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考點(diǎn)05非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(核心考點(diǎn)精講精練)【近年真題考點(diǎn)分布】高考考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2023上海秋考HisnamewasMosi,meaning"smoke"inhisnativetongue.Hehadcomealongway(22)_____(watch)overhiskingdom,(23)_____(assume)thethrone(王權(quán))atayoungage.ThepeopleofthekingdomadmiredKingMosi'swisdom.Theywouldremain(27)_________(seat)forhours,listeningtohiswisewordsandlearningfromhisjudgments.【答案】22.towatch23.assuming27.seated【詳解】22,towatch【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)為Hehadcome判定空格處為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)句意判定,該空所在的位置需要填入動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),表示“他走過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)的路來(lái)監(jiān)視他的王國(guó)”,因此填towatch。23.assuming【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前的句子的謂語(yǔ)是hadcome,且空格的提示動(dòng)詞前有逗號(hào),判定此處為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意該空需要填入一個(gè)非調(diào)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)He的行為,同時(shí)這個(gè)行為與主句中的hadcomealongway是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞assuming,表示伴隨。27.seated【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞或動(dòng)詞的故去分詞作表語(yǔ),“remain+過(guò)去分詞"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某種狀態(tài)”,而seated是seat的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞,意為“坐著的”,故此處填入seated。2023上海春考(21)__________(originate)intheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theideaofYoungEnterprisewasintroducedintoBritainbyasuccessfulbanker.Butitisusuallypossible(24)__________(include)youngpeopleinthesameagegroupwhohaveleftschoolbuthavenotyetstartedwork.ASponsor,(29)______(reward)onlybythesuccessoftheenterpriseof"its"Achievers,isanorganizationwhichparticipatesinYoungEnterpriseand,atitsownexpense,providesfacilitiesbymakingavailablecommunications,adviceandencouragement.【答案】21.Originating24.toinclude29.rewarded【詳解】Originating考查現(xiàn)在分詞"originate"是“起源于……”,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,修飾"theideaofYoungEnterprise",表示YoungEnterprise的想法起源于美國(guó)。24.toinclude考查動(dòng)詞不定式。"toinclude"根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),空格前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is。判定此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而且結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)Itis加形容詞加todosomething.故填入動(dòng)詞不定式toinclude.句意:但通??梢詫⑼荒挲g段的年輕人包括在內(nèi),他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)學(xué)校,但尚未開(kāi)始工作。29.rewarded考查過(guò)去分詞。"rewarded"是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾"Sponsor",表示"被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)"。根據(jù)原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境判斷。2022上海秋考Interviewingentrepreneursmightprovideinsightintothestepstheytook(22)________(achieve)success.Hereistheinterviewofentrepreneur-relatedquestions,andyouwillfindmorepreparationsforit.Supposeabusinessideadoesnotcenteronproducingaproductthatfillsagapinthe(25)______(exist)market.Inthatcase,itmostoftencentersonapplyingtechnicaladvancementstosimplifytheprocessofobtainingaproductorservice.Itnecessitatesaworkstyle(29)________(characterize)bymultitaskingandplanningforthefirm'sshortandlongtermgoals.【答案】22toachieve25.existing29characterized【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),企業(yè)家所采取的步驟是為了獲得成功,所以這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。而且根據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞mightprovide判定空格處的動(dòng)詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故填入toachieve。句意:采訪企業(yè)家可能會(huì)讓你了解他們?nèi)〉贸晒λ扇〉牟襟E。25.existing【解析】考查先分詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用形容間修飾名詞market,而且從句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doesnotcenter也推測(cè)空格處動(dòng)詞需要填寫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故填入existing(現(xiàn)存的,現(xiàn)行的)。句意:假設(shè)一個(gè)商業(yè)想法的中心不是生產(chǎn)填補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)空白的產(chǎn)品。29.characterized【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),根據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞necessitates判定空格處的提示動(dòng)詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),而且由"by”可知,此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞修飾名詞詞組aworkstyle,此處實(shí)際上是一個(gè)定酒從句.whichischaracterizedbymultitaskingandplanning:省略了whichis,故填入characterized。句意:它需要種多任務(wù)處理和為公司的短期和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)規(guī)劃的工作風(fēng)格。