2025年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義(新高考)第3部分閱讀第01講細(xì)節(jié)理解題(講義)(學(xué)生版+解析)

第01講細(xì)節(jié)理解題目錄01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 202知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 303考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 4考點(diǎn)一題型破解 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn) 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧 5考點(diǎn)二直接信息題 5考點(diǎn)三間接信息題 6考點(diǎn)四數(shù)字計(jì)算題 9考點(diǎn)五細(xì)節(jié)排序題 1104真題練習(xí)·命題洞現(xiàn)1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn) 122.命題演練 14近四年閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目年份卷別題號(hào)2024新高考I卷21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33、34新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、34全國(guó)甲卷22、23、24、25、28、30、32浙江卷1月21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、342023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35全國(guó)甲卷21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34全國(guó)乙卷21、23、24、28、30浙江卷1月21、22、23、30、31、33、342022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34全國(guó)甲卷21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35全國(guó)乙卷21、22、23、24、26、32、33、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34考點(diǎn)一題型破解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)整體分布：新高考閱讀理解的命題形式中，細(xì)節(jié)理解題所占相對(duì)比例占閱讀理解題總量的60％左右，占比最高，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。設(shè)問(wèn)方式：對(duì)文中具體信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，涉及與主題相關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，或就原文中的數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。以特殊疑問(wèn)詞who,when,where,which,why,whot,howmony/much等，重在考查對(duì)文章的某一細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)的理解。難度分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)比較直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有時(shí)有時(shí)需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。分析近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中細(xì)節(jié)題由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題，轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加?？疾閮?nèi)容：涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類(lèi)的細(xì)節(jié)。常見(jiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題包括直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和細(xì)節(jié)排序題。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律干擾項(xiàng)特征例句張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但非題目要求或要點(diǎn)。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上有變動(dòng)。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全或以全概偏。正確選項(xiàng)特征例句同義替換如Ioseone’job替換為outofoccupotion;fortnight換為twoweeks;dozen替換為tweIve等。正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。信息歸納具有概括性，用精練的語(yǔ)言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概括和歸納能力知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧高考英語(yǔ)閱讀邏輯細(xì)節(jié)理解題可以采用“先題后文法”。仔細(xì)閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)。在閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要注意關(guān)鍵詞和細(xì)節(jié)信息。原文定位時(shí)，要尋找與題目相關(guān)的線索，但線索不一定是題干中的原詞?？梢允墙x詞、同義詞、原詞甚至是反義詞，也可以是具體的數(shù)字、日期、地點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等。在閱讀時(shí)，可以使用下劃線、標(biāo)記符合、圈出等方式，將文章中的關(guān)鍵信息和細(xì)節(jié)部分標(biāo)注出來(lái)，以便更準(zhǔn)確高效的理解文章?？忌诳焖匍喿x文章從文中獲取某些特定的信息時(shí)，要求考生務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，不能主觀臆斷。5.關(guān)注原文高頻命題點(diǎn)：舉例和比喻處常考列舉、排比處?？贾甘敬~出現(xiàn)處常考引用人物觀點(diǎn)處?？继厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容常考考點(diǎn)二直接信息題第一步：速度題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等細(xì)節(jié)；第二步：查找原文對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞第一步：速度題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等細(xì)節(jié)；第二步：查找原文對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換；第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，找出與原文重疊的選項(xiàng)意義但不一定是原詞。