語法專題11 there be句型和介詞

語法專題11therebe句型和介詞一、Therebe句型1.構(gòu)成Therebe句型表示的是“某處有/存在某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe(is，are)＋名詞＋地點狀語”。Thereareforty-twostudentsinourclass.我們班有42名同學。Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.我的鉛筆盒里有一支鉛筆。2.各種句式(1)否定句：Therebe＋not＋名詞＋地點狀語。其中not也可以用no表示。即：no＋名詞＝nota/an/any＋名詞。她的包里有個橘子。Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.＝Thereisn’tany/anorangeinherbag.樹上有幾只鳥。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearenobirdsinthetree.＝Therearen’tanybirdsinthetree.(2)一般疑問句：Bethere＋名詞＋地點狀語？回答：Yes,therebe./No,therbe＋not.她的手提包里有點錢。Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.—Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.【留意】確定句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞话阋蓡柧鋾r，句中的some應改為any。(3)特殊疑問句：①對Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)量提問：當對可數(shù)名詞的量提問時用：Howmany＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋arethere＋地點狀語？當對不行數(shù)名詞的量提問時用：Howmuch＋不行數(shù)名詞＋isthere＋地點狀語？這條街上有40個商店。Therearefortyshopsonthisstreet.→Howmanyshopsarethereonthisstreet?樹上有一只鳥。Thereisabirdinthetree.→Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?桌子上有一些面包。Thereissomebreadonthetable.→Howmuchbreadisthereonthetable?②對Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞提問時用：指物：Whatis＋地點狀語？指人：Whois＋地點狀語？課桌上有很多書。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.→What’sonthedesk?房間里有三個男孩兒。Therearethreeboysintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?3.用法(1)Therebe句型中，be動詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持全都。Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一個籃球。Therearemanypeopleinthehall.大廳里有很多人。(2)假如有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語，be動詞要和最靠近它的那個主語在數(shù)上保持全都，也就是我們常說的“就近原則”。Thereisanappleandsomebananasinthebasket.籃子里有一個蘋果和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanappleinthebasket.籃子里有一些香蕉和一個蘋果。4.therebe與have的區(qū)分(1)therebe句型表示“有”時，側(cè)重于客觀，表示“某處有/存在某人或某物”，此時不強調(diào)此物歸誰全部。(2)have表示“有”時，側(cè)重于主觀，表示“某人擁有某物”，此時強調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”，主語多是人。(3)二者有時可以通用，表示“某物本身擁有……”。Theroomhastendesks.＝Therearetendesksintheclassroom.教室里有十張桌子。學習時需要留意的問題：therebe句型表示有某人或某物。其構(gòu)成是：Therebe＋人或物＋地點狀語(常由介詞短語構(gòu)成).【考向一】therebe句型的主語通常在be之后。假如句子的主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞，be用is；假如句子主語是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，be用are。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些奶。Therearesomepencilsinmypencilbox.我的鉛筆盒里有些鉛筆?！镜淅縏here________acardontheteacher’sdeskfiveminutesago,butnowitisgone.A.have B.is C.was【考向二】therebe的疑問句式要把be提到there前，確定回答為“Yes,thereis/are.”，否定回答為“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。留意不要用“Yes,itis/theyare.”或“No,itisn’t/theyaren’t.”來回答?！狝rethereanyflowersinyourschool?你們學校里有一些花嗎？—Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.是的，有。/不，沒有?！狪sthereabagonthechair?椅子上有個包嗎？—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.是的，有。/不，沒有?！镜淅?.—________thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoidea.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is B.AreC.Has D.Have2.—Isthereawatermelononthetable?—________A.Yes,thereis. B.Yes,itis.C.No,thereis. D.No,itisn’t.【考向三】therebe的否定句式是在be后面加not，isnot可縮寫為isn’t；arenot可縮寫為aren’t。Therearesomegirlsinthephoto.那張照片中有些女孩。Therearen’tanygirlsinthephoto.(否定句)那張照片中沒有女孩?！镜淅俊猈eorderedbeefnoodles,but________anybeefinthenoodles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisn’t B.thereisC.therearen’t D.thereare【考向四】therebe后跟兩個或兩個以上主語時，be的數(shù)要與離它最近的主語的數(shù)保持全都，即“就近原則”。表示場所、方向的介詞（1）表示場所的介詞：at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite（2）表示方向的介詞：into,outof,along,across,through,up,past①at,inat在某地（表示比較狹窄的場所）atschool上學 athome在家standatthedoor站在門邊 atafactory在一家工廠atthebottomof在……下面 attheparty在聚會上attheendof在……末尾 atthetable在桌旁atthestation在火車站 atthecrossroads在十字路口atwork在上班 atthebusstop在公共汽車站?I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.