2022上海春考Thelightmovedacrossthesky,(21)___________(come)andgoing,likecloudsinastrongwindintheUnitedStates,......Whydoestheaurorahappen?AndwhycanweonlyseeitatthetoporbottomoftheearthTheauroraismadebysomething(25)__________(call)the‘'solarwind’(windfromthesun).........Alaskaisagoodplace(28)________(see)theauuroraborealis,andyoucanalsogotoplaceslikeIceland,Siberia,thenorthofGreenland,Norway,Sweden,.....【答案】21.coming25.called28.tosee【解析】21.coming[解析]考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),空格處提示動(dòng)詞與“going”并列,所以形式應(yīng)保持一致,所以填入coming。句意:光在天空中移動(dòng),來(lái)來(lái)去去,就像強(qiáng)風(fēng)中的云。25.called[解析]考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ismade,判定空格處的動(dòng)詞為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),而且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾something,故填入called。句意:極光是由一種叫做“太陽(yáng)風(fēng)來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的風(fēng))的東西產(chǎn)生的。28.tosee[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is判定空格處提示動(dòng)詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),而此處考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名詞+to+do+sth.),故填入tosee句意:阿拉斯加是觀賞北極光的好地方。【思維導(dǎo)圖】【知識(shí)梳理】考點(diǎn)一:不定式用法1.構(gòu)成一般式todo/被動(dòng)tobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone/被動(dòng)tohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing1.Tocatchthetrain,we'dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.2.Imeanttohavefinishedmyworklastnight,butIdidn'tfeelverywell.3.Ithasbeenanhonorformetohavebeeninvitedtoyourcountry.4.IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.注意①seem;appear;besaid;besupposed;bebelieved;bethought;beknown;bereported等動(dòng)詞常用不定式。注意②expect/hope/intend/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成時(shí),表示“過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望”。也可以用這類動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)“原打算、原以為”之意思。如:Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我原想來(lái)拜訪你,但沒(méi)來(lái)成。Iexpectedtohavemethimherelastnight.我以為昨晚能在這里見(jiàn)到他。Ihadhopedtomeethimattherailwaystation,buthedidn'tturnup.我本希望在火車站接到他但他未露面。2.用法Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.(主語(yǔ)/形式主語(yǔ))Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.(賓語(yǔ))Ifeelitagreathonortobeinvitedtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.(形式賓語(yǔ))Hiswishistobecomeanastronaut.(表語(yǔ))OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.(定語(yǔ))Sheraisedhervoicetobeheardwell.(狀語(yǔ))Theteacherencouragedthestudentstotakeactivepartinsomeoutdooractivities.考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)名詞用法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten★必背動(dòng)詞admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免forbid禁止consider考慮delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)練recall回憶propose建議resume繼續(xù)ban禁止risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議keep繼續(xù)include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕recommend推薦advise建議involve涉及mention提及resist抵制permit默許allow允許★必背句型Thechildrenarebusy(in)doingtheirhomework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.這曲子很值得多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆椤avingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.考點(diǎn)三:分詞用法現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenThechildstandingoverthereismybrother.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceptionwereoldfriends.Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidn’twanttogotothecinema.(2024年嘉定區(qū)二模)_____23_____(feel)mywayinthedarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneandturnedontheflashlight.AsIsteppedoutofmybedroom,waterwasshootingthroughthegapsofthegardendoor.Ibegantopanic.Inbarefeetandwithmyshorts_____26_____(glue)tomybody,Istartedtowalktomyonlyescape:thedoorthatleadsupstairs.Imanagedtomakeagapofaboutafoot,justwideenough_____28_____(force)myselfthrough.Finally,Imadeitoutside.【答案】23.Feeling26.glued28.toforce【23題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在黑暗中摸索著前進(jìn),我抓起手機(jī),打開(kāi)手電筒。此處feel與邏輯主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),首字母大寫。故填Feeling?!?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:光著腳,短褲粘在身上,我開(kāi)始走向唯一的逃生之路:通往樓上的門。此處shorts與glue為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填glued?!?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我用它撬開(kāi)了門,設(shè)法開(kāi)了一個(gè)大約一英尺的缺口,剛好能勉強(qiáng)自己通過(guò)。此處為短語(yǔ)enoughtodosth.表示“足以做某事”。故填toforce。(2024年金山區(qū)二模)TheresearchemployedancientDNAdata___22___(explore)humanmigrationalongtheHexiCorridor.TheHexiCorridor,wasanarrowyetcruciallink___23___(connect)theheartlandofancientChinatotheWesternTerritory.Characterizedbyitsloftymountainsanddeserts,theancientpathwaywasdottedwithcities___24___(found)alongshortrivers.