2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語單元素養(yǎng)評價Unit6Spaceandbeyond含解析外研版選擇性必修4

PAGE單元素養(yǎng)評價(六)Unit6(120分鐘150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。Text1W:Professor,couldIhandinmypaperafewdayslate?M:①I’mafraidthatthat’soutofthequestion.1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thequestionisnotveryclear.B.Thewomanislateforclassagain.C.Thepapermustbehandedinontime.答案:CText2M:Hurryup,Jenny.②It’salready7.Wewillbelateforthefilm.W:Don’tworry,dear.②Westillhavetwentyminutes.Andittakesusonlyfifteenminutestogetthere.Wewillbetherejustintime.2.Atwhattimewillthefilmbegin?A.7:20.B.7:15.C.7:00.答案:AText3M:③WhatdoyouthinkabouttravelingbyferrytoFrance?W:Thekidswouldloveit,butIgetseasick.Thetrainisquickerandgoesalltheway.That’sthebestwaytoseethecountryside.3.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.WhethertogotoFrance.B.HowtogotoFrance.C.WhattodoinFrance.答案:BText4M:Iwon’thaveanythingtoweartoworkonMondayunlessIpickupmyclothesatthedrycleaners’.W:④Thenyou’dbetterhurry.ItclosesatnoononSundays.M:Oh!IshouldhavegonethereonSaturday.4.Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace?A.Monday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.答案:CText5M:Ineedsomehelpgettingreadyforajobinterviewtomorrow.W:Doyouneedtipsonhowtoperformwellintheinterview?M:I’vealreadygotsometipsonthatfromMike,⑤butI’mstillnotsurewhattoweartoit.5.Whatkindofadvicedoesthemanwant?A.Howtoimpresshisnewcolleagues.B.Howtoperformwellinajobinterview.C.Whatclothestoweartoajobinterview.答案:C其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。Text6W:Hello,Rick.⑥I’vecometosaygoodbyetoyou.M:AreyougoingbacktoyourcountryCanada?W:No.I’lltravelinEuropewithmyparentsasthistermisover.⑦IwanttogotoFrance.ButmyparentspreferGermany.We’lltravelfortwomonths.M:Wow,thewholesummervacation!Wishyouanenjoyableholiday.6.WhydoesthewomancometoseeRick?A.Tosaygoodbye.B.Toaskforadvice.C.Toinvitehimtoherhome.答案:A7.Whichcountrywouldthewomanliketovisit?A.Canada. B.France. C.Germany.答案:B聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。Text7W:⑧Ireadareportonthepeoplewhocanuseaforeignlanguage,mainlyEnglish.M:Really?What’sitabout?W:⑧It’smainlyaboutthedifferentattitudespeoplehavetowardstheforeignlanguagelearning.About27%ofthepeoplethinkaforeignlanguageisamustintheirdailylife.M:Ican’tagreemore.Therearemoreandmorepeoplelearningforeignlanguages.W:That’strue.About35%ofthepeoplearelearningorwillingtolearnaforeignlanguage.M:AsfarasI’mconcerned,manypeople,⑨especiallystudents,areforcedtodosobecauseofexams.W:⑨Yes.Thataccountsfor21%.Therearealsoabout15%ofthepeoplewhotakeforeignlanguagestobeuselessandtheytakenointerestinthematall.8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ThepopularityofEnglish.B.Thestudypressureonstudents.C.Attitudestowardslearningforeignlanguages.