語(yǔ)法精講-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

語(yǔ)法精講－非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式對(duì)比（加下劃線的選項(xiàng)為正確答案）（一）不定式的基本形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：由“not+不定式”構(gòu)成。Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperatation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式：由“tobe+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：由“tobe+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。Whenhisfathercamein,hepretendedtobereading.動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式：由“tohave+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havegone動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式的被動(dòng)：由“tohave+been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Doletyourmotyherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.A.totell B.tobetold C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold(二)V-ing形式的基本形式1.V-ing形式的一般式由“動(dòng)詞＋ing”構(gòu)成，其被動(dòng)式“being+過(guò)去分詞”。Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught________andletheroff.A.tohavestolen B.tobestealing C.tosteal D.stealing2.V-ing形式的完成式由“having+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其被動(dòng)式為“having+been+過(guò)去分詞”。ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.added3.V-ing形式的否定式為“not+V-ing”。但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，其完成式的否定也可用“having+not+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。_________areplay,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.Receivingnot C.Nothavingreceived D.havingnotreceived(三)過(guò)去分詞的基本形式過(guò)去分詞由“規(guī)則動(dòng)詞＋ed”構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則的則需要專門記憶。其否定則在前面加not.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.A.beingknown B.havingbeenknown C.tobeknownD.known非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的功用對(duì)比（一）作主語(yǔ)只有動(dòng)詞不定式和V-ing形式可作主語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這兩者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換，但不定式作主語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)或某種特定的情況，而V-ing作主語(yǔ)則通常表示一般情況。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)。為了平衡句子，通常把不定式作主語(yǔ)改為it作形式主語(yǔ)，即：It’s+名詞（形容詞）＋for(of)sb.+todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。Is________necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.it D.he_________aftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.A.Walking B.Towalk C.Thewalk D.Awalk(二)作表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均可作表語(yǔ)。不定式作表語(yǔ)：不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)需要可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Ourplanistofinishtheworkinthreeweeks.Wearetohelphimout.Havingatripaboardiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seenHeletmerepeathisinstruction_________surethatIunderstoodwhatwas_____afterhewentaway.A.tomake;tobedone B.making;doing C.tomake;todo D.making;todo2.V-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)總是放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。V-ing形式通常表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)或完成。Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.Thestorysoundsinteresting.常用來(lái)V-ing形式或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：interest,move,discourage,amuse,astonish,frighten,excite,inspire,please,satisfy,tire,worry,surprise,bore,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,shock,invite等，通常修飾人用過(guò)去分詞，修飾物時(shí)則用V-ing形式。－I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.－Mm,itdoeshavea________smell.A.pleasant;pleased B,pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasantItisbelievedthatifabookis_____,itwillsurely________thereader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest(三)作賓語(yǔ)只有動(dòng)詞不定式和V-ing形式才能作賓語(yǔ)，并均有其相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式和完成形式。不定式作賓語(yǔ)能直接接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：offer,learn,plan,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,hope,decide,choose,refuse,manage,wish,want,expect,demand,determine,pretend等。Weagreed________here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemeet②動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有：decide,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,see,think,understand,wonder等。I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expectsThemotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.who B.when C.how D.whatItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit.③不定式作介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞expect/but之后接不定式時(shí)，如果介詞前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,則expect/but后接不帶to的不定式；反之，如果except/but前沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，則不定式要帶to.Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews.ThemancandoeverythingbutspeakFrench.④有些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同：goondoingsth.繼續(xù)干同一件事;goontodosth接著去干另外一件事;stopdoingsth停止做某事;stoptodosth停下來(lái)去干某事;forgetdoingsth忘記已干了某事;forgettodosth忘記要干某事;rememberdoingsth記得已經(jīng)干了某事;remembertodosth記住要干某事;trydoingsth試著干某事;trytodosth設(shè)法干某事;meandoingsth意味著做某事;meantodosth打算干某事;can’thelpdoingsth禁不住干某事;can’thelp(to)dosth不能幫助干某事;regretdoingsth后悔干了某事;regrettodosth因要做某事而遺憾等等。V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)只能接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞有：admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,endure,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,risk,resist,suggest,keep等。動(dòng)詞want,need,require,deserve等和形容詞worth后接V-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，如接不定式時(shí)，則必須用被動(dòng)形式。即：needdoing=needtobedone.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimproved C.where;improving D.when;improving以下短語(yǔ)中的to均為介詞，其后接名詞，代詞，V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，不能接動(dòng)詞原形作賓語(yǔ)。它們是：getdownto;payattentionto;lookforwardto;stickto;turnto;beusedto(doingsth);prefer…to…;devoteoneselfto;seeto.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto______theflower-linedgarden.A.visit B.payingavisit C.walkin D.walkingin(四)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，將句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句后，其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①有些動(dòng)詞可接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞有:warn,ask,allow,permit,order,tell,advise,expect,wish,force,beg,invite,encourage,persuade等。MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter_________afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive②有些動(dòng)詞可接不帶to的不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞有：使役動(dòng)詞：have,make,let等和感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,listento,lookat,watch,notice,observe,feel等。這類動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不能省略不定式符號(hào)to.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_____up.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrowJohnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashingV-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)V-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)意義不同，通常用在感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞或with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中。其中過(guò)去分詞表示賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已完成，現(xiàn)在分詞則表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。