2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit1Natureinthebalance教學(xué)知識細(xì)解碼學(xué)案含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit1Natureinthebalance依據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．harmn．&vt.損害，損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的2．longadj.長的，長時間的→lengthn．長，長度；時間的長短；篇幅，(電影)片長3．survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難→survivaln．殘存物；幸存事物→survivorn．生還者；生還者4．disappearvi.不復(fù)存在，滅亡，消亡；消逝；失蹤→disappearancen．消逝；失蹤5．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學(xué)→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的1．varietyn．不同種類；改變，多樣性；變種，變體①Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdishesonoffer.不同種類②Wewantmorevarietyinourwork.改變，多樣性③Applescomeinagreatmanyvarieties.變種，變體2．livingadj.活著的，活的；在運用的n．生計，謀生；生活方式①Fathernevertalkedaboutwhathedidforaliving.生計②Chineseisoneofthemostbeautifullanguagesthatislivingintheworld.在運用的③HeisthefinestlivingpianistthatIhaveeverseen.活著的WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點1)harmn．&vt.損害，損害(教材P1)Thehumanracehasdonemuchharm.人類已經(jīng)造成了很多危害。[例1]Whatshouldbedonetopunishpeoplewhodoharmtotheanimals?應(yīng)當(dāng)做些什么來懲處那些損害動物的人呢？[例2]Toomuchdirectsunlightwillharmtheplants.過多的陽光直射會損害植物。[造句]他們對熱帶雨林造成了嚴(yán)峻危害。Theydidseriousharmtotropicalrainforest.[學(xué)問拓展](1)dosb./sth.harm＝doharmtosb./sth. 對……有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth. 做某事并無害處(2)harmfuladj. 有害的beharmfulto... 對……有害(3)harmlessadj. 無害的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Walkingintheairfullofsmogisharmful(harm)tous.②Drinkingtoomuchdoesharmtoyourhealth.③Thereisnoharmsaying(say)sorrytohimfirst.④Weallknowthatsmokingdoes(do)harmtoourhealth.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點2)varietyn．不同種類；改變，多樣性；變種，變體(教材P3)Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信的野生動植物得以生存。[例1]Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我們都須要飲食多樣化。[例2]I'malwayspleasedtotryoutanewvariety.我始終樂于嘗試新品種。[造句]我們有各種款式和尺碼的貨品。Westockawidevarietyofstylesandsizes.[歸納拓展](1)avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various 各種各樣的；不同種類的(2)varyv. 改變多；改變；使多樣化varyfrom...to... 從……到……不等； 在……到……之間變動varywith... 隨……而變動[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Forvarious(variety)reasons，wecouldn'tattendherwedding.②Studentsareofferedvarieties(variety)ofcoursesinthisdepartment.③ThatsortofthingvariesfrompersontopersoninAfricancountries.④Themenuintherestaurantvarieswiththeseason.[小片段助記]Iamgladthatourstudentshavevarietiesofquestionstoaskinclass，andIwouldlovetoanswertheminvariousways.Inaddition，thequestionsvaryfrompersontoperson.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點3)survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難(教材P3)Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere，theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain.盡管相當(dāng)多的美洲豹在這里生存，但它們只是這個雨林食物鏈的一個要素。[例1]Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?能保存很長一段時間就足夠了嗎？[例2]Ican'tsurviveon￡20aweek.我每周靠20英鎊難以生存。[造句]很多鳥死于這次嚴(yán)冬。Manybirdsdidn'tsurvivetheseverewinter.[歸納拓展](1)survivesth. 幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來surviveon 依靠……生活survivesb.by... 比某人多活……(2)survivaln. 生存；幸存(3)survivorn. 生還者，生還者[名師點津]survive作“幸存；幸免于難”解時為及物動詞，其后干脆接賓語，不用介詞in或from。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theoldwomansurvivedherowndaughterbytenyears.②IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchancesofsurvival(survive)areverysmall.