【答案】22.toexplore23.connecting24.founded【22題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:該研究利用古代DNA數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)探索河西走廊沿線的人類遷徙。短語(yǔ)employsth.todosth.表示“利用某物做某事”。故填toexplore?!?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:河西走廊是連接古代中國(guó)中心地帶和西域的一條狹窄而重要的通道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知connect與link構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填connecting?!?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這條古老的古道以高山和沙漠為特征,沿著短河流點(diǎn)綴著城市。此處cities與found構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填founded。(2024年靜安區(qū)二模)Themusiccontainedmanymarksoftraditionalclassicalmusic,butasitbegan,theinstrumentsstartedtomakeloud,roughsoundsmorecommonly___1___(hear)inchickencoopsthaninanauditorium.Theearlystagesofcompositionwerespent___7___(test)outwhichinstrumentsandsoundsthechickensrespondedtobest.“Theydidn’tlikeanybigbanging,”Bostocksaid,addingthatwhenthebirdsrespondpositivelytothemusic,theytend___8___(wander)fartheramongthetrees.Bostocknowhopeschickenfarmersaroundtheworldwillusethepieceofmusictocalmtheirownbirds.【答案】1.heard7.testing8.towander【1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:音樂(lè)中包含了許多傳統(tǒng)古典音樂(lè)的痕跡,但隨著音樂(lè)的開(kāi)始,樂(lè)器開(kāi)始發(fā)出響亮而粗糙的聲音,這種聲音更常見(jiàn)于雞舍而不是禮堂。分析句子可知,sounds為名詞,空處修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),sounds與hear構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填heard?!?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:作曲的早期階段是用來(lái)測(cè)試雞對(duì)哪種樂(lè)器和聲音反應(yīng)最好。spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定短語(yǔ),空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填testing?!?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:博斯托克說(shuō):“它們不喜歡大的撞擊聲。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō),當(dāng)鳥兒對(duì)音樂(lè)做出積極反應(yīng)時(shí),它們往往會(huì)在樹(shù)林里飛得更遠(yuǎn)。tendtodo意思為:往往,傾向于做,空處用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填towander。(2024年浦東新區(qū)二模)Asthewaterfallwetmyjacket,Iclosedmyeyesandtookoutmyphone_____2_____(record)therushofdreamyrealitybeforeme.Ihadcomeinsearchofasound,notasight.Throughoutmytravels,I’vefoundmyself_____3_____(collect)soundrecordingsthewayotherpeoplecollectsouvenirs.【答案】2.torecord3.collecting【2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:瀑布淋濕了我的夾克,我閉上眼睛,拿出手機(jī)記錄下眼前的夢(mèng)幻現(xiàn)實(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意,這里應(yīng)用不定式,作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填torecord。【3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在我的旅行中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己像其他人收集紀(jì)念品一樣收集錄音。findsb.doingsth.意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事”,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填collecting。(2024年普陀區(qū)二模)ResearcherswhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglishcanspendaroundtwiceaslongreadinganEnglishscientificjournalarticleasnativespeakers.ForaPhDstudent,thatcanmean___21___(spend)upto19additionalworkingdaysperyearjustreadingpapers.Thesestatistics,___22___(publish)todayinPLOSBiology,mightnotbeshocking,researcherssay,butit’simportanttomeasuretheeffectsoflanguagebarriersonthecareersofacademics___23(who)___arenotfluentinEnglish.“Itisthefirststepforthescientificcommunity___24___(make)moreeffortstosolvethisproblem”,saysTatsuyaAmano,abiodiversityresearcherattheUniversityofQueenslandinBrisbane,Australia,andaco-authorofthestudy.【答案】21.spending22.published24.tomake【21題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:對(duì)于一名博士生來(lái)說(shuō),這可能意味著每年要多花19個(gè)工作日來(lái)閱讀論文。固定短語(yǔ)meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”,動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填spending?!?2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:研究人員說(shuō),今天發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館·生物學(xué)》上的這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可能并不令人震驚,但衡量語(yǔ)言障礙對(duì)英語(yǔ)不流利的學(xué)者的職業(yè)生涯的影響是很重要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,publish與statistics構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞,作定語(yǔ)。故填published。【24題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:澳大利亞布里斯班昆士蘭大學(xué)的生物多樣性研究員、該研究的合著者TatsuyaAmano說(shuō):“這是科學(xué)界為解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題付出更多努力的第一步?!贝颂幟~step由序數(shù)詞修飾,常跟動(dòng)詞不定式,作后置定語(yǔ)。故填tomake。(2023·上海靜安·統(tǒng)考二模)Theyarediscoveringthatlearningiseasier,quickerwiththebodymovements____2____(involve).Itmeansthat____7____(encourage)childrentothinkandlearninapurelyabstractwaymightactuallymakelessonsharderforthemtounderstandandremember.【答案】2.involved7.encouraging2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:他們發(fā)現(xiàn),通過(guò)肢體動(dòng)作,學(xué)習(xí)變得更容易、更快。