount,onnoconsideration,nolonger,notonly等。eg.Heneversmokes.他從來不抽煙。Neverdoeshesmoke.eg.Notonlydidthecustomercomplainaboutthefood,healsorefusedtopayforit.這位顧客不僅僅抱怨食物不好，還拒絕付費(fèi)。eg.在任何情況下我都不會相信你。UndernocircumstancedoItrustyou.2、當(dāng)句首為only加狀語的時候，這個句子需要部分倒裝。eg.OnlywithyoucanIfeelhappy.eg.只有當(dāng)你來了這，我們才可以開始會議。Onlywhenyoucome,canwestartthemeeting.3、so......that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時，常引起部分倒裝eg.HerunssofastthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.他跑得實在是太快了，以致于我都沒有辦法追上他。SofastdoesherunthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.eg.Themoonwassobrightthattheflowersbrightasbyday.皓月當(dāng)空，花朵就像白天那樣的鮮艷。Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowersbrightasbyday.4、句子開頭的as處在第二個單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。eg.AlthoughIamyoung,Icanlivebymyself.雖然我很小但是我卻能養(yǎng)活自己了。YoungasIam,Icanlivebymyself.eg.Althoughsheisagirl,shecansupporttheholefamily.雖然她是個女孩，但是她卻可以養(yǎng)活整個家庭的人。Girlassheis,shecansupporttheholefamily.eg.AlthoughIlikemusicverymuch,....MuchasIlikemusic,.....5、常見的固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用倒裝的情況。hardly.....when....一......就......scarcely.....when.....hardly，scarcely后面一定要用過去完成時，when后面用一般過去時。eg.Hardlyhadheseenmewhenheranaway.他一看到我就跑開了。eg.Hardlyhadthebabycriedwhenhismotherrushedtocarryhim.嬰兒一哭，他媽媽就跑去抱他。nosooner....than.....一......就......nosooner后面一定要用過去完成時，than的后面用一般過去時。eg.Nosoonerhadtheyreachedhomethanitrainedmoreandmoreheavily.他們一到家，雨就越下越大起來。themore......themore...越....越....eg.Theharderyouwork,thehappieryoufeel.你工作越努力，就越覺得快樂。ns/orders表語從句構(gòu)成方式：若從句為陳述句，直接加that;若從句為特殊疑問句：直接保留特殊疑問詞，后面的句子變成陳述句語序;若從句為一般疑問句：先把一般疑問句變成陳述句語序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;eg：Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhoisresponsibleforwhathashappened.一、表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that,whether，連接代詞和連接副詞，關(guān)系代詞型what，以及asif,asthough,because等連詞。1.由that引導(dǎo)Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.事實是他沒有做真正的努力。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。Hissolerequirementwas(is)thatthesystemwork.他唯一的要求是這個制度能起作用。Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.我的意見是我們馬上就開始做準(zhǔn)備工作。2.由whether引導(dǎo)Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.問題是這部電影是否值得看。【注意】whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。3.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我過去所想像的人。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.問題是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信誰。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我們應(yīng)走哪條路。4.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿hatwaswhenIwasfifteen.這是我15歲時發(fā)生的事。That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。That’swhyhedidn’tcome.這就是他沒有來的緣故。That’swhyIobjecttotheplan.這就是我反對這個計劃的原因。That’swhereyouarewrong.這就是你不對的地方。5.由關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)That’swhatIwanttostress.這是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。That’swhatweareherefor.我們來這里就為了這個