我將去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比較寬敞的場所）inBeijing在北京 intheworld在世界上 inthehouse在房子里?Hisbrotherisinprisonandwasarrested2yearsago.他哥哥兩年前被捕現(xiàn)在在監(jiān)獄中服刑。?ShewasborninChina.她是在中國誕生的。②on,above,over,under,belowon在……上面，有接觸面。onthedesk在桌子上面；onthemap在地圖上。on在……靠近……的地方ontheright在右邊 onthescreen在屏幕上 ontheriver在河邊 onthefarm在農(nóng)場onthefloor在地板上 ontheisland/beach在島上/海濱 onthepavement在人行道上above在……上方?Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.我們的飛機在云端上飛行。over在……正上方，是under的反義詞?ThereisalightoverLiMing.李明的正上方有一盞燈。?Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.有幾只鳥在海上飛。?under在……下面；在……之內(nèi)underthetable桌子下面 underthejacket在夾克內(nèi)?Thedogisunderthetable.這只狗在桌子下面。below在……下方（不肯定是正下方）正下方是under，below是above的反義詞。?Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.水面下有很多各式各樣的魚。③near,bynear近的，不遠的near=notfar，是far的反義詞。near還可以指時間。inthenearfuture在不久的將來?Isthereabusstopnearhere?這兒四周有公共汽車站嗎？by在……旁邊，距離比near要近bythewindow在窗戶旁邊 byme在我旁邊?Theboyisstandingbythewindow.這個男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。④between,among,aroundbetween在兩者之間?MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。?What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?A和B之間有什么區(qū)分？among在三者或更多的之中?Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.在樹林之中有一間秀麗的房子。?Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在同學之中很受歡迎（很出名）。around環(huán)繞，在……四周，在……四周?Wesataroundthetable.我們在桌子四周坐下來。?Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。⑤infrontof，behind，oppositeinfrontof早……的前面；在……的前部?Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.?Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前部有一張大講桌。behind在……后面behind是infrontof的反義詞?Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一顆樹。?Thereisatreeatthebackofmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵樹。opposite在……對面?Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity,我們學校在一所高校的對面。?Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我對面。⑥in,into,outof,upin在……之內(nèi)，用于表示靜止的位置?Thestudentsareintheclassroom.同學們在教室里。into進入用于表有特定終點的運動的方向。通常用于表示動作的動詞之后,如go,come,walk,run等。?Thestudentsrunintotheclassroom.同學們跑進教室。?Hejumpedintothewater.他跳入水中。outof和into一樣，也表示有肯定的運動方向?Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.同學們沖出房間。outof的基本含義：從……到外面，離開；在……范圍之外；從（某個數(shù)）之中up移動?Thechildrenclimbedupthetree.孩子們爬上了樹。⑦along,across,past,throughalong沿著?Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.我正沿著河邊閑逛?????，突然下起雨來了。across橫過?Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳橫渡這條河。past經(jīng)過?Everydayherunspastthecityhall.他每天跑步經(jīng)過市政府。through貫穿，通過?Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.陽光穿過云層照射下來。?Theriverwasthroughthecity.這條河穿過這個城市。⑧to,from,for單詞含義例句to到達……地點（目的地）或方向HecametoJapanin1980.他1980年來到日本。from從……地點起leaverfor動身去……startfor動身去……IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.下周我將動身去美國。for表示目的地，＂向……＂for表目的時，一般都是和固定動詞搭配。It’sabouttenminutes’walkfromheretothecinema.從這兒到電影院大約需步行格外鐘。一、單項選擇1．Thereisablackboard_________thewall.A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．behind2．Wewanttobuild(建筑)anothernewGreatGreenWall________thenorthernpartofChina.A．a(chǎn)mong B．a(chǎn)crossC．through D．between3．Iusuallysit________theclassroom,sothatIcanheartheteacherwholikestostand________theclassclearly.A．infrontof;inthefrontof B．inthefrontof;infrontofC．infrontof;infrontof D．inthefrontof;inthefrontof4．Ihaveadictionary.It’s________thecomputerandthewall.A．behind B．betweenC．before D．under5．Lilyissonervousthatshecan’ttalk________theclass.A．behind B．nextto C．infrontof D．beside6．—Excuseme,isthereabanknearhere?