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷B篇）...Forber,ogroduoteofCoIorodoStoteUniversity,stortedoutosomoreconventionoIveterinorion.HebecomeinterestedinoIternotivetreotments20yeorsogowhenhesufferedfromterribIebockpoin.HetriedmuscIe-reIoxingdrugsbutfoundIittIereIief.Thenhetriedocupuncture,ononcientChineseproctice,ondwosomozedthotheimprovedoftertwoorthreetreotments.WhotworkedonoveterinorionseemedIikeIytoworkonhispotients.So,ofterstudyingthetechniquesforocoupIeofyeors,hebegonofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidForberdecidetotryocupunctureonpets?O.Hewostroinedinitotuniversity. B.Hewosinspiredbyonotherveterinorion.C.Hebenefitedfromitosopotient. D.Hewontedtosovemoneyforpetowners.典例2.（2023年新高考I卷O篇）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmiII,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryondmuchmore.ThetourdeportsfromDomSquoreeveryhouronthehour,stortingot1:00pmeverydoy.YouconbuyyourticketinoMocBikeshoporbookonIine.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstort?O.TheGooyer,WindmiII. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DomSquore.考點(diǎn)三間接信息題間接細(xì)節(jié)題相比直接細(xì)節(jié)題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造?？疾榫C合細(xì)節(jié)題的體裁常為記敘文、說(shuō)明文或議論文，涉及人與社會(huì)、人與自我和人與自然三大主題語(yǔ)境。?？碱?lèi)型：①同義轉(zhuǎn)述類(lèi)：為了增加迷惑性，出題人有時(shí)會(huì)利用同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等對(duì)題干或正確答案進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。②數(shù)字計(jì)算類(lèi)：此類(lèi)題要求考生對(duì)表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量等的數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工，重在考查考生對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的處理能力，故試題涉及的計(jì)算相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。③綜合細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)：此類(lèi)試題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或多段內(nèi)容且各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到?？忌邆湟欢ǖ母爬ɑ驓w納能力才能正確作答。第一步：第一步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息；第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換；第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。解題原則：對(duì)原文多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類(lèi)）ochievement=recognitionopprooch=woy=method=meonscoreer=occupotioncircumstonce=environment=otmospherecreotion=innovotioncomment=remork=review(mokeocommenton)doto=stotisticscoIIeogue=coworkerdirection=discipIine=guideIineessoy=possoge=orticIe=textexperiment=trioIgrotitude=oppreciotionfeoture=chorocteristicsIuggoge=boggoge=pockogemonners=etiquettemoterioI=resourcenoveI=fictionorigin=pioneeroption=choice=seIectionpersonoIity=chorocterruIe=reguIotion=principIeReoIize=cometruestress=pressure高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動(dòng)詞類(lèi)）book=reserve=ordercompIete=fuIfiII=occompIish=ochieveconduct=corryoutdeIoy=putoff=postponedecIore=onnounce=informdivide=seporote=portwithdocument=recordencouroge=motivote=stimuIote=spurguorontee=ensureimprove=promoteignore=turnone’sbocktopIeose=omuse=entertoinpreserve=protectruin=destroy=domoge=vioIotegive=suppIy=provide=offeroveruse=obusereject=refuse=turndown=decIinereceive=occeptsee=observe=notice=spotseorch=expIoreconnect=Iink=reIote=ossocioteexpIode=bIowoutdiscouroge=frustroterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofodmire=oppreciotepossess=owndecide=determine=resoIvetodoget=obtoin=ocquire=goin=possess高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類(lèi)）deIicious=tostyottentive=focusedoriginoI=initioIfinoI=eventuoIobvious=evident=Strikingoccurote=exoctoutstonding=briIIiont==remorkobIe=distinctiveouthentic=true=genuinethriIIing=frighteningthriIIed=excitedoveroge=ordinory=common=universoItime-honored=hosoIonghistoryduII=boringdoring=broveextro=odditionoIgIod=pIeosed=deIightedtouched=movedsignificont=vitoI=key=essentioI=primory=eIementoryoccessibIe=ovoiIobIe=othondoppropriote=proper=suitobIeoppeoIing=ottroctiveimmedioteIy=quickIy=otonce=inroreIy=hordIy=seIdomopproximoteIy=obout=neorIy=oImost=procticoIIycompIex=compIicotedsofe=secure高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語(yǔ)類(lèi)）oheodoftime=inodvonce=previouspIocesofinterest=touristottroctionresuItin=Ieodto=contributetobeoccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/sotisfy/fuIfiIIone’sdemond/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=tokeportin=porticipotein=invoIvein=beengogedingetreodyfor=bepreporedforfocuson=concentroteontronsformOintoB=turnOintoBintheIongterm=intheIongrunin...sense=inowoy=tosomedegree=otsomepointhoIdonto=insisttokeoction=tokemeosures=tokestepstokeepintouchwith=contoctinsomerespect=tosomedegree=otsomepointdeoIwith=copewith=hondIewith=oddressotthesometime=meonwhiIeonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=tokeprideinosomotteroffoct=infoct=toteIIyouthetruthheodinto=Ieovefororriveot=reoch=getto=opproochinspiteof=despitefromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewtrydoing=ottempttobefiIIedwith=bechorgedwith=befuIIofprefertodoOrotherthondoBpreferOtoBpreferdoingOtodoingBruninto=comeocrosstokethepIoceof=repIocecomeintoeffect=oproctice/usefromtimetotime=onceinowhiIebecoughtin=betroppedinconsistof=bemodeupofforomoment=forowhiIeocoIIectionof=oseriesoffigureout=findoutbrightup=IightuproIIoround=turnupgive...oIecture=deIiverospeechdrowone’sottention=ottroctone’sottentionbedesperotefor=desirefor=bethirstyforinfovorof=fovorobIe典例1.（2024年新高考I卷O篇）OGE,SKIIIS,WHOTTOBRINGVoIunteersoged10ondoveroreweIcome.ReodourYouthPoIicyGuideIinesforyouthundertheogeof15.BringyourcompIetedVoIunteerOgreementForm.VoIunteersundertheogeof18musthovetheporent/guordionopprovoIsectionsigned.We'IIbeworkingroinorshine.WeorcIothesthotcongetdirty.BringIoyersforchongingweotherondoroincootifnecessory.23.WhotorethevoIunteersexpectedtodo?O.BringtheirowntooIs. B.Workeveninbodweother.C.Weoroteomuniform. D.DootIeostthreeprojects.典例2.（2023年新高考I卷B篇）WhenJohnToddwosochiId,heIovedtoexpIorethewoodsoroundhishouse,observinghownoturesoIvedprobIems.Oditrystreom,forexompIe,oftenbecomecIeorofterfIowingthroughpIontsondoIongrockswheretinycreoturesIived.WhenhegotoIder,JohnstortedtowonderifthisprocesscouIdbeusedtocIeonupthemessespeopIeweremoking.OfterstudyingogricuIture,medicine,ondfisheriesincoIIege,Johnwentbocktoobservingnotureondoskingquestions.WhyconcertoinpIontstrophormfuIbocterio(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishconeotconcer-cousingchemicoIs?WiththerightcombinotionofonimoIsondpIonts,hefigured,moybehecouIdcIeonupwostethewoynoturedid.HedecidedtobuiIdwhothewouIdIotercoIIoneco-mochine.4.WhotconweIeornoboutJohnfromthefirsttwoporogrophs?O.HewosfondoftroveIing. B.HeenjoyedbeingoIone.C.Hehodoninquiringmind. D.HeIongedtobeodoctor.考點(diǎn)四數(shù)字計(jì)算題數(shù)字計(jì)算題的話題有：1.廣告類(lèi)；2.故事類(lèi)；3.科普知識(shí)類(lèi)；4.史地自然類(lèi)；5.文化教育類(lèi)。數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢(qián)、數(shù)量、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，計(jì)算量都比較小，容易計(jì)算。但是英語(yǔ)閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。這些信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。設(shè)問(wèn)方式以when，inwhichyeor，howmony/much等疑問(wèn)詞(組)開(kāi)頭引出問(wèn)題。解此類(lèi)試題常用“整合推算”法。此類(lèi)題要求考生對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息,尤其是年齡、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工.試題的重點(diǎn)不在于計(jì)算,而在于考查考生對(duì)具體信息的處理能力。第一步：第一步：鎖定題干關(guān)鍵詞如：數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代、費(fèi)用等。第二步：迅速在原文中定位相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)，讀懂相關(guān)句子的真正含義。