(完整)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)

(完整)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)(完整)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)(完整)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)認識幾個定義：1、音素英語語音中最小的發(fā)音單位.2、元音發(fā)音時氣流在通路上不受發(fā)音器官的阻礙.3、輔音發(fā)音時氣流在通路上受到發(fā)音器官的阻礙。4、音節(jié)說話時最小的語音片段。一個可以為單個元音（如I/a?/），或者一個元音加上一個或多個輔音（如tree/tri：/）。單詞可以根據(jù)音節(jié)數(shù)量分為:單音節(jié)詞,雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。5、開音節(jié)以讀音為元音的字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié),即輔音+元音（如me,he等)；或以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾（如name,come等）。6、閉音節(jié)以一個或幾個輔音字母結(jié)尾且中間只有一個元音，即元音+輔音(如it,pen，pick等）。7、重讀在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞中，有個音節(jié)必須讀得特別強而重，而其它音節(jié)讀得相對弱而輕，這種現(xiàn)象就叫單詞重讀。用符號“’”表示。8、清音和濁音(輔音）發(fā)音時聲帶不振動叫清輔音；聲帶振動叫濁輔音.音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)一、英語共有48個音素，元音20個,輔音28個元音1.長短：/i://?//?：//?//?：//?//U://?/2。大?。?e//?//ɑ：//?/3.I組:/e?//a?//??/4.U組:/??//a?/5.?組：/??//e?//??/清輔音 /p//t//k//f//θ//s//?//t?//tr//ts//h/

濁輔音/b//d//g//v//e//z/

/?//d?//dr/

/dz//r//m//n//?/

/?//w//j/注：s與輔音元音里的爆破音結(jié)合時，通常是清輔音被濁化,/p//t//k/它們濁化后，分別發(fā)成:/b//d//g/二．26個字母在單詞中的具體發(fā)音a/ei/nameablecaketabletakedate/?/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry/ɑ:/dancelastpassplant/?/wantwhatwatchwash/?/aarrivealongalikealoude/i:/heshemeeveningmeter/e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend/i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforesti/ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind/i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero/?u/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano/?/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop/?/sonmonthmotherloveyoung/u：/whodowhoseu/ju：/useusuallyexcusemenu/?/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust/u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc/k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes/s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon’tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg/ɡ/gunglassgladgoget/d?/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/d?/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelikel/l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay/l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilkn/n/noknownewhand/?/thankthinkthinguncleswingp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrarys/s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass/z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelaxy/ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellowyoungyesterday/i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero三、常見字母組合（一）元音組合ai

/ei/

wait

paintay/ei/mayplaydaysayair/ε?/airhairchairal/?:/tallsmallballar/α:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead

②/e/headbreadready

③/i?/

theaterear①/i?/ear

hear

near

②/ε?/

bear

③/?:/

earthee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeepeir/ε?/theirer①/?/

workerteacher

②

/?：/

herere①/i?/

here

②/ε?/wherethereew①/ju：/new

few

②/u:/flew

grewight/ai/righthighbrightir/?：/birdgirlshirtthirtyoa/?u/boatcoatong/o?/

long

songoo①/u/bookfootgood

②/u：/moonballoonor①/?:/shortforkport

②/?：/wordworldworkoor/?：/door

floorore/?：/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouthour①/?:/four

your②

/au?/ourow①/?u/bowl

window②

/au/nowcowfloweroy/oi/

boy

toyur/?：/

turn（二）輔音組合th①/θ/thank

mouth

②/δ/thisthatwithtr

/tr/treetraintruckdr

/dr/dressdriversh/∫/shirtwashshortch①/t∫/childchaircatch

②/k/school

Christmas

③/dз/

sandwichtw/tw/

twotwintwentywh①/w/whitewheelwhat

②/h/whowhosewhomts/ts/

jackets

kitesds/dz/

birds

friends（三)特殊組合tion/∫n/questionnation四、單詞重音（wordstress）英語單詞分為單音節(jié)詞，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。含有一個元音音素的字母組合叫做一個音節(jié),由一個音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫做單音節(jié)詞,如bed[b?d］,dad[d?d]。由兩個音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫雙音節(jié)詞，如funny

［’f?n?]

，famous

［’fem?s］

由兩個以上音節(jié)構(gòu)成的單詞叫多音節(jié)詞,如delicious

［d?’l???s］

英語單詞如果有一個以上的音節(jié)則有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)，由符號“’”表示，如about

［?’baut］。有的多音節(jié)詞有兩個重音，一個是主重音，一個是次重音，或兩個都是主重音，次重音用符號“，”表示，標(biāo)在次重音的左下方。如anybody

［'?n?，bɑd?］。雙音節(jié)的重音一般落在第一個音節(jié)上，多音節(jié)的重音通常為倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié),如documentary

［,dɑkj?'m?nt?r?],grandfather

[’gr?nd，fɑe?].四．句子重音（sentencestress）一個句子中,實詞（名詞，實義動詞,數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞等）重讀;虛詞（冠詞，介詞）不重讀。英語音標(biāo)練習(xí)題一、口語練習(xí)（一）讀出下列單詞：1。/i://i//e//?//bit//wi：k//di：l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/p?k//g?p//tr??//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//′setl//di′pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend2./a://?://?//u://u//ma:sk//pa:st//fra：ns//st?:m//n?：t//f?ks//s?k//fa://la:d?//ma：k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark/θ?t//pr?mis//lu：s//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?：n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?：b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps4./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?′l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6。/θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves（二）、繞口令：Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail。AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood。Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatch?WhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch？Shesellsseashellsontheseashore。Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、筆頭練習(xí)：（一).找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞(

)1。A.teaB.meatC。weatherD。beach(

）2.A。backB.fastC.haveD.map（

）3.A.warmB.gardenC。marketD。party(

)4。A。schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good(

）5.A。JuneB.rulerC。putD。menu(

）6。A。goB.noC。coldD.hot（

）7.A。pushB.funC.sunD。ugly(

）8。A。tigerB.herC。officerD.over(

)9。A。mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about（

）10.A。too B．classroom C．broomD．a(chǎn)fternoon(

）11.A。yellow B．brown C．window D．know（

）12。A．these B．they C．brother D．three（

）13.A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please(

）14.A.islandB。smallC。