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),且involve與bodymovements構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填involved。7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這意味著,鼓勵(lì)孩子以純粹抽象的方式思考和學(xué)習(xí),實(shí)際上可能會(huì)讓他們更難理解和記住課程。作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),表示一般性的行為,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填encouraging。(2023·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考二模)AccordingtoDobek’design,theMarsStorageStation(MSS)willbebuilt___16___(accommodate)theneedforsufficientsupplies.Roomswithcircularceilingsallowastronautstowatch___18___(download)showsandevenseeplacesonEarth,suchastheirhomes.【答案】16.toaccommodate18.downloaded16.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)Dobek的設(shè)計(jì),火星儲(chǔ)存站(MSS)的建造將滿足充足供應(yīng)的需要。此處accommodate作目的狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用不定式。故填toaccommodate。18.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:有圓形天花板的房間可以讓宇航員觀看下載的節(jié)目,甚至可以看到地球上的地方,比如他們的家。修飾后文名詞shows應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞downloaded,作定語(yǔ)。故填downloaded。(2023·上海青浦·統(tǒng)考二模)Theflowerisaneighbortoa(n)___24___(relate)orchidspeciescommoninJapan.ProfessorSuetsugusaidheandhiscolleagueswere“delighted___28___(identify)anewspecies”.Weneedtoprotectnaturalenvironmentstostopflowers___29___(disappear).【答案】24.related28.tohaveidentified29.disappearing24.考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:這種花是日本常見(jiàn)的一種相關(guān)蘭花的鄰居。空格處過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)為用形容詞作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞orchidspecies,relate的過(guò)去分詞詞是related,意為“相關(guān)的”,故填related。28.考查不定式。句意:Suetsugu教授說(shuō),他和他的同事“很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新物種”。bedelightedtodo是固定短語(yǔ),意為“很高興做某事”,此處表示“很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新物種”,因此空格處用不定式的完成式,即tohavedone,故填tohaveidentified。29.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:我們需要保護(hù)自然環(huán)境,防止花朵消失。stopsb.(from)doing是固定短語(yǔ),意為“阻止某人做某事”,因此空格處用動(dòng)名詞,故填disappearing。(2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考二模)Justlikeinthemovie,mostcatfishingcheatsstartwiththecatfish___34___(try)tosweettalktheirvictimintofallinginlovewiththem.Why?Thereareavarietyofreasonspeoplecatfish.Somecatfishattempt___35___(charm)theirvictimintotrustingthem,andthenaskthemformoney.Butinsomesituations,catfisharejustlonelypeople,___37___(dissatisfy)withtheirlivesandusingsocialmediatoliveinanalternatereality.【答案】34.trying35.tocharm37.dissatisfied34.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:就像電影里一樣,大多數(shù)Catfishing欺騙都是從誘餌試圖用甜言蜜語(yǔ)讓受害者愛(ài)上自己開(kāi)始的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞start,所以try應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式,和邏輯主語(yǔ)catfish是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)名詞的一般式和catfish構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作startwith的賓語(yǔ)。故填trying。35.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:有些誘餌試圖誘使受害者相信自己,然后向他們要錢。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查固定搭配:attempttodo意為“嘗試做……”。故填tocharm。37.考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:但在某些情況下,誘餌只是孤獨(dú)的人,對(duì)自己的生活不滿意,利用社交媒體生活在另一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)中。bedissatisfiedwith“對(duì)……不滿”是固定短語(yǔ),此處省略be,用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填dissatisfied。(2023·上海松江·統(tǒng)考二模)Ihavefoundthatthesubscription-basedappSweatandCentrhasgood,shortroutinesandclearinstructions___44___(improve)yourform.TherearecountlesspersonaltrainersandyogainstructorsontheInternetwhohavebeengivingfreeclassestopeople___45___(stick)athome.【答案】44.toimprove/improving45.stuck44.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)基于訂閱的應(yīng)用Sweatandcenter有很好的、簡(jiǎn)短的程序和明確的指導(dǎo)來(lái)改善你的姿勢(shì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),improve與shortroutinesandclearinstructions之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作可以使用不定式形式;也可用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填toimprove/improving。45.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:網(wǎng)上有無(wú)數(shù)的私人教練和瑜伽教練為困在家里的人提供免費(fèi)課程。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),stick與people之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,使用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填stuck。(2023·上海閔行·統(tǒng)考二模)Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechance___53___(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers___54___(raise)inspace.【答案】53.totaste54.raised53.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:自2015年以來(lái),宇航員已經(jīng)在空間站成功種植了十種不同的作物,并有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗每一種。