2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)詞匯語篇模式主題語境三人與自然Topic44生物教學(xué)案含作業(yè)

PAGETopic44生物1.植物(Plants)wheat,bamboo,biological,botanical,corn,maple,pine,bush,weed,truck,root,seed,branch,leaf,cell,fibre,organ,absorb,comeout,grow,harvest,giveout,takein,plant,________['spi??i?z]642.動物(Animals)insect,animal,beast,creature,pest,fierce,________[re?(r)]28,domestic,worm,ant,sparrow,seagull,rooster,goose,turkey,squirrel,cattle，bee,butterfly,bird,eagle,frog,dinosaur,lion，shark,wing,tail,fly,________[?'t?k]70,food,feedon,raise,givebirthto,bite,produce,hatch,chase3.生物愛護(hù)(BiologicalConservation)________[pr?'tekt]84,law,reserve,wildlife,remote,act,benativeto,behometo,inthewild,behavioral,endangered,indangerof,dieout,________['reskju?]31,evolution,convert,change...into,________[Ik'stI?kt]3,degree,breed,________[dI'fi?t]22,survive,prohibit4.生物技術(shù)(BiologicalTechnology)bacterium,virus,breakthrough,makeabreak－through,clone,controversial,biochemistry,gene,carrier5.意義影響(Influence)__________[tri?t]68,foodchain,cure,disease,illness,playanimportantpartin,function,status,________['men?n]80,________[?'d?pt]35,adapttospecies;rare;attack;protect;rescue;extinct;defeat;treat;mention;adaptrare①It'sextremelyrareforittobethishotinApril.②(2024·天津高考)Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.(1)用rare的適當(dāng)形式填空①Tom________goestootherplacesexceptfortheoffice.②Thelandishometoagreatdiversityof________plantsandanimals.答案：①rarely②rare(2)單句寫作①瑪麗有一張寶貴的郵票。Maryhas____________________.②我很少聽到這樣離奇的故事。Rarely____________________suchastrangestory.③難得發(fā)覺這樣一群好玩的人。____________________suchaninterestinggroupofpeople.答案：①ararestamp②haveIheard③Itisraretofind(1)adj.稀有的；希奇的notdone,seen,happening,etc.veryoften(2)adj.希奇的；寶貴的existingonlyinsmallnumbersandthereforevaluableorinterestingarareplant/sight罕有的植物/景象ararebook/coin/stamp珍奇的書/硬幣/郵票Itisrare(forsb./sth.)to_dosth.(某人/物)做某事是罕見的rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常rarely位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝，有類似用法的否定副詞還有never,little,seldom,hardly等。attack①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.②(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.(1)介詞填空①Thepolicearemakingamajorattack________drugdealers.②Thevillagecame________attacklastnight.答案：①on②under(2)單句寫作①Thecityiseasyto____________________(被……攻擊)thestormfromthePacificOcean.②Thenewspapers____________________(抨擊)thepresidentbecauseofthenewlaw.答案：①beattackedby②madeanattackon(1)n.攻擊；攻擊anactofusingviolencetotrytohurtorkillsb.(2)v.攻擊；攻擊touseviolencetotrytohurtorkillsb.makeanattackon對……發(fā)動攻擊be/comeunderattack遭遇攻擊protect①(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.②Theregulationsaremadetoprotectwomen'sandchildren'srightsandinterests.(1)單句語法填空①Troopshavebeensenttoprotectaidworkers________attack.②Theyhuddledtogethertoprotectthemselves________thewind.③Theytraveled________theprotectionofanumberofsoldiers.答案：①against②from③under(2)選詞填空：defend/guard/protect①They________thebuildingagainststrangers.②Hisheadwas________byahelmet.③Weshould________ourhomelandwhensheisattacked.答案：①guarded②protected③defend(3)單句寫作①她用手遮住太陽以愛護(hù)她的眼睛。She____________________thesunwithherhand.②那些被子不能使你御寒。Thosequiltsdon'tgiveyoumuch____________________thecold.③他們穿著雨衣以防淋雨。Theyworeraincoatsasa____________________.答案：①protectedhereyesfrom②protectionagainst③protectionagainst/fromtherain(1)v.愛護(hù)；防護(hù)tomakesurethatsb./sth.isnotharmed,injured,damaged,etc.(2)v.(制定法律)愛護(hù)tointroducelawsthatmakeitillegaltokill,harmordamageaparticularanimal,areaofland,building,tect...against/from...愛護(hù)……免受……protectionn.愛護(hù)；防衛(wèi)protectionagainst/from愛護(hù)……免受……undertheprotectionof＝undersb.'sprotection在……的愛護(hù)下protect/defend/guardprotect指實(shí)行肯定措施，運(yùn)用某些器具以愛護(hù)人或物免遭損害，運(yùn)用廣泛defend著重指用武力抵擋攻擊和侵?jǐn)_；另表示“為……辯護(hù)”guard強(qiáng)調(diào)通過看管警戒，以確保平安rescue①(2024·江蘇高考)Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.