語法精講-非謂語動詞

語法精講－非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的構成形式對比（加下劃線的選項為正確答案）（一）不定式的基本形式動詞不定式的否定形式：由“not+不定式”構成。Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperatation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating動詞不定式的被動形式：由“tobe+過去分詞”構成。LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking動詞不定式的進行時形式：由“tobe+現在分詞”構成。Whenhisfathercamein,hepretendedtobereading.動詞不定式的完成形式：由“tohave+過去分詞”構成。Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havegone動詞不定式的完成形式的被動：由“tohave+been+過去分詞”構成。Doletyourmotyherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.A.totell B.tobetold C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold(二)V-ing形式的基本形式1.V-ing形式的一般式由“動詞＋ing”構成，其被動式“being+過去分詞”。Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught________andletheroff.A.tohavestolen B.tobestealing C.tosteal D.stealing2.V-ing形式的完成式由“having+過去分詞”構成，其被動式為“having+been+過去分詞”。ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.added3.V-ing形式的否定式為“not+V-ing”。但現代英語中，其完成式的否定也可用“having+not+過去分詞”構成。_________areplay,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.Receivingnot C.Nothavingreceived D.havingnotreceived(三)過去分詞的基本形式過去分詞由“規(guī)則動詞＋ed”構成，不規(guī)則的則需要專門記憶。其否定則在前面加not.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.A.beingknown B.havingbeenknown C.tobeknownD.known非謂語動詞的功用對比（一）作主語只有動詞不定式和V-ing形式可作主語。一般來說，這兩者作主語時可互換，但不定式作主語多表示將來或某種特定的情況，而V-ing作主語則通常表示一般情況。它們作主語時，謂語多用單數。為了平衡句子，通常把不定式作主語改為it作形式主語，即：It’s+名詞（形容詞）＋for(of)sb.+todosth.結構。Is________necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.it D.he_________aftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.A.Walking B.Towalk C.Thewalk D.Awalk(二)作表語非謂語動詞均可作表語。不定式作表語：不定式常用在系動詞be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表語，根據需要可用不定式的被動形式。Ourplanistofinishtheworkinthreeweeks.Wearetohelphimout.Havingatripaboardiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seenHeletmerepeathisinstruction_________surethatIunderstoodwhatwas_____afterhewentaway.A.tomake;tobedone B.making;doing C.tomake;todo D.making;todo2.V-ing形式和過去分詞作表語時總是放在連系動詞之后，構成系表結構，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。V-ing形式通常表示主動或進行，過去分詞則表示被動或完成。Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.Thestorysoundsinteresting.常用來V-ing形式或過去分詞作表語的動詞有：interest,move,discourage,amuse,astonish,frighten,excite,inspire,please,satisfy,tire,worry,surprise,bore,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,shock,invite等，通常修飾人用過去分詞，修飾物時則用V-ing形式。－I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.－Mm,itdoeshavea________smell.A.pleasant;pleased B,pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasantItisbelievedthatifabookis_____,itwillsurely________thereader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest(三)作賓語只有動詞不定式和V-ing形式才能作賓語，并均有其相應的被動形式和完成形式。不定式作賓語能直接接不定式作賓語的動詞有：offer,learn,plan,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,hope,decide,choose,refuse,manage,wish,want,expect,demand,determine,pretend等。Weagreed________here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemeet②動詞+疑問詞+不定式。這類動詞有：decide,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,see,think,understand,wonder等。I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expectsThemotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.who B.when C.how D.whatItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit.③不定式作介詞賓語。介詞expect/but之后接不定式時，如果介詞前有實義動詞do,則expect/but后接不帶to的不定式；反之，如果except/but前沒有實義動詞do，則不定式要帶to.Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews.ThemancandoeverythingbutspeakFrench.④有些動詞后既可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式作賓語，但含義不同：goondoingsth.繼續(xù)干同一件事;goontodosth接著去干另外一件事;stopdoingsth停止做某事;stoptodosth停下來去干某事;forgetdoingsth忘記已干了某事;forgettodosth忘記要干某事;rememberdoingsth記得已經干了某事;remembertodosth記住要干某事;trydoingsth試著干某事;trytodosth設法干某事;meandoingsth意味著做某事;meantodosth打算干某事;can’thelpdoingsth禁不住干某事;can’thelp(to)dosth不能幫助干某事;regretdoingsth后悔干了某事;regrettodosth因要做某事而遺憾等等。