語法重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語氣講義

語法重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)---虛擬語氣既定模式中的虛擬語氣：A.由if構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣:If引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件句,含義為”如果/假如…”(在賓語從句中=whether”是否”時(shí)除外)可以用來表示兩種條件:可實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)條件(這種假設(shè)只可發(fā)生在將來,即:說話之后),此時(shí),if從句被稱為:真實(shí)條件句,其引導(dǎo)的主從句的時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:if+SA+P(僅用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或am/is/aregoingtodo;am/is/aretodo=want/plantodo),SB+P(一般現(xiàn)在/一般將來)(2)不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)條件,即,虛擬條件.這種假設(shè)可以針對:現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)及目前階段);過去(說話前)及將來.但都無法實(shí)現(xiàn).此時(shí),if從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下表所示:假設(shè)情況If從句中的動(dòng)詞形式主句中的動(dòng)詞形式對現(xiàn)在S+P(一般過去時(shí)/be動(dòng)詞常用were)S+P(would/should/could/might+be…/dosth/bedone)對過去S+P(過去完成時(shí):hadbeen…/haddonesth/hadbeendoneS+P(would/should/could/might+havebeen/done)對將來S+P:(1)一般過去weretodoshouldbe…/dosthS+Pwould/should/could/might+be…/dosth例:Ifthey_________(get)tothebookingofficeearlier,theywouldhavegotsometickets.Ifyou__________(make)thesamemistakelater,youwouldbepunished.Ifthedoctor____________(send)forwithoutdelay,theboywouldstillbealive.Ifhe______________(receive)threemorevotes,hewouldbeourprincipalnow.掌握方法:判斷if從句是真實(shí)還是虛擬句判斷所假設(shè)的的情況的所在時(shí)間區(qū)域背熟主,從句的時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)關(guān)系記憶技巧:條件句中的時(shí)態(tài)比虛擬情況早一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)!B.用wish或ifonly引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句表示一種無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:要是…就好了/旦愿…從句時(shí)態(tài)變化如下現(xiàn)在無法實(shí)現(xiàn)過去無法實(shí)現(xiàn)將來無法實(shí)現(xiàn)(sb)wish(that)ifonlyS+P(一般過去時(shí))be動(dòng)詞常用wereS+P(過去完成時(shí))S+P:wouldcould/might+be…/dosth/bedone注意:wish與hope的區(qū)別:hopethat從句表示一個(gè)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望hope不可用于:hopesb+sth(祝福語)的表達(dá)!二.特定詞匯后面的虛擬語氣:A.特定動(dòng)詞后面的that從句中的非假設(shè)性虛擬:建議suggestadviserecommend(that)S+(should)+be…do…bedone命令ordercommand同上請求demanddesirerequestrequireinsisturge同上注意:(1)當(dāng)suggest的主語為sth時(shí),其含義為暗示/表明;后面的從句用正常形式(2)當(dāng)insist的含義為:堅(jiān)持說/堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為/堅(jiān)持表白時(shí),后面的從句用正常形式B.特定名詞后面的that從句(同位語從句)中的非假設(shè)性虛擬:建議suggestionadvicerecommendationthatS+(should)+be…do…bedone命令ordercommand同上請求demanddesirerequestrequirement同上C.特定形容詞后面的that從句中的非假設(shè)性虛擬:It+is(be)importantstrangenecessaryessentialdesirablenaturalthatS+(should)+be…do…bedone三.固定句式中that從句后的虛擬語氣:A.Itis(high,right)time(that)+S+P(一般過去時(shí)/shouldbe…/do…;should不可省)Itistime(that)you________(go)tobed.B.(1)sbAwouldrathersbB+P(一般過去):對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r;A希望/旦愿B(現(xiàn)在/將)…就好了.I’dratherhe________(be)presentatthis/tomorrow’sconference.(2)sbAwouldrathersbB+P(過去完成時(shí)):對過去情況;A希望/旦愿B那時(shí)/曾…就好了.I’dratheryou_________(pass)thatdifficultexam.四.到裝虛擬式:當(dāng)if條件句中為:IfS+P(were/haddone/shoulddosth)時(shí)可變?yōu)?Were/Had/Should+S+P(適當(dāng)形式)…,主句不變Ifitweresummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.=Wereitsummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.Ifhehadcometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.=Hadhecometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tgo.=WereIyou,Iwouldn’tgo.IfheshouldbeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.=ShouldhebeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.二.非既定模式中的虛擬語氣:Butforsb/sthA,SB+P(虛擬式)=IfitbenotbecauseofA/iftherebenoA,…如果要不是因?yàn)锳/要是沒有A,B就…(SB后面的虛擬形式要根據(jù)A的假設(shè)情況而定)Butfortheheavyrainyesterday,we_____________(notstay)athome.Butforhisgreateffort,he__________(notpass)theexamsoeasily.1.)Withoutsb/sthA,SB+P…如果沒有A,B就…2.)Withsb/sthA,SB+P…如果有A,B就…注意:由于without…,with…可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if從句的功能,因此,解題時(shí)應(yīng)首先讀出其相當(dāng)于一個(gè)真實(shí)條件句還是虛擬條件句,再確定SB后面的謂語形式.Withoutthepills,you____________(have)anothersleeplessnight.Withoutthepills,you____________(have)suchagoodsleep.Withthefurtherdevelopmentofmodernagriculture,consumers_________(supply)withmoregreenfood.Withapairofwingslikeabird,you________(fly)inthesky.C.(1.)SA+P(一般過去),+or/otherwise+SB+P(would/should/could/mighthavedone)Iwasbusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavejoinedyouinthepicnic.(2.)SA+P(would/should/could/mightdo)+but+SB+P(一般現(xiàn)在)IwouldhelpyoubutIambusy.(3.)SA+P(would/should/could/mighthavedone)+but+SB+P(一般過去)IwouldhavehelpedyoubutIwasbusy.A.鞏固練習(xí):Justnowhemadethesuggestionthatwe_______(carry)onthetalkinFrench.Itisnecessarythatyou_________(ask)othersforadviceontheworkplan.I___________(manage)thedesignwithoutyourencouragement.They_________(attend)theconcertlastnight,buttheyweretoobusy.Shewishedsincerelythatshe________(do)somethingtocomfortherhusband,whoisstilloutofwork.Ifonlyhe________(have)thecouragetoenterthehouse.Orhewouldhavefounditthere.Indifferentcircumstances,I_________(agree)Ifhe_________(receive)threemorevotes,hewouldbeourheadmaster.Itisstillfreshinmymemoryasthoughit_______(be)tonight.Ithinkit’shightimethatshe______(make)uphermind.Ifit_________(notbe)fortherain,wewouldhavehadagoodharvest.______(be)sheincharge,shewoulddothingsdifferently.I’dratheryou__________(notopen)thewindow,foritisalittlecold.Ourworldwouldbemuchbetterifthere________(be)nowaratall.Thecustomerwalkedslowlyforfearthatthevase_______(slip)fromherhandsandbreak.B.檢測練習(xí):Itisdesirablethatco-operationbetweencountries______aslongaspossible.keepsB.couldbekeptC.bekeptD.mustbekeptTheGeneralsecretaryoftheU.Norderedthatpeace-keepingtroops_____toIraqimmediately.A.wassentB.wouldbesentC.shouldsendD.besentIfI_____somuchworktodothisweekend,I____withyouforaholiday.hadn’tgot,goB.wouldn’thave,wentC.didn’thave,wouldgoD.didn’thave,went4.Everything_____ifMr.Blackhadn’tcalledthefiredepartmentimmediatelyafterthefirebrokeout.A.woulddestroyB.wouldhavedestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyedHefeltlonelyandsadasifthewholeworld_____againsthim.A.turnsB.hasturnedC.isturningD.hadturnedHewasinpovertyatthattime.______,hewouldn’thaveacceptedthemoney.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.ThenIfonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsufferedsomuchnow.A.liesB.hadlainC.layD.shouldlieIthasbeenrecommendedthatmoretrees____nbigcitiestopurifytheair.willbeplantedB.beplantedC.areplantedD.aretobeplanted9．_____suchastudentasTomveryoften,Iwouldalwaysbeingreattrouble.IfIamtomeetB.WereItomeetC.WasItomeetD.IfImeet10.Thefineweathersuggeststhatthere____agoodharvest.A.shouldbeB.beC.isD.willbe11.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You_____come,butwhydidn’tyou?musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave12.---DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?---_______.I’dratheryoudidn’tactually.B.Ofcoursenot.It’snotallowedhere.Great!Ilovepets.D.No,youcan’t13.Whatwouldhavehappened_____,asfarastheriverbank?BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther14.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall15._____besentthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldDoyousuggestwhoshouldD.DoyousuggestwhomshouldHetalkedasifhe____foryears.islivingthereB.waslivingthereC.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthereTheofficerorderedthateverybody____partinthecampaign.takeB.takesC.tookD.willtakeHekepthishead,otherwisetheaccident_____.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.werehappeningD.wouldhavehappenedTheperformanceintheopenairwouldhavebeencalledoff____it__