答案:C9.Whatpercentageofstudentsareforcedtolearnaforeignlanguage?A.About21%. B.About27%. C.About35%.答案:A聽第8段材料,回答第10～12題。Text8M:Hi,verygladtomeetyouhere.W:Hi,havewemetbefore?MQUOTEAren’tyouthewomanwhogavethecomputerlectureatthecitylibrarylastwinter?WQUOTEYes,it’sme.Youlookfamiliar.Wereyouthereinmyclassthen?M:Yes,sure.I’msogladItookyourlecture.AndI’vebenefitedquitealotfromit.W:Thanks.It’salsorewardingformetodosomethingmeaningfulinmysparetime.M:Oh,IthoughtyouwereanITengineerorsomethinglikeanexpertinthisprofession.W:Notexactly,butIknowabitaboutcomputer.M:IthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibleformetolearnhowtouseacomputeratmyageQUOTEbutnowI’mexchanginge-mailswithmygrandchildren.TheysayIamlearningfastandwell.It’sthehappiestthingaftermyretirement.W:That’sgreatQUOTEGivingalectureafterworkisagoodexperienceforme,becausethatisachangeofpacefrommydaytimejobasasalesrepresentative.M:That’sright.10.Whatdidthewomandolastwinter?A.Shetaughtaclass. B.Shechangedajob.C.Shetookalecture.答案:A11.Whyisthemanhappy?A.Hecangivelecturesafterretirement.B.Hehasretiredandbeginstolearncomputer.C.Hecancommunicatewithhisgrandchildrenonline.答案:C12.Whatisthewoman’sregularjob?A.Alibrarian. B.Asalesperson.C.Alecturer.答案:B聽第9段材料,回答第13～16題。Text9M:QUOTEWhatdoyouwanttomakefordinner?WQUOTEIthinkIwillmakesomesteaksfordinner.M:Thenwehavetobuysomesteaks.Don’tyouthinkit’salittlebitexpensive?W:Itisalittleexpensivebutit’scheaperthanhavingsteaksinarestaurant.M:Whatagoodwife!W:DoyouwanttobuysomebeerforMrChen?M:Yes,ofcourse!Wealllikebeer,butIthinkthistimewe’dbetterhavesometablewine,don’tyou?W:Yes,youarerightQUOTEWedoneedtablewineforthesteaks.MQUOTEIthinkIwouldprefertheCaliforniaRose.W:That’sgoodforsteaks.Whatelsedoyouwanttobuy?M:Acartonofcigarettes.W:Oh,myGod!Whydoyouwanttosmokesomuch?M:No,it’snotformeQUOTEIt’sforMrChenandhisfriendstonight.W:Thatmakesmefeelbetterbutanywaycigarettesareterribleforhealth.M:Iknow.I’mquittingthem.WQUOTEDon’tyouthinkweshouldbuysomevegetablesandicecreamfordessert?MQUOTEThat’sgood.Let’sgonow.W:OK.13.Wherewillthemanandwomanservetheirfriends?A.Intherestaurant. B.Atapub.C.Athome.答案:C14.Whatis“CaliforniaRose”inthedialogue?A.Akindofcigarette.B.Akindofwine.C.Akindofflower.答案:B15.Whoarethecigarettesfor?A.Themanhimself.B.MrChenandhisfriends.C.Theman’swife.答案:B16.Wherearethespeakersgoingaftertheconversation?A.Astore. B.Adinnerparty.C.Arestaurant.