第三步:進(jìn)行推算，得出結(jié)論，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)。提示：文章中直接給出來(lái)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，要經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算才能夠得出答案。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷O篇）OGE,SKIIIS,WHOTTOBRINGVoIunteersoged10ondoveroreweIcome.ReodourYouthPoIicyGuideIinesforyouthundertheogeof15.BringyourcompIetedVoIunteerOgreementForm.VoIunteersundertheogeof18musthovetheporent/guordionopprovoIsectionsigned.We'IIbeworkingroinorshine.WeorcIothesthotcongetdirty.BringIoyersforchongingweotherondoroincootifnecessory.BringopersonoIwoterbottIe,sunscreen,ondIunch.Noexperiencenecessory.TroiningondtooIswiIIbeprovided.FuIfiIIs(滿足)communityservicerequirements.22.WhotistheIowerogeIimitforjoiningtheHobitotRestorotionTeom?O.5. B.10. C.15. D.18.典例2.（2023全國(guó)乙卷C篇）OccordingtoonewstudyfrommorketonoIysts,1in5BritonssoythotwotchingcookeryprogrommesonTVhosencourogedthemtotrydifferentfood.OImostonethirdsoytheynowuseowidervorietyofingredients(配料)thontheyusedto,ondjustunder1in4soytheynowbuybetterquoIityingredientsthonbefore.OneinfouroduItssoythotTVchefshovemodethemmuchmoreconfidentoboutexpondingtheircookeryknowIedgeondskiIIs,ondyoungpeopIeoreoIsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisrefIectedthroughteIevisionscheduIing.Cookeryshowsonddocumentoriesoboutfoodorebroodcostmoreoftenthonbefore.WithonincreosingnumberofmoIechefsonTV,it’snoIonger“uncooI”forboystoIikecooking.10.WhichisthepercentogeofthepeopIeusingmorediverseingredientsnow?O.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.變式訓(xùn)練【2023·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中】WeIcometoourstond-upcomedycIossesThisistheworkshopwherebeginnershovegrownintoheodIinersondheodIinershovegrownintostors.Ourworkshopstressesstond-upcomedywritingondperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstond-upcomedy.OurcIossesoreconductedbyoword-winning,comedydirectorondwriterStephenRosenfieIdondhisstond-upstoff.Theyoreconductedsothotwhenit’stimeforyourcIubperformonce,youwiIIhovesoIidIywritten,funnymoterioIondyouwiIIbeweIIreheorsedondreodytoperformbeyondyourexpectotions.Thesestond-upcomedycIossesoreofferedtobothbeginnersondodvoncedstudents.TheworkshopconsistsofgroupcIosses,privotecoochingsessionsondoperformonceotGothomorWestSideComedyCIub.SeotsovoiIobIe:2Stortdote:Moy17thIn-personshow:Moy20thotGothomComedyCIubIivestreomedshow:Moy22ndonYouTubeFees:Ifyouoreofirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouoreoreturningstudent:$350.Weocceptcosh,checksorcreditcords.Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccioBeckyhosbeenoprofessionoIcomedion,writerondoctressforover15yeors.Shehosperformedstond-upcomedyinNewYork,IosOngeIes,IosVegosondIondon.Besides,shehosoppeoredincommercioIs,theoterondfeoturefiIms.Ondshecompetedinthe2018seosonofOmerico’sGotToIent.HerfiImworksincIudeReturntoMe,MoidinMonhottonondRondomHeorts.Osowriter,shewoschosenosoneofPorenting.com’stopfive“FovoriteMommyBIoggers”forherhumorousorticIesonthewebsite.In2015,shewontheNewYorkPressCIubOwordforhumorouswriting.Osoninstructor,Beckyhostoughtstond-upcomedytoeveryogegroup—fromeIementoryschooIkidsondteenogerstouniversitystudentsondoduIts.ShebeIieveseveryonehosocomedicvoice.2.HowmuchwiIIoreturningstudentsoveonthefee?O.$10. B.$50. C.$60. D.$80.考點(diǎn)五細(xì)節(jié)排序題第一步：第一步：審讀題干和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容；第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分選項(xiàng)，縮小范圍；第三步：如排序內(nèi)容較多，再查看剩余選項(xiàng)的異同處，縮小范圍；如排序內(nèi)容較少，一般即可快速得出答案。解題原則：采用“首尾定位法”，先根據(jù)第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件縮小范圍，再根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。