—No,________.ButyoucanfindoneinYangFangRoad.A．thereisn’t B．itisn’t C．thereis7．—What’sonthetable?—________somebreadonit.A．Thereis B．Thereare C．Theyare8．—Look!Ablindmanisinthemiddleofthestreet.It’stoodangerous.

—Let’shelphimgo________thestreet.A．cross B．through C．a(chǎn)cross9．WhileIamstanding________thewindow,Iseesomeboysrunning________thestreet.A．by;along B．on;at C．in;on D．to;in10．Remembertospendsometime________yourfamily.A．from B．with C．in D．on11．—Guess,howmuchisit?—Ithinkitis________15and20dollars.A．from B．between C．a(chǎn)mong D．with12．There________twoclothesstoresandapolicestationinourneighborhood.A．is B．has C．a(chǎn)re D．have13．Canyouseethebuilding________thebank?A．next B．over C．a(chǎn)cross D．opposite14．Arivergoes________thevillageandmakesitintotwoparts.A．over B．under C．a(chǎn)cross D．through15．—Whatcanyousee,Maria?—Icanseeacar________thehouseandaboyissitting________it.A．infrontof;infrontof B．infrontof;inthefrontof C．inthefrontof;infrontof16．Thetwoboyshelpedtheoldmango________thestreetjustnow.A．a(chǎn)bove B．over C．through D．a(chǎn)cross17．A:Thereisatree________ofourclassroom.B:Yes,itisbig.Look!Thereisabird________it.A．infront;on B．inthefront;on C．infront;in D．inthefront;in18．Thesupermarketisacross________thepark.A．to B．in C．from D．for19．Walk________thisstreet,andyoucanseeit.A．in B．a(chǎn)long C．on D．near20．—WhatdidSnowWhitedo________suchasnowynight?—Shewalked________thedarkforestalone.A．in;through B．in;across C．on;through D．on;along21．Thereisabigtree________thehouse.A．infrontof B．inthefrontof C．on D．to22．Isthereariver________thehouse?A．to B．of C．in D．behind23．There________afootballmatchbetweenArgentinaandSpainnextweek.A．willhave B．has C．have D．willbe24．Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.A．cross B．thought C．a(chǎn)cross D．through25．Theyarehavingdinner________thetable________thewindow.A．a(chǎn)t;by B．on;near C．a(chǎn)t;in D．on;by26．Thereisablackboard_______theclassroom.A．infrontof B．in C．behind D．on27．There’saboat__________theriver.A．on B．in C．between D．behind28．Inordertoseethebeautifulsunrise,Iusuallygoforawalk________theriverinthemorning.A．a(chǎn)cross B．in C．a(chǎn)long D．on29．Ilikewalkingmydog________theparkroadafterdinnereveryday.It’sgoodformyhealth.A．a(chǎn)bove B．on C．under D．a(chǎn)long30．Adogissittinginfront________thehouse.A．on B．of C．to D．in31．IlikethispieceofmusicbecauseIcansing________it.A．a(chǎn)longand B．a(chǎn)longwith C．with D．a(chǎn)long32．Mygrandma’spetcatgoes________thewindowandrunsintoherroom.A．a(chǎn)cross B．through C．over D．in33．Theparkis________yourhome.Youcanwalk________there.A．near;to B．farfrom;/ C．near;/ D．close;to34．There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A．was B．isgoingtohave C．willhave D．isgoingtobe35．Thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou________it.A．a(chǎn)bove;across B．a(chǎn)bove;cross C．over;across D．over;cross36．Boys,thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyougo________it.A．a(chǎn)cross;over B．cross;over C．over;cross D．over;across37．—________there________anoperashownextweek?—Yes,thereis.A．Will;be B．Will;have C．Is;goingtohave D．Is;goingtobe38．―________there__________a“helpinghands”meetingthisweekend?―Yes,allthevolunteerswillgotoit.A．Is;goingtohave B．Is;haveC．Is;be D．Is;goingtobe39．—WilltherebeanInternationalFilmFestivalinAugust?—Yes,________.A．thereis B．thereare C．therewill D．therewillbe40．Thereisabridge_________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou_________it.A．over,cross B．over,across C．a(chǎn)cross,over D．cross,over二、完形填空ThamesisthemostimportantriverinGreatBritain.Therearetwenty--seven41overtheriver.TowerBridgehasstoodovertheRiverThamesinLondonsince1894.Itisoneofthe42bridgesofall.43makesTowerBridgesoamazing(令人驚異的)?Whydosomanyvisitorscomingfrom44theworldgotoseeit?ItisbecauseTowerBridgecanopeninthemiddle.Itdoesthistoletbigshipsgo45tothePoolofLondon.ItistheonlybridgeinLondonthatcanberaisedtoallow46topass.Youare47enoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoopeningarmshighintheair.Youcan48thewonderfulviews(景色)oftheriveronit.49itsnorthsidestandstheTowerofLondon.Theylookveryold,andyoumaythinktheyareofthesameage.However,youare50.Thetowerisalmostonethousandyearsold,butTowerBridgeisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold.41．A．theatres B．parks C．stores D．bridges42．A．mostfamous B．largest C．longest D．highest43．A．When B．How C．What D．Where44．A．a(chǎn)llover B．a(chǎn)bove C．a(chǎn)mong D．between45．A．a(chǎn)long B．over C．out D．through46．A．cars B．ships C．planes D．bikes47．A．famous B．rich C．lucky D．old48．A．enjoy B．like C．take D．discover49．A．In B．On C．At D．Of50．A．right B．clever C．wrong D．serious從每小題所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。MynameisJulie.Iamtheonlygirloutof51childreninmyfamily.Ihavethreebrothers.Their52arePeter,JackandJames.Thisyearmyfamily53toanewcityandwerentabigapartment.Iliveathomewithmyparentsandthreebrothers.It’sabighouse54thelake（湖）onahill.Weallhaveourownrooms.Look,theroomwithabigwindowis55.Icanseetrees,birdsandflowersfromthe56.Ilikeourhouseverymuch!Mybrothers57likethehouse.Theycan58footballonthehill.Andit’soneoftheirfavorite59todo.Myparentslikethehouse,too.Therearen’tmanypeople60onthehill.Myparentslikequiet（安靜的）andcleanplaces.Wearehappyandhavingagoodtimehere.51．A．two B．three C．four52．A．names B．numbers C．cards53．A．run B．get C．move54．A．in B．on C．near55．A．yours B．mine C．ours56．A．garden B．yard C．window57．A．a(chǎn)lso B．only C．a(chǎn)lways58．A．make B．study C．play59．A．subjects B．ways C．things60．A．learning B．living C．walking三、閱讀理解AOneday,atiredwoman,MrsBrown,comestoseeherdoctor.Shesays,“Doctor,therearealotofdogsoutsidemyhouse.Theybarkalldayandallnight,soIcan’tgetagoodsleep.Canyouhelpme?“