答案:A聽第10段材料,回答第17～20題。Text10M:ThissummerItookpartinareallyinterestingprojectQUOTEIt’scalledOne-DayClean-upanditsaimistocleartheworld’snaturalenvironmentsofrubbish.Iheardaboutitsworkfrommyneighborswhousedtotakepart.Ithoughtitwouldbefunandpersuadedacoupleofmycousinstocomealongwithme.Butitwouldn’tmatterifyoutookpartonyourown.You’dsoonmakefriendswithotherpeoplethereQUOTEMostofthepeopletherewereteenagers.Wewereaveryinternationalgroupinmyteam.OverhalfofthepeopletherewerefromAustralia,likeme,buttherewerealsopeoplefromChina,ThailandandtheUSA.Mostteamswereworkingonthesouthcoast,butminewasworkingontheeast.WehadtopickupalltherubbishwecouldfindontheseasideQUOTEIthasmademerealizehowimportantitisforeveryonetobeawareoftheenvironment.I’mdeterminednowtogetmyfamilytorecycleasmuchaspossible.It’llbeworthitifwecanmakeourseassaferforallthosebeautifulseaanimalsQUOTESo,ifyou’dliketojoinmenextyear,it’llbeonJanuary11th.Thefocusonthatdaywillbeongettingrubbishoutofrivers.17.Whatistheprojectcalled?A.Rubbish-PickingProject.B.One-DayClean-up.C.Environmentally-FriendlyTeams.答案:B18.Whatkindofpeoplemostlytookpartintheproject?A.Adults. B.Theelderly.C.Teenagers.答案:C19.Whatdidtheauthorrealize?A.Theimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.B.Theresponsibilitytheyaresupposedtoshoulder.C.Thenecessityofpickingupalltherubbish.答案:A20.Whenwilltheprojectbenextyear?A.OnJanuary1st. B.OnJanuary11th.C.OnJanuary21st.答案:B其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALifeinthefuturewillbedifferentfromlifetoday.Betweenthenandnowmanychangeswillhappen.Butwhatwillthechangesbe?Thepopulationisgrowingfast.Therewillbemanypeopleintheworldandmostofthemwilllivelongerthanpeoplelivenow.Computerswillbemuchsmallerandmoreuseful,andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryhome.Andcomputerstudieswillbeoneoftheimportantsubjectsinschoolsthen.Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonowandtheywillhavemorefreetimeforsports,watchingTVandtraveling.Travelingwillbemuchcheaperandeasier.Andmanymorepeoplewillgotoothercountriesforholidays.Therewillbechangesinourfood,too.Morelandwillbeusedforbuildingnewtownsandhousesforallthepeople.Thentherewillbelessroomforcowsandsheep,someatwillbemoreexpensive.Maybenoonewilleatiteveryday.Instead,theywilleatmorefruitsandvegetables.Maybepeoplewillbehealthier.Workinthefuturewillbedifferent,too.Robotswilldodangerousandhardwork.Becauseofthis,manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.【文章大意】這篇短文主要向人們描述了將來的生活,其中具體地介紹了將來生活與現(xiàn)在生活的不同之處,以及所面臨的問題。21.Everyfamilywillhaveatleasta______inthefuture.