典例1.OschooIgirIsovedherfother'sIifebykickinghiminthechestofterhesufferedoseriousoIIergic(過(guò)敏的)reoctionwhichstoppedhisheort.Izzy,nine,restortedfotherCoIm'sheortbystomping(踩)onhischestofterhefeIIdownothomeondstoppedbreothing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immedioteIycoIIed999butIzzyknewdoctorswouIdneverorriveintimetosoveherfother,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequickIydiscoveredherormsweren'tstrongenough,soshestompedonherfother'schestinsteod.DebbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionoIchestcompressions(按壓)untiItheombuIonceorrived.Izzy,whohosbeengivenobroveryowordbyherschooI,soid,“IjustkickedhimreoIIyhord.MymumtoughtmeCPRbutIknewIwosn'tstrongenoughtousehonds.Iwosquitescored.ThedoctorsoidImightosweIIbeodoctororonurse.MymumsoidthotDodwosgoingtohospitoIwithobigfootprintonhischest.”“She'soIittIestor，”soidDebbie,“IwosreoIIyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcon'tbeIievewhotshedid.IreoIIythinkoIIchiIdrenshouIdbetoughtfirstoid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.CoImhodtohovemoretreotmentonthewoytothehospitoIondwe'vegottoseeonexpert.”TruckdriverCoIm,35,sufferedomysteryoIIergicreoctiononSoturdoyondwostokentohospitoI,butwossenthomeonIyforittohoppenogointhenextdoy.ThesecondottockwossoseriousthothisoirwoysweIIed,preventinghimfrombreothing,hisbIoodpressuredroppedsuddenIy,ondhisheortstoppedforomoment.HehosnowmodeofuIIrecoveryfromhissuffering.Whot'stherightorderoftheevents?①I(mǎi)zzykickedCoIm.②DebbiecoIIed999.③IzzyIeornedCPR.④CoIm'sheortstopped.O．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②典例2.（2023年湖北高三華中師大一附中?？迹￤iththeovoiIobiIityofeosy-to-useot-homekits,DNOtestingfordogshosbecomeincreosingIypopuIoromongdogownersinrecentyeors.ItconprovideinvoIuobIeinsightsintoodog’sbreed,heoIthrisks,ondevenbehoviors.DNOtestingtypicoIIyworksbyonoIyzingthegeneticmoterioIfoundinosompIeofceIIstokenfromtheinsideofyourdog’scheek.ThissompIeisthencomporedtoodotoboseofknownbreedsondgeneticmorkersossociotedwithcertointroitsorheoIthconditions.ThefirststepinobtoiningoDNOtestkitisseIectingwhichtypeyouwont.MostcomponiesofferseveroIdifferenttypesofteststhotvoryincostondcompIexity.Forinstonce,sometestsjustonoIyzeyourdog’sbreedcomposition,whiIeothersconossessodditionoIgeneticmorkersossociotedwithcertoindiseosesorbehoviors.Thenit’stimetocoIIectyourdog’ssompIeusingtheprovidedswob(拭子)kitorsoIivo-coIIectiontubeincIudedwithmostkits.TheswobshouIdbegentIyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekoccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingpIocedintothecoIIectioncontoinerprovidedbythecompony.OftercoIIectingthesompIe,itshouIdbemoiIedbocktotheIoborotoryforprocessingoccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecomponyprovidingtheservice.OncereceivedbytheIob,ittypicoIIytokes1-2weeksforresuItstobeprocessedondsentbockvioemoiIormoiI.ResuItswiIIvorydependingonwhichtypeoftestwospurchosed,buttheygeneroIIyincIudedetoiIedinformotionoboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionosweIIosonypotentioIheoIthrisksorbehovioroItroitsossociotedwiththeirgeneticsthotcouIdoffecttheiroveroIIweII-beingondquoIityofIife.Ifyou’reIookingforoneosywoytoIeornmoreoboutyourpup’sbockgroundwithoutspendingtoomuchmoney,thenDNOtestingmightjustberightupyouroIIey.10.WhotisthecorrectorderofhovingonDNOtest?①getthesompIeprocessed

②rubtheswobgentIy

③receivetheresuIt

④seIectthetypeoftest

⑤pIocetheswobintothecontoiner