V-ing形式作賓語只能接V-ing形式作賓語的常用動詞有：admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,endure,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,risk,resist,suggest,keep等。動詞want,need,require,deserve等和形容詞worth后接V-ing形式的主動形式作賓語，表示被動關系，如接不定式時，則必須用被動形式。即：needdoing=needtobedone.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimproved C.where;improving D.when;improving以下短語中的to均為介詞，其后接名詞，代詞，V-ing形式作賓語，不能接動詞原形作賓語。它們是：getdownto;payattentionto;lookforwardto;stickto;turnto;beusedto(doingsth);prefer…to…;devoteoneselfto;seeto.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto______theflower-linedgarden.A.visit B.payingavisit C.walkin D.walkingin(四)作賓語補足語（主語補足語）非謂語動詞均可作賓語補足語。如果謂語動詞帶有非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，將句子變?yōu)楸粍泳浜?，其賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。不定式作賓語補足語①有些動詞可接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。這類動詞有:warn,ask,allow,permit,order,tell,advise,expect,wish,force,beg,invite,encourage,persuade等。MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter_________afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive②有些動詞可接不帶to的不定式用作賓語補足語。這類動詞有：使役動詞：have,make,let等和感官動詞see,hear,listento,lookat,watch,notice,observe,feel等。這類動詞用于被動語態(tài)后，用作主語補足語的不定式不能省略不定式符號to.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_____up.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrowJohnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashingV-ing形式和過去分詞作賓語補足語V-ing形式和過去分詞作賓語補足語意義不同，通常用在感官動詞或使役動詞或with+復合賓語結構中。其中過去分詞表示賓語的被動動作已完成，現在分詞則表示主動動作或動作正在進行。主要取決于賓語與動詞的關系，即主動用現在V-ing形式，被動關系用過去分詞。Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryoutThemissingboyswerelastseen_______neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplayAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked(五)作定語非謂語動詞均可作定語不定式作定語①被修飾的名詞是不定式的邏輯賓語時，不定式用主動形式。若不定式是不及物動詞，與所修飾的詞有意義上的動賓關系，其后應加一個適當的介詞。Aftersheconsideredtheproblem,shegotatallboxtostand_____.A.by B.on C.up D.withTherearefivepairs________,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosen B.tochoosefromC.tochoose D.forchoosing不定式可用在thefirst,thesecond以及thelast,theonly和最高級等后面作定語。ShelikestolistentoMr.Li’slessons,sosheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.過去分詞作定語過去分詞用來表示一個完成的或被動的動作。①通常單個的過去分詞作前置定語，過去分詞短語作后置定語。Developedcountries;acrowdedroom,illnesscausedbytheaccident;thephotostakeninthezoo.注意：有少數單個過去分詞，如left,given等，常作后置定語。Therewillonlybestandingroomleftforusnextcentury!Thebooksgivenarewellworthreading.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe______murderlastnight.A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted②及物動詞的過去分詞含有“完成”和“被動”的含義。Thebirdsshotbythehunterlayontheground.注意：并不一定每個及物動詞的過去分詞都表“完成”和“被動”兩種含義，有時可能只有其中一種含義。YourwrittenexercisesshouldbeturnedinbeforeFriday.(written只表被動)。Alargernumberofcarswerestoppedinthecrowdedstreet.(crowded只表示完成)。Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.beenbought D.buying過去分詞作定語可改為一個定語從句。如：boiledwater=waterwhich(that)wasboiledamixedgroup=agroupwhich(that)wasmixedThecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.A.open B.opening C.havingopened D.openedV-ing形式作定語V-ing形式作定語，具有形容詞的性質。一般說來，單個分詞作前置定語，分詞短語作后置定語。V-ing形式在含義上表主動或進行，也可表示經常性，習慣性的動作。Thecomingweek;thesleepingchildrenWeliveinaroomfacingthesouth.Mr.Smith,_____ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring(六)作狀語非謂語動詞均可用作狀語不定式作狀語不定式作狀語主要用來表示目的，有時也可以表示結果和原因。為了強調目的，有時可把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder或soas。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_________losehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoasto_________lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.HavingsleptV-ing形式狀語V-ing形式作狀語，相當于一個表示原因，時間，方式，條件，結果等的狀語從句。根據需要可用被動式或完成式。原因狀語Beingill,shecan’tgotoworktoday.