②Awealthybenefactorcametotheirrescuewithagenerousdonation.(1)介詞填空①Helicoptersrescuednearly20people________theroofoftheburningbuilding.②Hegotapurchaseonabranchuntilwecame________hisrescue.答案：①from②to(2)單句寫作①派出了救生艇去營救沉船上的船員。Thelifeboatwassentoutto____________________________________.②我們來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。__________________________andpulledhimoutoftheriver.答案：①rescuethesailorfromthesinkingship②Wecametohisrescue(1)vt.營救；援救；搶救tosavesb./sth.fromadangerousorharmfulsituation(2)n.救援；營救；搶救；獲救theactofsavingsb./sth.fromadangerousordifficultsituation;thefactofbeingsavedrescuesb./sth.from...把……從……營救出來cometosb.'srescue(＝rescuesb.)援救某人defeat①(2024·天津高考)IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.②Theinstructionmanualcompletelydefeatedme.(1)選詞填空：defeat/beat/win①He________thefirstprizeforhisinvention.②We________theirteamby10points.③Americans________theBritishatYorktown,Virginia1781.答案：①won②beat/defeated③defeated(2)單句寫作①IfIleftmyjob,Iwouldbe________________(認(rèn)輸了)．②Thegoalkeeperwasblamedfor__________________(球隊(duì)的惜敗)．答案：①admittingdefeat②theteam'snarrowdefeat(1)vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝towinagainstsb.inawar,competition,sportsgame,etc.(2)vt.使困惑；難住ifsth.defeatsyou,youcannotunderstanditadmitdefeat認(rèn)輸abig/bad/heavydefeat大敗anarrowdefeat惜敗defeat/beat/windefeat和beat都可跟sb.,一般可互換，defeat既可指競賽，也可指戰(zhàn)場上戰(zhàn)勝對手beat側(cè)重于競賽中擊敗對手win后可接競賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗等，表示“榮獲，贏得”treat①Wetookthekidstothezooasaspecialtreat.②(2015·北京高考)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.Weweretreatedwellbyourhosts.③Treatyourkeyboardwithcareanditshouldlastforyears.④(2024·北京高考)TheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.⑤(2024·天津高考)Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere.(1)依據(jù)句意寫出加黑詞的最佳釋義①Shewastreatedonpenicillin(盤尼西林)forsixweeksandmadeaverygoodrecovery.________②Idecidetotreatyoutoicecreams.________③Theirparentscontinuetotreatthemaschildren.________④It'satreattomeetyouhere.________答案：①治療；醫(yī)治②款待；款待③對待④樂事；樂趣(2)單句語法填空①Allvisitorstothisvillagearetreated________kindness.②Iwishyouwouldstoptreatingme________achild!③Don'tworryaboutthecost—itis________(I)treat.答案：①with②like/as③my(3)語段寫作Tom____________________(正在一所聞名的醫(yī)院接受治療)where____________________(醫(yī)生們對他很好).Allthedoctors____________________(把他當(dāng)作孩子看待)andeven____________________(請他吃一些水果).Inaddition,theyallhavegoodmannersandtheyareneverfedupwithanyone.Tomthinksthathewillrecoversoon.答案：isbeingtreatedinafamoushospital;thedoctorstreathimwell;treathimas/likeachild;treathimtosomefruits(1)n.樂事；樂趣；款待somethingverypleasantandenjoyable,especiallysth.thatyougivesomeoneordoforthem(2)vt.款待；款待；請(客)；買(可享受的東西)topayforsth.thatsb./youwillenjoyandthatyoudonotusuallyhaveordo(3)vt.以……看法對待；以……方式對待tobehaveinaparticularwaytowardssb./sth.(4)vt.治療；醫(yī)治totrytocureanillnessorinjurybyusingdrugs,hospitalcare,operationsetc.(5)vt.把……看作；把……視為todealwith,regard,orconsidersomethinginaparticularwayⅠ.七選五(2024·西藏拉薩市高三第三次模擬)GoinggreenLizzyGreene'sofficialwebsitesaysitall:“Actress,Artist&AnimalLover.”At13,Lizzyhasperformedinchildren'stheater,andsheisatrainedgymnast.SheismostknownforherroleasDawnHarperonNickelodeon'sNicky,Ricky,Dicky&Dawn.NowLizzyistakingonanotherrole—asavoiceforanimals.__1__Shegrewupwithdogs,andherfamily'spetisa110-poundGermanshepherd(牧羊犬)namedJett.Ontheshow,Lizzysharesthescreenwithalovable20-pounddognamedSquishyPaws.Insecondgrade,shestationedherselfoutsideherschooltoaskfordonationstoalocalanimalshelter.__2__NowLizzyisalsospeakingoutforfarmanimals.She'srecentlyjoinedTheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates'MeatlessMondaymovement.SheencouragesyoungpeopletotakeabreakfromeatingmeatonMondays.