A.robotB.cowC.TVsetD.computer【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryhome.描述,可知每家至少有一臺電腦。故選D。22.Inthefuturepeopledon’thaveto______.

A.worklonghours B.workfastC.walkonfoot D.eatmeat【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonow描述,可知在將來人們工作的時間會更少。故選A。23.Onebigprobleminthefutureisthat______.

A.manypeopledon’thavetoworkB.manypeoplewillnotbeabletofindworkC.peoplehavetoworkfastD.alltheworkwillbedonebyrobots【解析】選B。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.可知在將來的一個問題可能就是人們找不到工作。故選B。BJeffBezos,theworld’swealthiestperson,wasjustfivewhenAmericanastronautssteppedonthesurfaceofthemoononJuly20,1969.However,he’sneverforgottentheblack-and-whitefootagefromthehistoricmoment.Sincethen,themoonhasalwaysbeenthecenterofhisspacedreamswhicharechanneledthroughhisspaceflightcompany,BlueOrigin.OnMay9,2024,atameetingheldinWashington,ThoughdetailsofhowBlueMoonwillbesenttospaceremainunclear,Bezosisconfidentit’llbereadyforitsmission(使命)by2024.Heconsidersitunavoidabletosettleinspacegivenourever-increasingpopulationandfewerresources.Unlikethoseseekingahomeonanotherplanet,Bezosthinkshumanswillbelivinginorbitalspacesettlements,whicharesimilartotheInternationalSpaceStation,exceptmuchbigger,eachhousingmillionsofpeople.Spacetaxiswouldmakeiteasyforhumanstotravelbetweensettlements.ButfirstweneedtodevelopacheaperwaytotravelbetweenspaceandEarth.Bezosmayhavesolvedtheproblempartlybyremovingthebiggestcostofspaceflights—singleuserockets—withBlueOrigin’sreusableNewShepardrocket,whichhasmadeseveraltripstospaceandbacksince2015.Toencouragefuturespacedreamers,thecompany’srecentlybuiltafreeonlineclubthatwillkeepmembersinformedofitsprogressandchallengethemtofindsolutionstohelphumansandsaveearth.Itinvitesstudentsofallagestodraworwritehowtheyimaginehumanslivingandworkinginspaceonaself-addressed,stampedpostcardandsendittothe“ClubfortheFuture”byJuly20,2024.Thefirst10,000postcardswillbesenttospaceaboardtheNewShepardrocketlaterthisyear.WhenitreturnstoEarth,thepostcards,stamped“flowntospace,”willbereturnedtotheirowners.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要講解并描述了世界上最富有的人杰夫·貝佐斯以及他送人去太空的幻想,他希望能開發(fā)一種便宜的在太空和地球之間旅行的方式并激勵將來幻想家?guī)椭祟惡屯炀鹊厍虻墓适隆?4.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A.Animpressivehistoricmoment.B.ThebeginningofBezos’spacedream.C.Theexcitingnewsofsendingmantospace.D.Bezos’secretofbecomingthewealthiestperson.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本題是主旨大意題中的概括段落大意。第一段主要講了杰夫·貝佐斯自從觀看了1969年7月20日美國宇航員登上月球表面的黑白錄像起,月球就成為了他太空幻想的中心。這也是他太空幻想的起先。故選B。25.WhatwillbeorbitalspacesettlementslikeinBezos’eyes?A.Overpopulated.B.Solar-powered.C.Energy-hungry.D.Convenientlyaccessible.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第三段提到貝佐斯認為,人類將生活在軌道空間定居點,這與國際空間站相像,除了空間大,每座都能容納數(shù)百萬人。太空計程車將使人類更簡單在定居點之間旅行?？芍愖羲拐J為生活在軌道空間定居點更便利。故選D。26.Whatmaycontributegreatlytothelowcostoftravellingtospace?A.Spacetaxis.B.Singleuserockets.C.NewShepardrocket.D.Orbitalspacesettlements.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段可知。貝佐斯公司已經(jīng)解決了這個成本問題,運用藍色起源公司的可重復(fù)運用的NewShepardrocket可以消退最大的成本。故選C。27.What’sthepurposeofthefreeonlineclub?A.Tohelphumansandsaveearth.B.Tochallengestudentsofallages.C.Tobuildanewwayofsendingpostcards.D.Toencouragefuturespacedreamers.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段“Toencouragefuturespacedreamers,thecompany’srecentlybuiltafreeonlineclubthatwillkeepmembersinformedofitsprogressandchallengethemtofindsolutionstohelphumansandsaveearth.”可知其目的是激勵將來的太空幻想家。故選D?！炯记牲c撥】主旨大意題包括段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea),常見命題形式有:Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat______.Thepassage/textismainlyabout______.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?等等。解答主旨類題目的關(guān)鍵是找出文章的主題句。主題句的位置有以下幾種狀況,一.主題句在文首;二.主題句在文中;三.主題句在文末;四.主題句以首尾呼應(yīng)的形式出現(xiàn)在文首和文末。五.無明顯主題句,需依據(jù)高頻詞或各段落主題句進行總結(jié)概括等。本文中第1小題段落大意屬于沒有明顯主題句,但可以依據(jù)center,spacedreams關(guān)鍵詞進行總結(jié)得出選項B。