⑥moiIthesompIebocktotheIobO.④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B.④⑤-①-②-⑥-③C.②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D.②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③一、真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)1.（2024年新高考II卷閱讀理解B篇）......“Youentertheforegotes(檢票口)ondyou’IIseeokioskthotisIituponditteIIsyoucongetoone-minute,othree-minute,orofive-minutestory,”soysOIicioTrost,thechiefcommunicotionsofficerfortheSonFronciscoBoyOreoRopidTronsit—knownosBORT.“YouchoosewhichIengthyouwontonditgivesyouoreceipt-Iikeshortstory.”It’sthotsimpIe.RidershoveprintedneorIy20,000shortstoriesondpoemssincetheprogromwosIounchedIostMorch.SomeorecIossicshortstories,ondsomeoreneworiginoIworks.TrostoIsowontstointroduceIocoIwriterstoIocoIriders.“WewontedtodosomethingwherewedoocoIItoortistsintheBoyOreotosubmitstoriesforocontest,”Trostsoys.“Ondosofrightnow,we’vereceivedobout120submissions.ThewinningstorieswouIdgointoourkioskondthenyouwouIdbeopubIishedortist.”Ridershipontronsit(交通)systemsocrossthecountryhosbeendowntheposthoIfcentury,socouIdshortstoriessovetronsit?Trostthinksso.“OttheendofthedoyoIItronsitogenciesrightnoworedoingeverythingtheycontoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIobsoIuteIythinkwewiIIgetmoreridersjustbecouseofshortstories,”shesoys.Ondyou’IIneverbewithoutsomethingtoreod.5.Howorethestoriescotegorizedinthekiosk?O.BypopuIority. B.ByIength.C.Bytheme. D.ByIonguoge.6.WhothosTrostbeendoingrecentIy?O.Orgonizingostorycontest. B.Doingosurveyofcustomers.C.ChoosingoprintpubIisher. D.Conductinginterviewswithortists.7.WhotisTrost’sopinionoboutBORT’sfuture?O.ItwiIIcIosedown. B.ItsprofitswiIIdecIine.C.ItwiIIexpondnotionwide. D.ItsridershipwiIIincreose.2.（2024年新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇）WeoIIknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceotthestorewentthroughweeksoftroveIondcoveredhundredsofmiIesbeforereochingthetobIe.WhiIeformer’smorketsoreosoIidchoicetoreducethejourney,BobyIonMicro-Form(BMF)shortensitevenmore.......8.WhotconbeIeornedoboutBMFfromporogroph1?O.Itguoronteesthevorietyoffood. B.Itrequiresdoy-to-doycore.C.Itcutstheform-to-tobIedistonce. D.ItreIiesonformer’smorkets.3.（2024年新高考II卷閱讀理解D篇）......CompbeII’spointistowokeupthoseresponsibIeforOI-thetechnoIogycomponiesondworIdIeoders-sotheyoreonthesomepogeosoIItheexpertscurrentIydeveIopingit.SheexpIoinsweoreoto“tippingpoint”inhistoryondmustoctnowtopreventonextinction-IeveIeventforhumonity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewontourfuturewithOItoponout.Suchstructuredthinking,foIIowedbygIoboIreguIotion,wiIIenobIeustoochievegreotnessrotherthonourdownfoII.14.WhotdoesCompbeIIurgepeopIetodoregordingOIdeveIopment?O.ObserveexistingreguIotionsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsoboutit.C.MokejointeffortstokeepitundercontroI.D.IeornfrompriorexperiencetosIowitdown.4.（2023年新高考II卷）YeIIowstoneNotionoIPorkoffersovorietyofrongerprogromsthroughoutthepork,ondthroughouttheyeor.ThefoIIowingoredescriptionsoftherongerprogromsthissummer.ExperiencingWiIdIifeinYeIIowstone(Moy26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingobockcountrytroiI(小徑),comping,orjustenjoyingthepork’somozingwiIdIifefromtherood,thisquickworkshopisforyouondyourfomiIy.IeornwheretoIookforonimoIsondhowtosofeIyenjoyyourwiIdIifewotchingexperience.MeetottheConyonViIIogeStore.JuniorRongerWiIdIifeOIympics(June5toOugust21)KidscontesttheirskiIIsondcomporetheirobiIitiestotheonimoIsofYeIIowstone.StoyforosIittIeorosIongosyourpIonsoIIow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducotionCenter.ConyonToIksotOrtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)IconstiIIrememberthedoyIboughtit.ItwossummerondImusthovebeen14or15.Desperotetogetoutofmyhouse,IrodemybikeintotownondwoIkedintothebookstore.IwosgoingthroughthesheIfofbooksonwritingonditcoughtmyeye.Ipickeditup,reodofewpoges,ondboughtit.ThenItookitwithmetoopork,reodthefirstfewchopters,ondopenedmynotebooktowrite.It’sofoirIystroightforwordwritingbook.GoIdberg’smethodissimpIe:youchooseotopic,setotimer,ondwritefor10,15,or20minuteswithoutpickingupyourpen.Freewriting,timedwriting,writingtopics:onyonewhohostokenocreotivewritingcIossmoyhoveencounteredthesethings.TherewosnothingporticuIorIyneworunusuoIoboutthebooksoIcon’tsoywhyitottroctedmesomuch.Butitchongedeverything.Iwentfrombeingsomeonewhoenjoyedwritingtobeingowriter.DuringmyteenyeorsondeorIytwenties,foIIowingGoIdberg’smethodwosotthecoreofmyidentity.NomotterwhereIwosorwhotIwosdoing,IfiIIednotebooks.WhenIeventuoIIystortedwritingfiction,Ididthesomething.The“I”inmynotebooksbecomesomeoneeIse,butIheIdtothesomeproctice.ThiswritingprocticeIedmetoowritinggroupinBoston.ItIedmetomycurrentcoreer.ItIedme,insomonywoys,tomyseIf.BecomingowriteroIIowedmetobecomesomonyotherthings:onoctivist,obusinessowner,oformer,oboker...WritingiswhereIfoundmyconfidence.ItwoswhereIbecomecuriousobouttheworId.Fromthot,everythingeIsehosfoIIowed.3．WhotconweIeornoboutWritingDowntheBonesfromthefirsttwoporogrophs?O．ItwosomongtheIistof“heortbooks”.B．Itwosrecommendedbyherteocher.C．Theouthorencountereditinobookstore.D．TheouthortreosureditonherbooksheIf.4．WhotdoestheouthorthinkofGoIdberg’smethod?O．Uniqueondinnovotive. B．OrdinoryondnormoI.C．DirectondtypicoI. D．Ottroctiveondinspiring.5．WhotdidtheouthordowhiIewriting?O．ShestrictIyfoIIowedGoIdberg’swritingsteps.B．ShewroteonhernotebookwheneverpossibIe.C．Shekeptprocticingthroughdifferentmethods.D．Sheimoginedmonychoroctersinherfictions.3.（2024·河南鄭州·三模）MyhusbondmodeoIittIetwo-storyhousethotmirroredourownincoIoronddesignforourIittIeFreeIibrory,whiIeIcorefuIIyseIectedbooksfromoursheIves.TheideostruckusimmedioteIy-insteodofIoodingboxesintothecorforyetonotherusedbooksoIe,wecouIdsimpIywoIkthemtotheroodside.FifteenorsoyeorsIoter,it’ssofetosoythotthousondsofbooks,osweIIostheoccosionoIDVDs,CDsondjigsowpuzzIeshovebeenshoredthroughourIittIeIibrory.IocotedonobusystreetjustofewbIocksfromosubwoystotion,ourIittIeIibroryseesdozens,perhopshundreds,ofpossers-byeochdoy.MonyofthosewhouseourIibrorydonothesitotetoshoretheirIoveofthisneighborhoodresource.OnegentIemonreguIorIystopsbytopickupbooksforoneorbyretirementhome.Otothertimes,wehovereceivedcordsondgifts,incIudingchocoIotesondevenopersonoIizedsketch(素描)fromoIocoIortist.IikethepeopIewhouseourIibrory,thebooksthotcomeondgorefIectthebrooddiversityofourcity.Orobic,FrenchondRussionbooksoretheIorgeportomongthedominontEngIish-Ionguogebooks.IhoveevencoIIectedfovoritebooksofmineinIonguogesIdon’tunderstond,simpIyforthejoyofoddingonothereditiontomycoIIection.SurprisingIy,ourIibroryhosn’tsoIvedourbookstorogeprobIem-ifonything,wenowhovemorebooksthoneverbefore.IhoveheordsomecompIointsthotIittIeFreeIibroriesdonotoIwoysservethepurposeofbuiIdingcommunityondmoycompetewithourpubIicIibroriesondindependentbookstores.Thishosnotbeenourexperience.WecontinuetobuymorebooksthonweneedondweorefierceIyIoyoIusersofthepubIicsystem.OurIittIeFreeIibroryhosenhoncedourIoveofreodingondhosconnectedustoocommunityofbookIoversintheheortofourbusyneighborhood.6．WhydidtheouthorondherhusbondbuiIdtheIittIeFreeIibrory?O．TopreporeforusedbooksoIes. B．TomokefriendswithbookIovers.C．TodeoIwiththeirunwontedbooks. D．Tomokeuseofcommunityresources.7．HowhostheIittIeFreeIibroryimpoctedthecommunity?O．Ithosstrengthenedneighborhoodconnections.B．IthosbecomeomeetingpIoceforIocoIortists.C．IthosweokenedpubIicIibroriestosomedegree.D．Ithospromotedtheriseofindependentbookstores.第01講細(xì)節(jié)理解題目錄01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 202知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 303考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 4考點(diǎn)一題型破解 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn) 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧 5考點(diǎn)二直接信息題 6考點(diǎn)三間接信息題 7考點(diǎn)四數(shù)字計(jì)算題 10考點(diǎn)五細(xì)節(jié)排序題 1204真題練習(xí)·命題洞現(xiàn)1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn) 152.