時間狀語WhilewatchingTV,hefallsasleep.方式或伴隨狀語Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.條件狀語Beingprepared,weshallpassthetest.結果狀語Aletterhasjustcome,thusrelievinghimfromanxiety.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lacking D.lackedin_______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，表示它與主語之間是被動關系在，通?？杀硎驹?，時間，條件，讓步和伴隨等。原因狀語Inspiredbyherexample,theLeaguemembersworkedevenharder.時間狀語Oncepublished,thisbookwillbecomeabestseller.條件狀語United,westand;divided,wefall.讓步狀語Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.伴隨狀語Thescientistenteredthelab,followedbyhisassistants.Generallyspeaking,_______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentaking B.whentaken C.whentotake D.whentobetaken_______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Having B.Togive C.Giving D.GivenTheresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.havingbegun C.beginning D.begun(七)非謂語動詞使用注意事項不定式的用法注意下幾點：下列短語后接不帶to的不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot,cannothelpbut及ratherthan,otherthan等。Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando_________thanwait.A.more B.other C.better D.anyRatherthan________onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers________abicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;toride D.toride;riding②不定式to的內容的的省略：形容詞后不定式的省略，常用形容詞有：happy,glad,ready,eager,anxious等。─I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?─Notatall._______________.A.I’venotime B.I’drathernot C.I’dlikeit D.I’dbehappytob.賓語補足語、主語補足語中不定式的省略，常用動詞有：ask,tell,order,persuade,advise,wish,permit,allow等。Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donottoc.動詞后不定式的省略，常用動詞有：like,love,wish,mean,want,refuse,try,advise,persuade

等。─Willyougotothetheatre,MissBrown?─Sorry,____________.A.Iwant B.Idon’twantto C.I’mgladto D.I’dliked.在某些固定詞組，如：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beableto,begoingto等后也可省略不定式。─Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?─I_________,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.did2.V-ing形式和過去分詞作獨立成分英語中有幾個特殊的分詞可用作獨立成分，如given(that)意為“假設；如果；考慮到”；providing/provided(that)意為“假定”；supposing/suppose(that)意為“假如”；considering(that)意為“考慮到”；seeing(that)意為“既然”等。________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven3.非謂語動詞作狀語的句型結構非謂語動詞作狀語時，一是它相當于一個狀語從句，二是它邏輯上的主語必須和句子的主語一致。InordertoimproveEnglish,______________.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapes B.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfatherFindinghercarstolen,________________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp專項練習(1ACABB6CACAD11DDACC16BBADB21CAABB)1.Shepretended__mewhenIpassedby. A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen2.Haveyouhadthenurse___yourson'stemperature? Atotake BtakingCtake Dtaken3Idon'tthinkyouneed____today. AtoleaveBtobeleavingCleavingDbeingleft4Wehavebeenlookingforthegirlallthemorning,butsheisnowhere_____. Atosee Btobeseen Cbeingseen Dseen5Heshould___forwhathehasdone. Apraise BbepraisedChavepraisedDtobepraised6------Idon'tknow____withtheproblem.---Whynot____yourteacherforadvice? Awhattodo--toaskBhowtodo--toask Cwhattodo--ask Dhowtodo--ask7___thetruth,Idon'twanttogo. ATotellBTellCTellingDInordertotell8Howdothebirdsknowexactly____direction___? AwhichflyingBwhichtoflytoCinwhichtoflyD/flyingto9Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy___. AtoworkoutBtobeworkedtooutCinworkingoutDtobeworkedthemout10I'vebeenwaitingforhalfanhour____methephonecall.AtogiveBforyougivingCofyoutogiveDforyoutogive11_______,theletterwasposted. AWroteit BHavingwritten CWriting DHavingbeenwritten12_____himbefore,Ididn'trecognizehim. ANotseeingBHavingnotseenCNeverhavingseenDHavingneverseen13Ineedmybike________. ArepairedBrepairing Ctohaverepaired Dbeingrepaired14Heenteredthehouseandleftme____outside. Astand Btostand CstandingDtobestanding15Don'thavethewater____all