CManyofushavereadstoriesorseenfilmsaboutspacecreatures(生物).TheycometotheEarthinspaceshipsthatlooklikeflyingsaucers.Thesespace-creaturesdonotlooklikehumanbeingsatall,buttheyareusuallyveryintelligent(聰慧).Inonefilm,theyweretinylittlemenwithlargeheads.WhentheylandedontheEarth,theyknewexactlywhattodo.TheywentstraighttothePresident’spalaceandmadehimtheirprisoner!Thestoriesaboutspacecreaturesare,ofcourse,nottrue.Space-creaturesexistonlyinstorybooksandfilms,justlikegiantsandfairies.Butmanyscientistsareaskingthisquestion—“Istherelifeonotherplanets?”Therearemillionsofplanetsintheuniverse,andtheEarthisjustoneofthem.Couldtherebelivingthingsonotherplanets?Manypeoplebelievethattheotherplanetsintheuniversearemostsuitableforlivingthings.Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?Atthisstagewestillcannotbesure.Alltheplanets,excepttheMoonandMars,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthem.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。很多科學(xué)家都在問這個問題——“其他行星上有生命嗎?”本篇文章主要圍繞外太空是否存在生命而綻開。28.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ScientificWonders—Space-creaturesB.IsThereLifeonOtherPlanets?C.AreScientistsSure?D.StoriesaboutSpace-creatures【解析】選B。主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?可知科學(xué)家們確定其他行星上沒有生命嗎?結(jié)合文章主要圍繞外太空是否存在生命而綻開。故B選項“其他行星上有生命嗎?”符合文章標題。故選B。29.Itisimpossibleforscientiststoknowaboutotherplanetsintheuniversebecause______.

A.alltheplanets,excepttheMoon,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthemB.alltheplanetsaretoofartoreachC.alltheplanets,excepttheMoonandMars,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthemD.alltheplanetsareonlytoofartoreach【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段可知在這個階段,我們?nèi)耘f不能確定。全部的行星,除了月球和火星,都特別遙遠,我們的宇宙飛船須要幾百年才能到達。由此可知,科學(xué)家們不行能了解宇宙中的其他行星。故選C。30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thestoriesaboutspace-creaturesaretrue.B.Space-creaturesareinstories.C.Space-creaturesareinfilms.D.Manyscientistsareaskingifthereislifeonotherplanets.【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Thestoriesaboutspacecreaturesare,ofcourse,nottrue.可知關(guān)于太空生物的故事當(dāng)然不是真的。由此可知A選項“關(guān)于太空生物的故事是真實的”不正確。故選A。31.Inthepassage“straight”means______.