__3__Andshe'sencouragingtheunder-20crowdtotakepart.Lizzyknowsthatraisinganimalsformeatcausespollution,usesalotofnaturalresourceslikewaterandalsoharmsanimals.__4__Choosingmeat-freemealsonedayaweekisalsoagreatwaytofeelhealthy.ManyK-12schoolsuniversitiesandhospitalsnationwidehavestartedMeatlessMondayprograms.“It'ssoeasytoloveanimals.”Lizzysays.__5__Forsomekid-and-animal-friendlymeatlessrecipes(食譜),visithumanesociety.org/kindnews.A．It'seasytoeatanimal-friendlyfoods,too.B．Lizzyhasonlyjustbegunherbrightcareer.C．AnimalshavealwaysbeenabigpartofLizzy'slife.D．AndLizzysaysshehasalwayswantedtohelpanimals.E．Cuttingmeatfromourdietonceaweekhelpstheenvironment—andanimals.F．Kids'breakfastcanbeassimpleastryingavegetableburgerinsteadofahamburger.G．Afterthemovement,Lizzysaysshewantstosaveafewmorelivesandforcehumanstoeathealthier.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了一個(gè)小女孩演員Lizzy為愛護(hù)動物所做的努力。動物是人類密切的摯友(closefriendsofhumanbeings)，人類是動物信任的伙伴(trustedcompanionsofanimals)。我們每個(gè)人都可以從身邊做起，關(guān)愛小動物。1．C設(shè)空處為本段的總結(jié)句，依據(jù)設(shè)空處后兩句可知，Lizzy和家里的牧羊犬一起長大、和一只叫SquishyPaws的狗一起演出，所以C項(xiàng)(動物始終是Lizzy生活中的重要組成部分)符合文意。故選C。2．D依據(jù)設(shè)空處上一句可知，她向當(dāng)?shù)貏游锸杖菟暾埦杩睿灰罁?jù)設(shè)空處下一句可知她為家畜發(fā)聲，所以D項(xiàng)(而且Lizzy說她始終想幫助動物)承上啟下，符合文意。故選D。3．G依據(jù)設(shè)空處上一句可知，Lizzy想要激勵(lì)年輕人周一不吃肉；依據(jù)設(shè)空處下一句可知Lizzy激勵(lì)20歲以下群體參與，所以G項(xiàng)(兒童的早餐可以簡潔地吃蔬菜漢堡來替代牛肉漢堡)符合文意。故選G。4．E依據(jù)設(shè)空處上一句可知，Lizzy認(rèn)為養(yǎng)用來吃肉的動物會污染環(huán)境、奢侈水、損害動物；依據(jù)設(shè)空處下一句可知每周選擇一天全素食也有利于健康。所以E項(xiàng)(每周從我們的飲食中削減食肉量對環(huán)境和動物都有幫助)符合文意。故選E。5．A依據(jù)設(shè)空處上一句可知，Lizzy認(rèn)為酷愛動物是簡潔的；設(shè)空處下一句介紹了有對兒童和動物友好的素食食譜的網(wǎng)站。所以A項(xiàng)(吃對動物友好的食物也是簡潔的)符合文意。故選A。①gymnastn.體操運(yùn)動員②takeon擔(dān)當(dāng)；具有③stationoneself駐扎(第一段最終一句)NowLizzyistakingonanotherrole—asavoiceforanimals.現(xiàn)在，Lizzy有了另一個(gè)身份——為動物發(fā)聲者。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·江蘇高考改編)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物種)thatare__1__everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto__2__thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir__3__.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir__4__sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas__5__byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected__6__，thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahadnevertakenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She__7__tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada__8__forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertobecomeamother.However,thetwozookeepersdidn'twanttoseetheextinction(滅亡)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda__9__ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This__10__Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe__11__，moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthedecline,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinc-tion.__12__，noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe__13__theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedustheanswer：humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir__14__heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter__15__.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了人類為挽救瀕危野生動物白枕鶴所做的努力。1．A.growing B．migratingC．competing D．disappearing答案：D由后文列舉的面臨滅亡的野生動物白枕鶴的例子可知，每天都有物種在消逝(disappear)，故選D項(xiàng)。2．A.ban B．saveC．split D．remove答案：B由下文提到的Chris和Tim為挽救白枕鶴所做的努力可知，科學(xué)家們始終在盡最大努力挽救(save)這些物種免于滅亡。savesb./sth.fromdoingsth.“挽救某人/某物免于做某事”，是固定搭配。bansb.fromdoingsth.“禁止某人做某事”。3．A.abortion B．recreationC．reproduction D．a(chǎn)dministration答案：C由第四段中的“artificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction”可知，這兩位飼養(yǎng)員幫助瀕危的白枕鶴繁殖(reproduction)。4．A.care B．eyeC．mind D．story答案：A由下文的敘述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma來到動物園之后始終在照看她。inone'scare“由某人照管”，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的humancaretakers也給出了提示。