名詞chance后跟不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填totaste。54.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:周五,國(guó)際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個(gè)派對(duì),慶祝收獲了第一批在太空種植的辣椒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知raise與邏輯主語(yǔ)thefirstchilipeppers構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表被動(dòng)和完成。故填raised。(2023·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模)Althoughitisuptothereader____66____(grasp)exactlywhatthatemotionis,it’sausefulsignal.Perhapsthisisbecausetheyseemshoutyandforced,____69____(give)awayawriter’sneedtotellthereaderhowtoreadasentence.【答案】66.tograsp69.giving66.考查固定句型。句意:盡管這種情緒是什么取決于讀者,但它是一個(gè)有用的信號(hào)。分析句子可知,此處為固定句型It’suptosbtodosth“由某人決定去做某事”,滿足句意要求。故填tograsp。69.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:也許這是因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)很吵,很勉強(qiáng),暴露出作者需要告訴讀者如何閱讀一個(gè)句子。分析句子可知,此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),giveaway和邏輯主語(yǔ)this為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填giving。(2023·上海嘉定·統(tǒng)考二模)Soitwasbittersweettohearmyfather’syouthfulwords___77___(read)aloudbymyelderlymotherwithasadtone.Idon’twanttoenterherheart’smostsacredplaceuninvitedunlessshewishes____81____(listen)to.Butshehasassuredmethatonedayshewillsharethemwithme.【答案】77.read81.tobelistened77.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:所以,當(dāng)我年邁的母親用悲傷的語(yǔ)調(diào)大聲朗讀父親年輕時(shí)的話語(yǔ)時(shí),我感到苦樂(lè)參半。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為“hear+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),read與賓語(yǔ)myfather’syouthfulwords之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填read。81.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我不想不請(qǐng)自來(lái)就進(jìn)入她心中最神圣的地方除非她希望被傾聽(tīng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),根據(jù)固定用法wishtodosth.可知,此處應(yīng)為不定式形式,且listento與句子主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)為不定式的被動(dòng)形式。故填tobelistened。(2023·上海金山·統(tǒng)考二模)MillionsofpeoplehaveusedChatGPTsinceit_____82_____(launch)inNovember2022.Popularrequestsforitincludewritingsongs,poems,marketingcopy,computercode,andhelpingwithhomework,【答案】82.waslaunched82.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:自2022年11月ChatGPT推出以來(lái),已有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人使用它。設(shè)空處在since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為inNovember2022,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),launch與邏輯主語(yǔ)it之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),助動(dòng)詞為was。故填waslaunched。(2023·上海金山·統(tǒng)考二模)ChatGPTanswersquestions_____84_____(employ)naturalhuman-likelanguage,anditcanalsoimitateotherwritingstylessuchassongwritersandauthors,usingtheInternetasitsknowledgedatabase.Thereareconcernsthatitcouldonedaytakeovermanyjobscurrently_____85_____(do)byhumans.OpenAIalsoannouncednewpartnershipswithlanguagelearningappDuolingoandBeMyEyes,anapplicationforthevisuallyimpaired,_____91_____(create)AIChatbotswhichcanassisttheirusersusingnaturallanguage.【答案】84.employing85.beingdone/done91.tocreate84.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:ChatGPT使用自然的類人語(yǔ)言回答問(wèn)題,它還可以模仿其他寫作風(fēng)格,如詞曲作者和作家,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為其知識(shí)庫(kù)。句子謂語(yǔ)為answers,設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,employ與邏輯主語(yǔ)ChatGPT之間為主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語(yǔ)。故填employing。85.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:有人擔(dān)心,有一天它可能會(huì)取代目前由人類完成的許多工作。此處考查manyjobs的后置定語(yǔ),do與邏輯主語(yǔ)manyjobs之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),設(shè)空處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞done,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)currently,也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示正在被進(jìn)行,故填done/beingdone。91.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:OpenAI還宣布與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用多鄰國(guó)(Duolingo)和面向視障人士的應(yīng)用BeMyEyes建立新的合作伙伴關(guān)系,以創(chuàng)建可以使用自然語(yǔ)言幫助用戶的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人。句子的謂語(yǔ)為announced,設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tocreate。(2023·上海虹口·統(tǒng)考二模)I’vefoundthat____92____(listen)backtotheserecordings,I’mabletorecalleachplaceandmomentinadifferentwaythanIcanbyscrollingthroughimages.Whenwereceiveinformationandencodeit,itisfairlyshort-terminnature;butwhen____95____(store),itbecomeslong-termmemory.Itallowsus____97____(transport)ourselvesbackandforwardintime,acrossspaces,”Giordanosaid.【答案】92.listening95.stored97.totransport92.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn),聽(tīng)這些錄音,我能以不同于滾動(dòng)圖像的方式回憶每個(gè)地點(diǎn)和時(shí)刻。