A.upright(直立的) B.levelC.directly D.honest【解析】選C。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)其次句可知當(dāng)他們著陸在地球上時,他們知道該做什么。接著提到它們干脆到總統(tǒng)的府邸把總統(tǒng)變成它們的囚徒,由此推斷straight帶有“毫不遲疑,堅決果斷”的含義,directly意為“干脆地,徑直地”,與straight最為接近。故選C?！炯记牲c撥】標題確定題屬于深層理解題,它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細分析主子公的特定心態(tài)、文章大意及作者的寫作意圖。在此基礎(chǔ)上,還應(yīng)做到概括性、針對性、醒目性的有機結(jié)合。概括性原則:要求標題應(yīng)在最大程度上覆蓋全文,囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)文章的主題要旨。從全局的角度歸納概括出文章的標題。要防止舍本逐末,主次不分,以點代面,以偏概全。針對性原則:針對性原則是對標題外延的一種界定。即標題的外延既不能太大也不能太小,要量體裁衣,大小適度。醒目性原則:標題是文章的點睛之筆,是文章的靈魂和門面。標題的好壞往往影響文章的可讀性。讀者往往從標題上確定文章的閱讀取舍,故標題往往比較醒目,甚至比較離奇,目的是吸引讀者的留意力,喚起讀者對文章閱讀的愛好。如第28小題,依據(jù)第三段Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?可知科學(xué)家們確定其他行星上沒有生命嗎?結(jié)合文章主要圍繞外太空是否存在生命而綻開。故B選項“其他行星上有生命嗎?”符合文章標題。故選B。DSpaceisthefinalfrontier(前沿).Sendingrocketsintospacehasbecomealmostcommon.Thedemandforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservicesisgrowing.Today,spaceeffortscostabout$200billionayear.Jointeffortsbetweengovernmentsandbusinessesarehelpingtolowercostsandincreaseourunderstandingoftheuniverse.ThebusinessofspacelooksgoodforOrbitalATK,acompanybasedintheUnitedStates.InJanuary,thecompanylauncheditsAntaresrocket.TherocketwascarryingthefirstofeightplannedsupplyshipmentstotheInternationalSpaceStation.OrbitalATKisoneofthetwoAmericancompaniespaidbyNASAtotransportsuppliestothespacestation.AcompanycalledArianespaceisaprivateEuropeanspacebusiness.ClaytonNowryheadstheAmericandivisionofthecompany.Hesaystheincreaseinrocketlaunchesispartlytheresultofincreaseddemandforspace-basedtechnologies.Theseincludehigh-definition(高清的)broadcastsandsatellitebroadbandservices.Whilethereismoredemandforsatellites,theendofNASA’sSpaceShuttleprogramin2011hashurtthespaceindustry.JaniceStarzykworksatInternationalLaunchServices.SheworksoneducationissuesattheWashingtonSpaceBusinessRoundtable.Shesaid,“It’sapitythattheprogram’sshutdownwasahuge,hugesetoflay-offs(下崗人員)intheindustry.”ButevenasNASAreducesitsspending,othercountrieshaveannouncedplanstoexplorespace.InDecember2013,Chinabecamejustthethirdcountrytolandanunmannedspacevehicleonthemoon.Amonthlater,Indiasentitsfirstcommunicationssatellite.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文,主要就“太空探究”這一話題綻開介紹相關(guān)內(nèi)容,包括太空科技的發(fā)展、值得一提的相關(guān)公司、太空探究所遭受的停滯和接著前行。32.Whatmakessendingrocketsintospacebecomeveryusual?A.Moreandmorepeoplewantingtoexplorespace.B.Spacebecominghuman’sfinalhomeanddream.C.Companiesmakingeveryefforttoearn$200billionayear.D.Increasingneedforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservices.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Sendingrocketsintospacehasbecomealmostcommon.Thedemandforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservicesisgrowing.”可知,向太空放射火箭現(xiàn)在變得普遍了,對于通訊衛(wèi)星和衛(wèi)星圖像服務(wù)的需求正持續(xù)增長。分析兩句的邏輯關(guān)系,可知是有了這一需求,才使得人類放射更多的衛(wèi)星。故選D。33.Whyaregovernmentsandbusinessesworkingtogether?A.Toearnmoremoneyfromspaceprojects.B.Tosendmorerocketsintospaceandusethem.C.Toproducemorecommunicationssatellitesforthepublic.D.Tokeepcostsdownandhelpuslearnmoreabouttheuniverse.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Jointeffortsbetweengovernmentsandbusinessesarehelpingtolowercostsandincreaseourunderstandingoftheuniverse.”可知,政商合作,共同努力,正助力太空探究降低成本費用,同時提高(我們?nèi)祟?對于宇宙的相識理解。故選D。34.WhatdoweknowaboutOrbitalATK?A.It’saprivateEuropeanspacebusiness.B.ItsentitsAntaresrocketinJanuary.C.It’sacompanybasedintheUnitedKingdom.D.It’stheonlyAmericancompanypaidbyNASA.【解析】選B。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第三段整段為對該公司的介紹,依據(jù)第三段中的“InJanuary,thecompanylauncheditsAntaresrocket.”可知其在一月份放射了Antares火箭,B項時間和內(nèi)容均與原文契合。故選B。35.HowmayJaniceStarzykfeelabouttheprogram’sshutdown?A.Hopeful. B.Content.C.Regretful. D.Uninterested.【解析】選C。推理推斷題。本題要求推斷觀點看法,依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Shesaid,it’sapitythattheprogram’sshutdownwasahuge,hugesetoflay-offsintheindustry.”可知她認為項目的終止對于航天工業(yè)來說是一個缺憾,而且導(dǎo)致了這一行業(yè)一系列的下崗潮,句中的關(guān)鍵詞為pity(缺憾),對應(yīng)題目C選項regretful(缺憾的,惋惜的)。故選C。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.36

