中考英語復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講義

第一節(jié)語法一致一、名詞/代詞作主語單數(shù)名詞/代或不可數(shù)名在中作主語時，謂語動詞用數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！纠縃erideaabouttheproblemisverynovelandinteresting.她對這個問題的看法非常新穎有趣。Leaveschangecolorinautumn.樹葉在秋天改變顏色。Thoselookalittlebetterthanthese.那些看上去比這些更好一點兒。（一）“manya(n)+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式?！纠縈anyastudenthaspassedthefinalexamaftercarefulpreparation.許多學(xué)生在認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備后通過了期末考試。（二）“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”在意義上雖有復(fù)數(shù)概念，但作主語時謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式?！癿ore+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！纠縈orethanonepersontakespartinthisactivity.不止一個人參加這項活動。Morevisitorsthanonehavecomplainedabouttheweatherhere.不止一名游客抱怨過這里的天氣。（三）常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有clothes,belongings（財物）,earnings（薪水，收入）,savings（積蓄，存款）,surroundings（環(huán)境）,odds（可能性概率）,remains（剩余物，殘留物）等?！纠縏heclothesarenotsuitableforeverydaywear.這些衣服不適合日常穿。（四）and或both...and...連接并列主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果并列主語指的是同一個人、物、概念或一個不可分割的整體時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。【例】JaneandMarydecidetotakeatriptoParisnextmonth.簡和瑪麗決定下個月去巴黎旅行。Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.社會秩序?qū)Τ植煌斡^點的人意味著不同的東西。（五）“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致?！纠縏wothirdsofthefoodhasbeensenttothatarea.三分之二的食物已經(jīng)被送往那個地區(qū)了。Ninetypercentofthesethoughtsdonotwork.這些想法中的90%都不奏效。（六）anumberof+名詞/代詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；thenumberof+名詞/代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！纠緼numberofchildrenareplayinginthepark.一些孩子正在公園里玩耍。Thenumberofvisitorsisincreasingrapidly.游客的人數(shù)正在迅速增加。（七）“aquantityof/alotof/lotsof/plentyof...+不可數(shù)名/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)通常與of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。但“quantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。【例】Avastquantityofbeerwassoldyesterday.昨天賣出了大量的啤酒。Alargequantityofbooksweredonatedtothechildreninpoorarea.大量的書籍捐贈給了貧困地區(qū)的孩子。Greatquantitiesofsandwerewasheddownthehillsidebytherain.大量的沙子被雨水沖下了山坡。（八）“分類詞+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與分類詞的數(shù)保持一致。常用的分類詞有：sort,kind,form,piece,portion,series,species,section,type等?！纠縏hiskindofcompetitionisnotwhatwewant.這種競爭并不是我們想要的。Allkindsofflowersblossominspring.各種各樣的花兒在春天綻放。（九）不定式（短語）動名詞（短語）“疑問詞/whether+不定式（短語）”和從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。從句作主語時，若主句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，句謂語動詞的數(shù)通常由作表語的名詞或代詞決定?！纠縍eadingwithoutcomprehensionisnotgoodforimprovingone’sstudy.只閱讀不理解對促進(jìn)一個人的學(xué)習(xí)沒有好處。Howtodealwiththematterisstillunderdiscussion.如何處理這件事仍在討論中。Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.她來與不來并不是很重要。Whattheyneedisnotmoney.Whattheyneedaregoodteachers.他們需要的不是錢。他們需要的是好老師。二、“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)從句一般是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的，所以從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而one之前有the,theonly,themere,thevery等修飾時，從句一般是修飾one的，所以從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。【例】Jeffisoneofthejournaliststhatwereawardedaprizeatthattime.杰夫是當(dāng)時獲獎的新聞記者之一。Jeffistheonlyoneofthejournaliststhatwasawardedaprizeatthattime.杰夫是當(dāng)時唯一獲獎的新聞記者。第二節(jié)就近/就遠(yuǎn)原則一、就近原則顧名思義，就是謂語動詞與最近的名詞保持一致。（一）由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接并列主語時，遵循就近原則，即謂語動詞應(yīng)與最靠近它的主語一致。【例】EitherheorIamwrong.不是他錯，就是我錯。Maryoryouaretoblameforthefault.要么瑪麗要么你該為這個錯誤負(fù)責(zé)。EitheryouorheisgoingtoParis.Onlyonepersonmaygothere.要么你，要么他去巴黎。只有一個人可以去那里。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.不僅學(xué)生而且這位老師也喜歡聽音樂。（二）therebe句型的謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離其最近的主語保持一致。【例】Thereisonegirlandtenboysinourclass.我們班上只有一個女孩和十個男孩。Therearetenboysandonegirlinourclass.我們班上有十個男孩和一個女孩。二、就遠(yuǎn)原則主語后跟aswellas,asmuchas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,including,followedby,inadditionto,like,unlike,except,but,besides,nolessthan,ratherthan,accompaniedby,insteadof,morethan等引出的短語時，謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與前面主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，即遵循“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。【例】Thegirl,togetherwithherfriends,isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.這個周末那個女孩兒和她的朋友將要去野餐。TheGreenswithTomaredrivingtoattendtheparty.格林夫婦和湯姆一起開車去參加這個聚會。第三節(jié)概念/意義一致原則意義一致則是要看主語的內(nèi)容或者意義表達(dá)的是單數(shù)意思還是復(fù)數(shù)意思。一、集體名詞作主語時，若強調(diào)整體則謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若強調(diào)個體則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見這類名詞有committee,family,group,class,army,enemy等。【例】Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.警察抓住了盜賊。Myfamilyaremywealth.我的家人們是我的財富。Myfamilyisabigone.我家是一個大家庭?！咀⒁狻繂螐?fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，視其意義而定。二、表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的詞語作主語，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！纠縁ifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.對我來說，十五英里似乎是一段很長的路。Tendaysisenough.十天足夠了。Twentydollarsistoomuchforthisoldcoin.這枚古幣不值20美元。?知識鞏固一、單項選擇1.Thestudentsaswellastheteacher________footballeverySunday.A.plays B.play C.playing D.toplay2.Look!There______somepencilsonthetable.A.are B.is C.was D.were3.Eitheryouoryoursister________becauseoneofyoumuststayathome.A.go B.goes C.going D.togo4.There________somemilk,someeggsandafewapplesonthetable.A.is B.are C.has D.have5.Eitheryouorhe________ashowerfirst.A.take B.taking C.totake D.takes6.NotonlyshebutalsoI______interestedinMaths.A.is B.are C.am D.be7.Everymeans_____________triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.aretobe D.istobe8.________theteachersintheirschoolisabout200and________themarewomenteachers.A.Anumberof;thenumberof B.Anumberof;anumberofC.Thenumberof;anumberof D.Thenumberof;thenumberof9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were10.Markistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat______agoodcommandofpublicspeakingskillsinhisclass.A.had B.have C.has D.havehad11.Jenny,alongwithtwoboysinourschool,______toLondontoattendaninternationalmeetingtheotherday.A.areinvited B.isinvited C.wereinvited D.wasinvited12.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.A.havegiven B.willgive C.gave D.hasgiven13.Happiness______whenpeoplemanagetokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.A.achieves B.achieve C.isachieved D.areachieved14.Everyboyandgirl______readingthisinterestingstorybook.A.like B.haveliked C.likes D.liked15.Themanaswellashiswifeandchildren______onthes