動(dòng)詞listen和邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),故填listening。95.考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:當(dāng)我們接收信息并對(duì)其進(jìn)行編碼時(shí),它本質(zhì)上是相當(dāng)短期的;但一旦儲(chǔ)存起來(lái),它就變成了長(zhǎng)期記憶。此處是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略,從句的主語(yǔ)是information,和動(dòng)詞store之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,句子是描述一個(gè)事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),完整形式是whenit(theinformation)isstored,當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致,且從句含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略,故填stored。97.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:“它能讓我們穿越時(shí)空,在時(shí)間中穿梭,”Giordano說(shuō)。allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事,故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填totransport。(2023·上海崇明·統(tǒng)考二模)“It’slike__104__(add)bellsandwhistlestotea,givingpeopleastrongersenseofoccasion,sodrinkingteaismorefun,”Hansays.It’salsohisintentiontobringtheoldritualbacktomodernlifeandhavemorepeople__105__(appreciate)itscharm.Theprocessbeginswithhotwaterbeingpouredoverfine__108__(powder)teacreatingamixture.【答案】104.a(chǎn)dding105.a(chǎn)ppreciate108.powdered104.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:韓說(shuō)“這就像在茶里加上鈴鐺和口哨,給人一種更強(qiáng)的場(chǎng)合感,所以喝茶更有趣”。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞add以及空格前的介詞like分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)名詞adding作介詞like的賓語(yǔ)。故填adding。105.考查不定式。句意:這也是他想讓古老的儀式回歸現(xiàn)代生活,讓更多人欣賞它的魅力。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞appreciate以及空格前的使役動(dòng)詞have分析句子可知,此處是考查固定搭配havesomebodydosomething“讓某人做某事”,其中do是省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填appreciate。108.考查過(guò)去分詞做形容詞。句意:這個(gè)過(guò)程開(kāi)始于將熱水倒在茶葉粉末上,形成糊狀。根據(jù)句意和所給名詞powder以及空格后的名詞tea分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入powder的形容詞形式powdered“粉狀的”作定語(yǔ),修飾后面的名詞tea。故填powdered。(2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Keepthepatterngoinguntilyoufindyourself___118___

(rise)withthesun.Don’tworkhardtoriseearlyduringtheweekonly___120___

(sleep)inonweekends.Pickanhourtowakeup,anddoiteveryday.【答案】118.rising120.tosleep118.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:保持這種模式,直到你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己隨著太陽(yáng)起床。分析句子可知,until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中有謂語(yǔ)find,故使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。yourself和rise之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。故填rising。120.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:不要在一周中早起努力工作,結(jié)果周末卻睡懶覺(jué)。onlytodosth.表示“結(jié)果卻……”。故用不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填tosleep。1.Asahabitualcoffeedrinkerandaregularcustomer,hischaracternamed663soonfindsithard(notpay)attentiontothefree-spiritedcountergirlplayedbyFayeWong.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】nottoplay【詳解】考查不定式。句意:作為一個(gè)習(xí)慣喝咖啡的人和??停慕巧?63很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)很難不注意FayeWong扮演的自由奔放的柜臺(tái)女孩。findithardtodo,發(fā)現(xiàn)很難……,根據(jù)句意和所給提示詞可知,此空應(yīng)填不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)形式作邏輯賓語(yǔ),而it為形式賓語(yǔ)。故填nottoplay。2.TonyLeungplaysthepartofa(reject)loverperfectlyandgivesoffanairofbeingsadwithouteverreallybeingpathetic(可悲的).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】rejected【詳解】考查形容詞。句意:梁朝偉完美地扮演了一個(gè)被冷落的戀人,他散發(fā)出一種悲傷的氣息,但并不真的可悲??仗幾鞫ㄕZ(yǔ),是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,與其邏輯主語(yǔ)lover之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填rejected。3.Thesecondstoryfocusesontwopeople(TonyLeungandFayeWong)andhowtheyinteractwitheachotheratalocalfastfoodstore(specialize)infishandchips,chef’ssaladandblackcoffee.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】specializing【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:第二個(gè)故事聚焦于兩個(gè)人(梁朝偉和王菲),以及他們?nèi)绾卧诋?dāng)?shù)匾患覍iT經(jīng)營(yíng)炸魚薯?xiàng)l、廚師沙拉和黑咖啡的快餐店互動(dòng)。how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)為interact,此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且store與specialize“專門從事”為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語(yǔ),修飾store。故填specializing。4.(raise)inafamilyofmovielovershasgivenmeplentyofopportunitiestowatchmovies,especiallyHongKongmovies,sinceIwasalittleboy.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Beingraised【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在一個(gè)電影愛(ài)好者的家庭中長(zhǎng)大,讓我從小就有很多機(jī)會(huì)看電影,尤其是香港電影。分析句子可知,空處和空后的inafamilyofmovielovers搭配,作句子的主語(yǔ),是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且此處介紹的是一件已知的事情,因此應(yīng)用raise的動(dòng)名詞形式,因raise“撫養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育”和隱藏的邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填Beingraised。