主要取決于賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在V-ing形式，被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryoutThemissingboyswerelastseen_______neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplayAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked(五)作定語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均可作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)①被修飾的名詞是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式。若不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，與所修飾的詞有意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其后應(yīng)加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Aftersheconsideredtheproblem,shegotatallboxtostand_____.A.by B.on C.up D.withTherearefivepairs________,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosen B.tochoosefromC.tochoose D.forchoosing不定式可用在thefirst,thesecond以及thelast,theonly和最高級(jí)等后面作定語(yǔ)。ShelikestolistentoMr.Li’slessons,sosheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞用來(lái)表示一個(gè)完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。①通常單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。Developedcountries;acrowdedroom,illnesscausedbytheaccident;thephotostakeninthezoo.注意：有少數(shù)單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，如left,given等，常作后置定語(yǔ)。Therewillonlybestandingroomleftforusnextcentury!Thebooksgivenarewellworthreading.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe______murderlastnight.A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted②及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞含有“完成”和“被動(dòng)”的含義。Thebirdsshotbythehunterlayontheground.注意：并不一定每個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞都表“完成”和“被動(dòng)”兩種含義，有時(shí)可能只有其中一種含義。YourwrittenexercisesshouldbeturnedinbeforeFriday.(written只表被動(dòng))。Alargernumberofcarswerestoppedinthecrowdedstreet.(crowded只表示完成)。Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.beenbought D.buying過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)可改為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：boiledwater=waterwhich(that)wasboiledamixedgroup=agroupwhich(that)wasmixedThecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.A.open B.opening C.havingopened D.openedV-ing形式作定語(yǔ)V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，單個(gè)分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。V-ing形式在含義上表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，也可表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Thecomingweek;thesleepingchildrenWeliveinaroomfacingthesouth.Mr.Smith,_____ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring(六)作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均可用作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)表示目的，有時(shí)也可以表示結(jié)果和原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder或soas。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_________losehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoasto_________lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.HavingsleptV-ing形式狀語(yǔ)V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因，時(shí)間，方式，條件，結(jié)果等的狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)需要可用被動(dòng)式或完成式。原因狀語(yǔ)Beingill,shecan’tgotoworktoday.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)WhilewatchingTV,hefallsasleep.方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.條件狀語(yǔ)Beingprepared,weshallpassthetest.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Aletterhasjustcome,thusrelievinghimfromanxiety.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lacking D.lackedin_______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系在，通?？杀硎驹颍瑫r(shí)間，條件，讓步和伴隨等。原因狀語(yǔ)Inspiredbyherexample,theLeaguemembersworkedevenharder.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Oncepublished,thisbookwillbecomeabestseller.條件狀語(yǔ)United,westand;divided,wefall.讓步狀語(yǔ)Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.伴隨狀語(yǔ)Thescientistenteredthelab,followedbyhisassistants.Generallyspeaking,_______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentaking B.whentaken C.whentotake D.whentobetaken_______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Having B.Togive C.Giving D.GivenTheresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.havingbegun C.beginning D.begun(七)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用注意事項(xiàng)不定式的用法注意下幾點(diǎn)：下列短語(yǔ)后接不帶to的不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot,cannothelpbut及ratherthan,otherthan等。Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando_________thanwait.A.more B.other C.better D.anyRatherthan________onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers________abicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;toride D.toride;riding②不定式to的內(nèi)容的的省略：形容詞后不定式的省略，常用形容詞有：happy,glad,ready,eager,anxious等。─I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?─Notatall._______________.A.I’venotime B.I’drathernot C.I’dlikeit D.I’dbehappytob.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中不定式的省略，常用動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,order,persuade,advise,wish,permit,allow等。Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donottoc.動(dòng)詞后不定式的省略，常用動(dòng)詞有：like,love,wish,mean,want,refuse,try,advise,persuade

等。─Willyougotothetheatre,MissBrown?─Sorry,____________.A.Iwant B.Idon’twantto C.I’mgladto D.I’dliked.在某些固定詞組，如：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beableto,begoingto等后也可省略不定式。─Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?─I_________,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.did2.V-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作獨(dú)立成分英語(yǔ)中有幾個(gè)特殊的分詞可用作獨(dú)立成分，如given(that)意為“假設(shè)；如果；考慮到”；providing/provided(that)意為“假定”；supposing/suppose(that)意為“假如”；considering(that)意為“考慮到”；seeing(that)意為“既然”等。________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一是它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，二是它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。InordertoimproveEnglish,______________.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapes B.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfatherFindinghercarstolen,________________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(1ACABB6CACAD11DDACC16BBADB21CAABB)1.Shepretended__mewhenIpassedby. A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen2.Haveyouhadthenurse___yourson'stemperature? Atotake BtakingCtake Dtaken3Idon'tthinkyouneed____today. AtoleaveBtobeleavingCleavingDbeingleft4Wehavebeenlookingforthegirlallthemorning,butsheisnowhere_____. Atosee Btobeseen Cbeingseen Dseen5Heshould___forwhathehasdone. Apraise BbepraisedChavepraisedDtobepraised6------Idon'tknow____withtheproblem.---Whynot____yourteacherforadvice? Awhattodo--toaskBhowtodo--toask Cwhattodo--ask Dhowtodo--ask7___thetruth,Idon'twanttogo. ATotellBTellCTellingDInordertotell8Howdothebirdsknowexactly____direction___? AwhichflyingBwhichtoflytoCinwhichtoflyD/flyingto9Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy___. AtoworkoutBtobeworkedtooutCinworkingoutDtobeworkedthemout10I'vebeenwaitingforhalfanhour____methephonecall.AtogiveBforyougivingCofyoutogiveDforyoutogive11_______,theletterwasposted. AWroteit BHavingwritten CWriting DHavingbeenwritten12_____himbefore,Ididn'trecognizehim. ANotseeingBHavingnotseenCNeverhavingseenDHavingneverseen13Ineedmybike________. ArepairedBrepairing Ctohaverepaired Dbeingrepaired14Heenteredthehouseandleftme____outside. Astand Btostand CstandingDtobestanding15Don'thavethewater____all