“Ihavegoodnewsforyou.“saysthedoctor,givinghersamepills(藥丸).“Herearesomenewsleepingpillsthatworkverywell.Takeafewoftheseandyourtroublewillbeover.”

“Great.Thankyou.”MrsBrowngoesbackhomewiththepillshappily.

Afewweekslater,thewomancomesagain.Shesays,“Doctor,yourpillsarenotgoodatall.Iamworsethanbefore.”

“Idon’tunderstandhowthatcouldbe.”saysthedoctor,“Thosearethebestpills.”

“Thatmaybetrue,”answersthewoman.“butI’mstillupallnightrunningafterthosedogs.AndwhenIfinallycatchone.It’ssodifficulttogethimtoeatthepills.”61．Mrs.Browngoestoseethedoctorbecause________.A．shewantstokeepalovelydog B．shecan’tfindherdogC．herdogisn’tfine D．shecan’tsleepwell62．Thedoctorsayshehassomegoodnewsbecause________.A．hethinksthesleepingpillswillhelpMrs.BrownB．MrsBrownlooksmuchbetterthanbeforeC．hewilltakeallthedogsawaysoonD．Mrs.Brownbringshimsomenewpills63．Theword“him”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto(指代)“________”.A．thedogthewomancatches B．thewoman’sfriendC．thedoctor D．thewoman’sneighbor64．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MrsBrownkeepsmanydogsinherhouseB．ThesleepingpillsarenotgoodatallC．Mrs.BrownthinksthepillsareforthedogsD．Mrs.Brownisrunningafterthosedogstodrivethemaway65．AfterhearingMrs,Brown’swords,thedoctormightthink________.A．hispillsarenotsogood B．thedogsare