5．A.found B．chosenC．raised D．seized答案：C由下文中的“becomedeeplyattachedtohumans”可知，她是由人類飼養(yǎng)(raise)大的。6．A.bonus B．consequenceC．victory D．sacrifice答案：B由though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句“盡管她在那里過得很開心”可知，“她是由人類飼養(yǎng)大的”這一事實(shí)導(dǎo)致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。7．A.liked B．refusedC．decided D．hesitated答案：B既然Emma從來不把自己看作是一只鶴，那么她會拒絕(refuse)與雄鶴一起生活。8．A.gift B．skillC．concern D．reputation答案：DEmma特別依戀人類，她從來不把自己看作是一只鶴，拒絕與雄鶴一起生活，甚至?xí)⑺酪恍┬埴Q，并因此出了名。haveareputationfor“有……的名聲”，是固定搭配。9．Abination B．collectionC．strategy D．system答案：A人工繁殖和自然繁殖是兩種繁殖方式，此處指動物園飼養(yǎng)員把這兩種方式勝利地結(jié)合起來了，故選combination(結(jié)合，聯(lián)合)。10．A.forced B．forbadeC．taught D．enabled答案：D這種結(jié)合使Emma生了五只幼鶴。enablesb.todosth.“使某人做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此處的語境。11．A.defeated B．gratefulC．a(chǎn)ssured D．tolerant答案：C由but表示的轉(zhuǎn)折含義以及后面提到的“必需付出更多的努力”可知，他們現(xiàn)在還不能確定(assured)。12．A.Incontrast B．AfterallC．Bytheway D．Onthecontrary答案：B出現(xiàn)這種狀況的緣由是，終歸(afterall)不是每個(gè)人都意識到野生動物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，還有同等的生存權(quán)利。13．A.leave B．bridgeC．open D．identify答案：B句意：我們怎樣才能彌合我們與其他動物之間日益擴(kuò)大的鴻溝呢？bridgethegap“消退隔閡/鴻溝/分歧”，是固定搭配。14．A.brains B．behaviorsC．services D．projects答案：A上文提到不是每個(gè)人都意識到野生動物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，還有同等的生存權(quán)利，人類天經(jīng)地義地認(rèn)為他們的大腦(brain)擁有全部的解決方案。15．A.guide B．treatC．example D．companion答案：A人類天經(jīng)地義地認(rèn)為他們的大腦擁有全部的解決方案，但或許他們的心可以成為一個(gè)更好的向?qū)?guide)。Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence__1__theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen__2__(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods__3__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__4__(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut__5__(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa__6__(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby__7__(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare__8__(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of__9__nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__10__(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北極熊種群數(shù)量越來越少、亟須愛護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀。1．that考查同位語從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明說明evidence的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分且意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。2．poorly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞studied應(yīng)用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。3．of/for考查介詞。amethodof/fordoingsth.“做某事的方法”。4．toperform考查非謂語動詞。此處是“主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。5．havereported考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“inrecentyears”可推斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。6．belief考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)空格前的不定冠詞a可知，此處應(yīng)填believe的名詞形式belief。7．noting考查非謂語動詞。介詞后接動詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用其動名詞形式。respondbydoingsth.“通過做某事回應(yīng)”。8．higher考查形容詞的比較級。依據(jù)空格后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用high的比較級形式higher。9．the考查冠詞。此處特指確認(rèn)的19個(gè)亞種群，故用定冠詞the。10．a(chǎn)re考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；six指代sixpolarbearsubpopulations，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)?！局攸c(diǎn)語法】Ⅳ.寫作新題型——概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。HackingPlantsfortheFutureHackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.PlantsuselessthanIpercentoftheenergyavailabletothem.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,scientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.StephenLongcomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelensesdarkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythoughtt