2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD教學(xué)知識細(xì)解碼學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD1．refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于→referencen．指稱關(guān)系；參考2．basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；依據(jù)→basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的3．varyvt.&vi.使多樣化；改變→varietyn．(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→variousadj4．globen．球體；地球儀；地球→globaladj.全球的；全世界的5．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.觀賞；重視；感謝；領(lǐng)悟vi.增值→appreciationn．觀賞；感謝；感謝6．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→equallyadv.相同地；同樣地→equalityn．同等7．describevt.&vi.描述；描寫→descriptionn1．majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；特地探討①LiMingwantstomajorinphysicsatcollege.主修②Environmentprotectionisamajorevent.重要的③HeisamajorinFrenchatStanford.主修學(xué)生2．charactern．文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)①Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson'scharacter;however,theyarenotalwayspermanent.性格②Byopeninganovel,IcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.角色③ThewholecharacterofthevillagehaschangedsincethelasttimeIwashere.特點(diǎn)④Lastnight，Ihadaninterestingdream.InthedreamIaccidentallygotamagicpenwithwhichIcouldwritebeautifulChinesecharacters.文字3．specificadj.特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的n．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)；詳情①Isthisgamemeantforaspecificagegroup？特定的②Hegaveusveryspecificinstruction.明確的③Ican'tgointospecifics，butIcantellyouthatwehaveanagreement.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)WordsandPhrases學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1nativeadj.誕生地的；本地的；土著的n．本地人(教材P60)HowmanybillionpeoplespeaktheUN'sofficiallanguagesastheirnativeorsecondlanguage?有多少億人把聯(lián)合國的官方語言作為他們的母語或其次語言？[例1]Asamatteroffact，F(xiàn)renchisnotmynativelanguage.事實(shí)上，法語不是我的母語。[例2]IsheruncleanativeofShanghai，orjustavisitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，還是只是一名游客？[學(xué)問拓展](1)sb.'snativecountry/land/language 某人的祖國/家鄉(xiāng)/母語benativeto 原產(chǎn)于……(2)beanativeof...……的人；生長于……的動(dòng)物或植物[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Duringtheirvisittothatcountry，theycommunicatedwithnatives(native)therehappily.②TheresearchersaysthetigerisnativetoIndia.③Youcantellfromhisblueeyesthatheisn't_a_native_ofChina.你可以從他的藍(lán)眼睛看出他不是中國本地人。[小片段填空]Frenchisnotmynativetongue.I'manativeofthisplace.(native)學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱(教材P60)Pronounsrefertosomethingorsomebodymentionedearlier.代詞指的是前面提到的某件事或某個(gè)人。[例1]Youcanrefertomynotesifyoureviewwhatyouhavestudied.你假如復(fù)習(xí)你所學(xué)功課的話，可以參考我的筆記。[例2]Theregulationsreferonlytochildren.這些規(guī)定只適用于兒童。[學(xué)問拓展](1)referto...as... 把……稱作……(2)referencen. 言及；提及；參考；查閱[即學(xué)即練]寫出下列句中黑體部分的含義①Noonereferredtothematteragain.提及②WhenIsaidsomepeoplewerestupidIwasn'treferringtoyou.指的是③Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.有關(guān)；適用于④Ifyoudon'tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword，youmayrefertothedictionary.查閱⑤PeoplerefertoWuyuanasoneofthemostbeautifulvillageinChina.把……稱作是學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；依據(jù)(教材P62)Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.起初，書寫漢語是一種基于圖畫的語言。[例1]Pleasedorememberthatsuccessisbasedonhardwork.請肯定要記住，勝利基于艱苦的努力。[例2]Heusedthehouseasabaseforhisprintingbusiness.他把房子用作印刷業(yè)的基地。[學(xué)問拓展](1)base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上bebasedon/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)(2)basisn. 基礎(chǔ)，主要成分(3)basicadj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的(4)basedadj.以……為基礎(chǔ)的，以……為重要部分的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Wealwaysbaseourideaon/uponfacts.②Thesuggestionwasmadeonthebasis(base)ofsecond-handinformation.③Therighttoworkisabasic(base)rightofthecitizens.④這家餐廳以信任為基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。a．Therestaurantis_based_on_trust,_anditisworkingallright.b．Based__on_trust,_therestaurantisworkingallright.[小片段填空]Basedonthedifferenttechnologies，teaisdividedintothreebasictypes.(base)學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4dateback(to...)追溯到(教材P62)Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu...它可以追溯到數(shù)千年前運(yùn)用龍骨的時(shí)期……[例1]AsfarasIknow，theoldtowndatesfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.據(jù)我所知，這個(gè)古老的城鎮(zhèn)可追溯到初唐時(shí)期。