5.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheywillhave(solve)theproblembeingdiscussedatthemoment.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】solving【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:你無(wú)法想象他們解決目前正在討論的問(wèn)題將會(huì)有多大的困難。分析可知,“havetrouble(in)doing…”,固定短語(yǔ),意為“做某事有困難”,介詞in可省略,動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填solving。6.ZhongYang,aprofessorofbiologyatFudanUniversitydevotedto(build)acollectionofseedsforChina’snationalseedbankwasawarded“ModeloftheTimes”bythegovernment.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】building【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物學(xué)教授鐘揚(yáng)致力于為中國(guó)國(guó)家種子庫(kù)建設(shè)種子庫(kù),被政府授予“時(shí)代楷?!?。分析可知,“(be)devotedtodoing”,固定短語(yǔ),意為“致力于做某事”,動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填building。7.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)byrunning.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】dying【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:你可能會(huì)喝酒、抽煙、超重,但仍然可以通過(guò)跑步來(lái)降低死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)??仗帒?yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),故填dying。8.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime(spend)withhisstudents.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】spent【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:吉姆已經(jīng)退休了,但他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞remembers,所以spend用非謂語(yǔ)形式,pend和happytime是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,這里用過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ),修飾happytime。故填spent。9.Basedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttopre-crisislevels.(return)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】toreturn【詳解】考查不定式。句意:根據(jù)過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn),失業(yè)率在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇后需要四到五年才能恢復(fù)到危機(jī)前的水平。分析可知,此處為固定句型:ittakes+時(shí)間+forsb./sth.todo“對(duì)于某人/事來(lái)說(shuō)做某事花……(時(shí)間)”,it為形式主語(yǔ),不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)。故填toreturn。10.Seeingthesoldierswell(prepare)forthefight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】prepared【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:看到士兵們?yōu)閼?zhàn)斗做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備,將軍滿意地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,prepareoneselfforsomething表示“為某事做好準(zhǔn)備”,所以thesoldiers和prepare為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填prepared。11.Some350,000peoplehavereportedlybeenlefthomelessandarestayinginshelters,anxiously(await)newsoffriendsandrelatives.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】awaiting【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,大約35萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸,住在避難所,焦急地等待朋友和親戚的消息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞havebeenleft和arestaying,空處需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),Some350,000people和await為邏輯主謂關(guān)系,空處需填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填awaiting。12.(seat)inthefrontrowattheceremony,ourdistinguishedguestsarefromhomeandabroad.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Seated【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:我們的貴賓坐在典禮的前排,他們來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)外。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ),且ourdistinguishedguests與seat為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),且句首時(shí)首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Seated。13.Thefamousfilmdirectorworesunglassestoavoid(recognize).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】beingrecognized【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:那位著名的電影導(dǎo)演戴著太陽(yáng)鏡以免被人認(rèn)出來(lái)。固定短語(yǔ)avoiddoingsth,recognize與主語(yǔ)是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填beingrecognized。14.Hesatinthestandandimagined(fight)bravelywithafiercebullintheColosseum.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】fighting【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:他坐在看臺(tái)上,想象著在斗獸場(chǎng)與一頭兇猛的公牛勇敢地搏斗。imaginedoingsth.(想象做某事),fight用動(dòng)名詞形式,作賓語(yǔ)。故填fighting。15.Recentlyasurvey(compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebate.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】comparing【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:最近一項(xiàng)比較在兩個(gè)不同超市里相同商品的價(jià)格的調(diào)查引起了市民們的激烈討論。句中謂語(yǔ)是hascaused,空格處用非謂語(yǔ)形式,asurvey與compare在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng),此處作定語(yǔ),故填comparing?!