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.37Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.38

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.39Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.40“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了動物睡眠的緣由,提出了兩種假設(shè):“幫助鞏固新的記憶”和“為明天的全新記憶騰出空間”。其中,后一種假設(shè)得到了試驗支持,被越來越多的人所認可。36.【解析】選C。解本題可利用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法。首句指出每種動物都要睡覺,但緣由仍舊是個謎。接下來是具體例證,照試驗室的老鼠被剝奪了睡眠,一個月內(nèi)就會死亡,而同樣,人類假如連續(xù)幾天不睡覺,就會生病,故選C項。本設(shè)空類型屬于細微環(huán)節(jié)理解類。37.【解析】選E。解本題可利用句意推斷法。該段首句提出了第一個假設(shè),睡眠幫助我們鞏固新的記憶。與這個論點相呼應(yīng)的例子是E項,該項中的that指代的就是前面的假設(shè),也就是說,這個假設(shè)能夠說明為什么學(xué)生假如能在學(xué)習(xí)之后睡覺休息,會在考試中發(fā)揮更好。本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類。38.【解析】選F。解本題可利用詞匯鎖定法。由下段首句中的代詞he可知,該空中必定包含一個人名,否則he就失去了所指對象,閱讀各選項,可鎖定F項和G項,但只有F項能與本段的內(nèi)容連接,也就是說,睡眠會幫助清除記憶,為新記憶騰出空間。依據(jù)探討人員Tononi的說法,“睡眠是我們?yōu)閷W(xué)習(xí)付出的代價”。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落總結(jié)類。39.【解析】選G。解本題可利用句意推斷法。該段首句說“現(xiàn)在我們有最干脆的證據(jù)證明他的假設(shè)是對的”,那接下來應(yīng)當(dāng)是具體描述該證據(jù)。此外,該空后面一句話說明白試驗的結(jié)果和意義。綜合看來,只有G項符合語境,指出了探討團隊、試驗對象及試驗內(nèi)容。本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類。40.【解析】選B。解本題可利用句意推斷法。由空后的youkeepwhatmatters“你記住要緊的事情”可鎖定B項“好像大腦在保存它最重要的記憶”。本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。A54-year-olddentist,Goodmanpurchasedhisfirst41in1990andjoinedtheHowardAstronomicalLeague(HAL)in2000.“Therearen’ttoomanybigastronomy42,”saidMarcFeuerberg,whoisPresidentofHAL.“Ifyouareintoastronomyatall,youkindofenduphere.”

HALwhichhasabout120members43“starparties”severaltimesamonth.Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools,withthe44ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky45.

Astronomyingeneralissortoflikehamradio.Itwas46justafterWorldWarⅡ,47nowitis“kindofgraying”,saidChasRimpo,theclub’seventsorganizer.

Membersofferseveralreasonsforthe48:kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputersthan49;peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto50.

Buttheysaythere’snothinglikebeingoutdoors,lookingattheskyandconsideringEarth’stinyplaceinthe51.

HALmembersaredoingwhattheycantomakeanimpressiononanewgenerationof52astronomylovers.Plansareunderwayto53theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark,saidRimpo.

AlphaRidgeParkwaschosenasthesitebecauseitis54locatednearInterstate70,butmostlybecauseithaslittlelightpollution,saidGoodman.

“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace”Goodmansaid,“butonceitis55,itwillberunbyHALmembersandbeopentothepublic.AnditwillgiveHALaplaceofitsown”.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白霍華德天文社團(HAL)為培育新一代的天空視察者而做出了很多努力,天文學(xué)在二戰(zhàn)剛結(jié)束時很受歡迎,如今有點過時了。文章分析了衰落的緣由以及天文社團將來的支配。41.A.radio B.telescopeC.machine D.computer【解析】選B。句意:Goodman是一位54歲的牙醫(yī),1990年購買了他的第一臺望遠鏡,2000年加入了霍華德天文社團(HAL)。radio收音機;telescope望遠鏡;machine機器;computer電腦。依據(jù)后文HowardAstronomicalLeague可推知Goodman購買的是用來觀測的望遠鏡。故選B。42.A.schools B.clubsC.companies D.centers【解析】選B。句意:HAL總裁MarcFeuerberg說:“大型天文社團并不多。schools學(xué)校;clubs俱樂部;companies公司;centers中心。對應(yīng)上文HowardAstronomicalLeague可知此處指大型的天文社團(club)。故選B。43.A.takes B.holds C.builds D.opens【解析】選B。依據(jù)后文“starparties”可知是舉辦(hold)“星星派對”。后文Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools也有提示。故選B。44.A.opinion B.suggestionC.goal D.agreement【解析】選C。opinion觀點;suggestion建議;goal目標;agreement同意。依據(jù)后文ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky可知是在說明舉辦這些活動的目標是為了創(chuàng)建新一代的天空視察者。故選C。45.A.watchers B.astronautsC.visitors D.astronomers【解析】選A。watchers視察者;astronauts宇航員;visitors游客;astronomers天文學(xué)家。結(jié)合上文Goodman買望遠鏡可知,俱樂部的目標是培育新一代的天空視察者。故選A。46.A.successful B.popularC.important D.secure【解析】選B。successful勝利的;popular流行的;important重要的;secure平安的。依據(jù)后文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知在二戰(zhàn)剛結(jié)束時天文學(xué)很受歡迎,但是現(xiàn)在有點衰落了。故選B。47.A.and B.so C.but D.though【解析】選C。句意:該俱樂部的活動組織者ChasRimpo說,二戰(zhàn)剛結(jié)束時它很受歡迎,但現(xiàn)在它有點衰落了。結(jié)合上下文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用連詞but。故選C。48.A.shortcomings B.disadvantagesC.failure D.decline【解析】選D。shortcomings缺點;disadvantages劣勢;failure失敗;decline衰退,下降。依據(jù)上文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知此處是在分析如今俱樂部衰落的緣由。故選D。49.A.watchout B.goawayC.goout D.giveaway【解析】選C。watchout當(dāng)心;goaway走開;goout出去;giveaway贈送。依據(jù)上文kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputers可知如今的孩子喜愛待在家里看電腦,不情愿出門。故選C。50.A.operate B.purchaseC.adjust D.calculate【解析】選A。operate操作;purchase購買;adjust調(diào)整;calculate計算。依據(jù)上文peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto______可知人們認為望遠鏡難以操作,其他選項不符合語境。故選A。

51.A.sky B.universeC.earth D.world【解析】選B。句意:但他們說沒有什么比在戶外,仰視天空,考慮地球在宇宙中的微小位置更好的了。sky天空;universe宇宙;earth地球;world世界。依據(jù)上文consideringEarth’stinyplaceinthe______可知是思索地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故選B。

52.A.skillful B.excellentC.potential D.patient【解析】選C。skillful嫻熟的;excellent精彩的;potential潛在的;patient耐性的。依據(jù)上文anewgenerationof可知HAL的成員正在盡其所能給新一代潛在的(potential)天文愛好者留下深刻印象。故選C。53.A.pick B.insert C.fit D.place【解析】選C。結(jié)合后文theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark可知,在阿爾法嶺公園安裝天文臺的支配正在進行。故選C。54.A.totally B.convenientlyC.partly D.conventionally【解析】選B。totally完全地;conveniently便利地;partly部分地;conventionally通常。結(jié)合后文locatedn