[例2]ThereisawoodentowerdatingbacktotheQingDynastyinthevillage.村子里有一座清朝的木塔。[學(xué)問拓展](1)datebackto＝datefrom 追溯到……(2)outofdate 過時(shí)的，陳舊的(3)uptodate 最新的，最近的[名師點(diǎn)津](1)datefrom與datebackto都用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語等。(2)談?wù)摤F(xiàn)存的物品或建筑物時(shí)，雖然這一事物建立于過去某一時(shí)期，但datefrom和datebackto卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Ourfriendshipdates(date)backto1960.②Alotofnewwordsgooutofdateveryquickly.③IamveryuptodateonthissortofthingbecauseIlistentothenews.④追溯到唐朝的古老建筑保存得很好。a．Theoldbuildingdating_from/back_totheTangDynastyisingoodcondition.b.Theoldbuildingwhichdates_from/back_totheTangDynastyisingoodcondition.學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5varietyn．(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化(教材P62)Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.隨著時(shí)間的推移，書寫體系發(fā)展成不同的形式，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)人們居住在不同的地理區(qū)域，導(dǎo)致了多種方言和文字的形成。[例1]Inmyfreetime，I'dliketotakeexercise，suchasswimming，runningandavarietyofballgames.在業(yè)余時(shí)間，我喜愛熬煉，例如：游泳、跑步和各種各樣的球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。[例2]Susan'sideaoffreedomwastohavevarietyinherlifestyle.蘇珊心目中的自由就是擁有多樣的生活。[學(xué)問拓展](1)avarietyof＝varietiesof 多種多樣的(2)variousadj. 不同的；各種各樣的forvariousreasons 由于種種緣由(3)varyvt.&vi. varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動(dòng)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theauthorgavevarious(vary)resonsforhavingwrittenthebook.②Wehavevarieties(variety)offlowersinourgarden.③Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.[小片段填空]Awidevarietyofactivitieshavebeenofferedtovariousstudentsafterclassinthelastthreemonths.Theseactivitiesvaryfromplayingtabletennistoplayingchess.(vary)學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6meansn．方式；方法；途徑(教材P62)WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.書寫漢語也成為聯(lián)系中國現(xiàn)在與過去的一種重要形式。[例1]ThereisnodoubtthatWeChatisanimportantmeansofcommunication.毫無疑問，微信是一種重要的溝通工具。[例2]Studentsbuilduptheirvocabulariesbymeansofreading.學(xué)生通過閱讀的方法增加詞匯量。[學(xué)問拓展](1)ameansofcommunication 一種通訊/溝通工具(2)bythismeans 通過這種方法bymeansof 用……方法；借助……bynomeans決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try)，butnonehasworked.②Allpossiblemeanshave_been_tried(try)，butnonehasworked.③Thefirefightersputoutthebigfireby_means_of(借助)thisscientificmethod.④By_no_means(絕不)canyougiveupwhenyouareintrouble.學(xué)問要點(diǎn)7regardn．敬重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待(教材P62)ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform，knownasChinesecalligraphy，whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.中國人對中國書寫體系的高度重視體現(xiàn)在漢字的發(fā)展中，漢字作為一種藝術(shù)形式，被熟知為中國書法，已經(jīng)成為中國文化的重要組成部分。[例1]IregardthisnovelasoneofthebestoneIhaveeverread.我認(rèn)為這是我讀過的最好的小說中的一部。[例2]Myroommateshowslittleregardforothers.我的室友很少關(guān)切別人。[學(xué)問拓展](1)regard/consider...as... 認(rèn)為……是……(2)havehigh/noregardfor... 高度關(guān)注/無視……with/inregardtosth. 關(guān)于某事giveone'sregardstosb. 向某人致意；代……向某人問候(3)regardingprep. 關(guān)于，至于[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Nooneshowedtheleastregardto/forhisfeelings.②ThegiantpandaisregardedasthesymbolofChengdu.③IfyoueverseeGeorge,givehimmykindregards(regard)．④Thegovernmenthasdeclareditsstrongpositionregarding(regard)thepreventionofriverpollution.學(xué)問要點(diǎn)8appreciatevt.觀賞；重視；感謝；領(lǐng)悟vi.增值(教材P62)AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國際學(xué)生起先通過漢語這一奇異的語言了解和觀賞中國的文化和歷史。[例1]Manypeoplecan'tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.很多人沒有充分相識到定期熬煉的重要性。[例2]Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbackthisafternoon.＝Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcallbackthisafternoon.假如今日下午你能回電話，我將不勝感謝。[學(xué)問拓展](1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重視/感謝……Iwouldappreciateitif... 假如……，我將不勝感謝(2)appreciationn. 觀賞；感謝[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Iappreciatebeing_given(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.②Igreatlyappreciateyourbringing(bring)mesomuchenjoyment.③HereIsincerelyexpressmyappreciation(appreciate)ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.④I'd_appreciate_it_ifyouletmeknowwhetheryouarefreeinadvance.假如你提前告知我你是否有空我將不勝感謝。[小片段填空]Haveyoueverdreamedofperforminginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert，atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic？Thisappreciationsurelycanmotivateyoutodoyourbest.