旧虾D涎竽7吨袑W(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三3月考試英語(yǔ)試卷】HealthwarningasUKsweltersPeopleacrosstheUKhaveenjoyedthesunshinethisweek,buttheyhavealsoadvisedtobecarefulasaheatwavehitsmuchofthecountry.Aheatwaveisdefinedasaperiodofhotweather___1___temperaturesarehigherthanisexpectedforthetimeofyear.Theyusuallyhappeninsummer.However,climatechange(long-termchangestoweatherpatterns,mostly___2___(cause)byhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels,farmingandcuttingdownforests)isincreasingthechanceofheatwaveshappeningandmakingthemmoreextreme.Thecurrenthotweatheriseven(much)___3___extremeinsomeEuropeancountries—temperaturesinsouthernSpainhavereached46℃.Heatwavescanbeadangertopeople’shealth,especiallyforvulnerablegroupssuchastheelderly,childrenandpeople___4___certainhealthconditions.However,anyone___5___sufferfromtheeffectsofextremeheat,includingdehydration(nothavingenoughwater)andheatstroke(aconditioncausedbythebodyoverheating).AgroupofleadingUKscientists___6___(suggest)that,justasstormsaregivennames,weshouldnameheatwavesinordertoraiseawarenessofthehealthrisks.TheMetOffice,theUK’snationalweatherservice,hasissuedanamberwarning.Thismeansthereisthepossibilityoftraveldelays,roadandrailclosures,powercutsandapotentialrisktopeople’shealth.Temperaturesareexpected___7___(rise)to35℃,andtherehavebeenpredictionsthattherecordfortheUK’shottestdaycouldbebroken.Governmentofficialshavemettodiscuss___8___tointroduceaheatwaveemergency.Tocopewithhotweather,theNHS(NationalHealthService)sayspeopleshouldtrytokeepoutoftheSunbetween11amand3pm,___9___temperaturesareattheirhighestandthesunisstrongest.Makesureyouwearahat,applysunscreenanddrinkplentyofwater.____10____(close)curtainsintheroomsinyourhomethatfacethesunwillhelptokeepindoorspacescooler.Ifyouareswimmingoutdoorstocooldown,makesureyou’rewithatrustedadultandfollowlocalsafetyadvice.【答案】1.where2.caused3.more4.with5.can6.havesuggested7.torise8.whether9.when10.Closing【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。是英國(guó)極端高溫天氣的預(yù)警,介紹了天氣現(xiàn)狀、危害和應(yīng)對(duì)高溫的一些措施?!?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:熱浪是指一年中氣溫高于預(yù)期的高溫天氣。分析句意可知,此處需要填關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~aperiodofhotweather在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),即“在這種天氣里,氣溫高于預(yù)期”。故填where?!?題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。然而,氣候變化(氣候模式的長(zhǎng)期變化,主要由燃燒化石燃料、耕作和砍伐森林等人類活動(dòng)引起)增加了熱浪發(fā)生的機(jī)會(huì),并使熱浪更加極端。根據(jù)空后的by可知,此處動(dòng)詞cause“導(dǎo)致”使用過(guò)去分詞形式,作后置定語(yǔ)修飾climatechange“氣候變化”。故填caused?!?題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:目前的炎熱天氣在一些歐洲國(guó)家甚至更加極端——西班牙南部的氣溫已經(jīng)達(dá)到46℃。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示的是有一些地方的天氣更加極端,達(dá)到46度了,故使用比較級(jí)形式。故填more?!?題詳解】考查介詞。句意:熱浪可能會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害,尤其是對(duì)老年人、兒童和有某些健康問(wèn)題的人等弱勢(shì)群體。分析句意可知,此處需要填寫介詞with構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),表示“有某些健康問(wèn)題的人”。故填with?!?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:然而,任何人都可能受到酷熱的影響,包括脫水(沒(méi)有足夠的水)和中暑(身體過(guò)熱導(dǎo)致的狀況)。分析句意可知,本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為suffer“遭受”,故此空位置應(yīng)填助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。上文“Heatwavescanbeadangertopeople’shealth(熱浪可能會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害)”也是使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示推測(cè)“可能”,故此處也應(yīng)該使用can表示肯定的推測(cè)。故填can?!?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一組英國(guó)著名科學(xué)家建議,正如風(fēng)暴被命名一樣,我們應(yīng)該為熱浪命名,以提高人們對(duì)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)。分析句意可知,此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞suggest“建議”應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),與后文“TheMetOffice,theUK’snationalweatherservice,hasissuedanamberwarning.(英國(guó)國(guó)家氣象局MetOffice發(fā)布了琥珀色警告。)”保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填havesuggested?!?題詳解】考查不定式。句意:預(yù)計(jì)氣溫將升至35℃,有預(yù)測(cè)稱英國(guó)最熱的一天的紀(jì)錄可能會(huì)被打破。beexpectedtodo表示“預(yù)計(jì)”。故填torise?!?題詳解】考查連詞。句意:政府官員已經(jīng)開(kāi)會(huì)討論是否引入熱浪緊急情況。分析句意可知,此處需要填寫連詞whether“是否”,引導(dǎo)whether加不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ),表示討論的內(nèi)容。故填whether。【9題詳解】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句意:為了應(yīng)對(duì)炎熱的天氣,國(guó)家衛(wèi)生局表示,人們應(yīng)該在上午11點(diǎn)到下午3點(diǎn)之間盡量遠(yuǎn)離太陽(yáng),此時(shí)氣溫最高,陽(yáng)光最強(qiáng)。分析句意可知,此處填關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞between11amand3pm“上午11點(diǎn)到下午3點(diǎn)之間”,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填when?!?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:把家中面向陽(yáng)光的房間里的窗簾關(guān)閉有助于保持室內(nèi)空間涼爽。分析句意可知

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