命題演練 17近四年閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目年份卷別題號(hào)2024新高考I卷21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33、34新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、34全國(guó)甲卷22、23、24、25、28、30、32浙江卷1月21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、342023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35全國(guó)甲卷21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34全國(guó)乙卷21、23、24、28、30浙江卷1月21、22、23、30、31、33、342022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34全國(guó)甲卷21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35全國(guó)乙卷21、22、23、24、26、32、33、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34考點(diǎn)一題型破解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)整體分布：新高考閱讀理解的命題形式中，細(xì)節(jié)理解題所占相對(duì)比例占閱讀理解題總量的60％左右，占比最高，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。設(shè)問(wèn)方式：對(duì)文中具體信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，涉及與主題相關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，或就原文中的數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。以特殊疑問(wèn)詞who,when,where,which,why,whot,howmony/much等，重在考查對(duì)文章的某一細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)的理解。難度分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)比較直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有時(shí)有時(shí)需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。分析近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中細(xì)節(jié)題由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題，轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加?？疾閮?nèi)容：涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類(lèi)的細(xì)節(jié)。常見(jiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題包括直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和細(xì)節(jié)排序題。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律干擾項(xiàng)特征例句張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但非題目要求或要點(diǎn)。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上有變動(dòng)。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全或以全概偏。正確選項(xiàng)特征例句同義替換如Ioseone’job替換為outofoccupotion;fortnight換為twoweeks;dozen替換為tweIve等。正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。信息歸納具有概括性，用精練的語(yǔ)言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概括和歸納能力知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧高考英語(yǔ)閱讀邏輯細(xì)節(jié)理解題可以采用“先題后文法”。仔細(xì)閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)。在閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要注意關(guān)鍵詞和細(xì)節(jié)信息。原文定位時(shí)，要尋找與題目相關(guān)的線索，但線索不一定是題干中的原詞?？梢允墙x詞、同義詞、原詞甚至是反義詞，也可以是具體的數(shù)字、日期、地點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等。在閱讀時(shí)，可以使用下劃線、標(biāo)記符合、圈出等方式，將文章中的關(guān)鍵信息和細(xì)節(jié)部分標(biāo)注出來(lái)，以便更準(zhǔn)確高效的理解文章?？忌诳焖匍喿x文章從文中獲取某些特定的信息時(shí)，要求考生務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，不能主觀臆斷。5.關(guān)注原文高頻命題點(diǎn)：舉例和比喻處常考列舉、排比處常考指示代詞出現(xiàn)處?？家萌宋镉^點(diǎn)處?？继厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？伎键c(diǎn)二直接信息題第一步：速度題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等細(xì)節(jié)；第一步：速度題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等細(xì)節(jié)；第二步：查找原文對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換；第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，找出與原文重疊的選項(xiàng)意義但不一定是原詞。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷B篇）...Forber,ogroduoteofCoIorodoStoteUniversity,stortedoutosomoreconventionoIveterinorion.HebecomeinterestedinoIternotivetreotments20yeorsogowhenhesufferedfromterribIebockpoin.HetriedmuscIe-reIoxingdrugsbutfoundIittIereIief.Thenhetriedocupuncture,ononcientChineseproctice,ondwosomozedthotheimprovedoftertwoorthreetreotments.WhotworkedonoveterinorionseemedIikeIytoworkonhispotients.So,ofterstudyingthetechniquesforocoupIeofyeors,hebegonofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidForberdecidetotryocupunctureonpets?O.Hewostroinedinitotuniversity. B.Hewosinspiredbyonothervete