(appreciate)SentencePatterns重點(diǎn)句式1“of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P62)Thatwritingsystemwasof_great_importanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.該書寫體系對于統(tǒng)一中國人民和中國文化都具有重要意義。[句式分析]ofgreatimportance屬于“of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于veryimportant。[例1]Whatyouaresayingisofnointerest(＝notinteresting)tome.你說的話讓我提不起愛好。[例2]Hisopinionisconsideredtobeofgreatvalue(＝veryvaluable)．大家一樣認(rèn)為他的觀點(diǎn)很有價(jià)值。[學(xué)問拓展](1)名詞是use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/benefit/necessity等時(shí)，相當(dāng)于其名詞所對應(yīng)的形容詞，這類名詞前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等詞修飾。(2)名詞是age/shape/colour/size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight等時(shí)，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，這類名詞前可用thesame，different，good等修飾。[即學(xué)即練]句型轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子①Smokingisofnobenefittoyou.→Smokingisnot_beneficialtoyou.②Thislineisaslongasthatone.→Thetwolinesareof_the_same_length.③IfeelhappythattheworkI'mdoingisof_much_value.我很興奮，我做的這項(xiàng)工作特別有價(jià)值。④Yourskirtisof_the_same_sizewithminebutof_different_colours.你的裙子和我的裙子大小相同但顏色不同。⑤Theseflagsareof_different_colours.這些旗幟顏色不同。⑥Havingtheanswersreadywill_be_of_great_help.打算好答案會很有幫助。重點(diǎn)句式2nomatterwhere/what...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(教材P62)Eventoday，no_matter_whereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今日，不論住在哪里，也不論說何種方言，中國人都仍能通過書寫(文字)進(jìn)行溝通。[句式分析]Nomatterhow/what/when...，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。[例1]Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis，weshouldnotloseheart.無論問題有多難，我們都不應(yīng)當(dāng)丟失信念。[例2]Nomatterwhat/Whateveryousay，Iwon'tbelieveyouanylonger.無論你說什么，我再也不信任你了。[學(xué)問拓展](1)nomatterhow意為“不管；無論如何”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于however。(2)“nomatter＋特別疑問詞(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可與特別疑問詞-ever等詞互換。(3)“疑問詞＋ever”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。[即學(xué)即練]句型轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子①Howeverlateitis,hismotherisalwayswaitingforhim.→No_matter_how_late_it_is，hismotherisalwayswaitingforhim.②Whoever/No_matter_who_you_are，youmustobeythelaw.不論你是誰，你必需遵遵守法律律。③Iwouldliketoreadwhichever__book__you_recommend.無論你舉薦哪本書，我都想讀。1．Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes，despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.[分析]本句為復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾civilisation；despite是介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語作狀語。[譯文]盡管在歷史上經(jīng)驗(yàn)了多次盛衰，但始終持續(xù)至今的古老文明讓中國著名世界。2．Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.[分析]本句主句為：the_system_developed_into_different_forms;_as引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句，緣由狀語從句包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞time；leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters為v.-ing作結(jié)果狀語。[譯文]隨著時(shí)間的推移，書寫體系發(fā)展成不同的形式，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)人們居住在不同的地理區(qū)域，導(dǎo)致了多種方言和文字的形成。教材高考1.Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)2.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)3.Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand...Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.(2024·浙江卷)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.You'dbetterlearnsomebasic(base)Chinesebeforeyoucometoourschool.Onlyinthiswaycanyougetusedtothelifeheresoon.2．—Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?—Yes.Iappreciatebeing_invited(invite)toyourbirthdayparty.3．Asaresult，weoftentakepartinvarieties(various)ofafter-schoolactivities.4．Chinesewritingwasfirstdonebycarving(carve)symbolsonbonesandshells.5．Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming，is_regarded(regard)asoneofthebestformsofexercise.6．Weneedtoholdbackglobal(globe)warmingandprepareforitsbadeffects.7．SometimesIenjoyplaying(play)thepiano，butsometimesIfinditreallyboring.8．Allpossiblemeanswillbe_tried(try)tofindawaytosettletheproblem.9．Whatisyourattitudetowards/toseniorhighstudentstakingupapart-timejob?10．Asisknowntous，thepandaisnativetoChina.Ⅱ.短語填空upsanddowns，ofgreatimportance，basedon，anumberof，datebackto，referto，varietiesof，bymeansof，regardedas，accordingto1．It'sof_great_importancetostudyEnglishwell.2．Thecompanyhasundergonemanyups_and_downs.3．Varieties_ofbooksarebeingsoldatthisbookshop.4．Themarathonrace_dates_back_toawarbetweenthePersianEmpireandtheGreeks.5．Thisnovelisbased_on