③Heisluckytohavesurvived(survive)theterribleaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點4)breakdown使分解(為)，使改變(成)(教材P3)Whenajaguardies，atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.當(dāng)美洲豹死亡時，一小群微生物幫助分解它的尸體，并將養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)還給大地。[例1]Peacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.兩國之間的和平談判裂開，沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。[例2]Thecomputersystembrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformation.在他搜尋資料時，電腦系統(tǒng)突然壞了。[造句]塑料袋很難分解。Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.[歸納拓展]breakup 裂開，絕交；解散；裂開breakin 闖進(jìn)；打斷breakinto 闖入；侵占breakout (斗爭、火災(zāi)、疫病等)暴發(fā)breakthrough 突破；沖破；有重要發(fā)覺breakawayfrom 逃脫；脫離[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①It'sveryimpoliteofyoutobreakinwhilewe'retalking.②Hishousewasbroken(break)intolastnight.③Whenthewarbrokeout，hewasonlyfour.④Mygirlfriendhasbrokenupwithme.[小片段助記]Unfortunately，thepeacetalksbrokedownintheend.Asaresult，awarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.Thenativepeoplehadtobreakawayfromtheirhomesandsufferedalotfromthewar.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點5)dueto由于，因為(教材P3)Overthepast50years，about17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarming.在過去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛等人類活動，大約17%的雨林消逝了。[例1]InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates.在印度北部，由于誕生率高，人口正在快速增長。[例2]Duetothewidespreaduseofpenicillin，manylivesweresavedduringthewar.正因為青霉素的廣泛應(yīng)用，斗爭期間很多生命得以挽救。[造句]競賽因下雨而延期。Thegamewasputoffduetotherain.[歸納拓展](1)dueadj. 應(yīng)付的；應(yīng)得的；適當(dāng)?shù)?；預(yù)期的；到期的beduetodosth. 預(yù)期/預(yù)定要做某事beduetosb. 應(yīng)支付/應(yīng)賜予/應(yīng)歸于某人bedueforsth. 應(yīng)得到某物(2)表示“由于”的詞組還有：owingto 由于becauseof 因為；由于asaresultof 由于thanksto 多虧；由于onaccountof 由于，因為[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theteamareduetofly(fly)toItalynextmonth.②Themeetingisn'tduetostart(start)untilthree.③Havetheybeenpaidthemoneythatisduetothem?④Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetothebadweather.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點6)damagevt.&n．損害，損害，損壞，破壞(教材P3)．..canweaffordtodamagethe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”？……我們能擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闷饟p傷“地球之肺”的后果嗎？[例1]Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant.對第一株植物造成的損害通常更嚴(yán)峻一些。[例2]Asweallknow，eatingtoomuchfatwilldamageourhealth.眾所周知，攝入太多脂肪會損害我們的健康。[造句]暴雨對莊稼造成了很大的損害。Theheavyrainhasdone/causedgreatdamagetothecrops.[歸納拓展]do/causedamageto...對……造成損害damageone'shealth損害某人的健康[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetothecity.②Itwilltakeseveralmonthstorepairtheshipdamaged(damage)inthestorm.③Asweknow，smokingseriouslydamages(damage)ourhealth.④Theyhaverepairedthebuildingsdamaged(damage)inthefire.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點7)buildup漸漸增加，擴大(教材P5)Foranotherthing，duetotheAmazon'shotclimate，itisdifficultforthesoiltobuildupenoughnutrients.另一方面，由于亞馬孫的燥熱氣候，土壤很難積累足夠的養(yǎng)分。[例1]Thesecrettooilpaintingistobuilduplayeronlayeronacanvas.畫油畫的秘訣就是在畫布上涂上一層又一層(的顏料)。[例2]Trafficisbuildinguponroadsintothecity.來往的車輛在通往市區(qū)的道路上越聚越多。[造句]當(dāng)時各方面的壓力漸漸增加，那家工廠每況愈下。Allthepressurebuiltupatthattimeandthefactorywentfrombadtoworse.[歸納拓展]buildsth.up 創(chuàng)建；開發(fā)buildupone'sstrength 復(fù)原體力buildsb.up 增加體質(zhì)buildupone'svocabulary 增加詞匯量buildon 把……建立于；依靠[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Youcanbuildonhishonesty.②Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutobuildupyourstrengthagain.③Shehasbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.④Greenhousegasescontinuetobuildupintheatmosphere，causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)倍數(shù)＋thesizeof...(教材P2)Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina．亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬平方公里，相當(dāng)于中國面積的一半以上。[句式分析]本句中用了“倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/length/width/height/weight...)＋of＋被比較的對象”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。[例1]Beijingistentimesthesizeofmyhometown.北京是我家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。[例2]Thisriveristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.這條河是那條河的三倍長。[造句]那架飛機的飛行高度是那只風(fēng)箏的十倍。Theplaneflewtentimestheheightofthekite.[學(xué)問拓展]常見的倍數(shù)表示法：(1)倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.(原級)＋as...(2)倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than...(3)倍數(shù)＋what從句[翻譯]①Thistableisthreetimeslonger(三倍長)thanthatone.②Thepriceofthehousethisyearistwicewhatitwaslastyear(是去年的兩倍).[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Thisbridgeisfivetimesthewidth(wide)ofthatone.②Theredrulerisfourtimeslonger(long)thantheyellowone.③Thecityistentimesasbig(big)asmyhometown.④AnewiPhonecostsaboutthreetimesthepriceofasecond-handone.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)“表語＋系動詞＋主語”倒裝句式(教材P3)Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落葉。[句式分析]本句為完全倒裝句。作表語的介詞短語abovethat位于句子開頭，整句進(jìn)行了全部倒裝。正常語序為Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloorisabovethat。[例1]Inthemiddleofthehallwasstandingatallyoungman.在大廳中心站著一個高個子的年輕人。[例2]Amongtheguestsisthepersonyouarelookingfor.你找的那個人就在客人當(dāng)中。[造句]窗戶旁邊是一位哀痛的母親。Nearthewindowisasadmother.[學(xué)問拓展]須要完全倒裝的狀況：(1)當(dāng)作表語的“介詞短語/形容詞/分詞”置于句首時，句子要用全部倒裝，構(gòu)成“表語(介詞短語/形容詞/分詞)＋連系動詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)表示地點、時間、方向等的介詞短語放在句首時。常見的介詞有：among，between，in，at，beneath等。(3)表示方向、地點和時間的副詞in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，then，here等放于句首，若主語是名詞而不是代詞時，要全部倒裝。[翻譯]①Herecomesthebus(汽車來了).②Infrontofourschoolstands(我們學(xué)校前面聳立著)atower.[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Sittinginthehallwere(be)thetwoastronautswhowereveryyoung.②Herecomes(come)agoodchancethatyoucanuseyoursummervacationtogoonstudytours.③Onthewallare(be)hangingtwooldpaintings.④PresentattheeveningpartyonThursdaywas(be)ourEnglishteacher.1．(教材P2)TheAmazonRiver，fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname，iscloseto6，400kilometresinlength—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.[分析]此句為主從復(fù)合句，其中fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname為“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞TheAmazonRiver。[譯文]亞馬孫河接近6400公里長，比長江大約還長100公里，亞馬孫雨林便是由其得名。2．(教材P3)Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld，hometodifferentkindsoflivingthings.[分析]此句為簡潔句。hometodifferentkindsoflivingthings是名詞world的同位語。[譯文]雨林的每一層都形成了自己的小世界，是各種生物的家園。3．(教材P3)Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger，weareleftwithaquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”？[分析]此句為主從復(fù)合句。其中As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候，隨著……”。canweaffordtodamagethe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”是名詞question的同位語。[譯文]人類活動的影響不斷增大，瀕危物種名單越來越長，這留給我們一個問題：我們能擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闷饟p傷“地球之肺”的后果嗎？教材高考1.Thehumanracehasdonemuchharm.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.2.Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Therearedifferentkindsoffruittreesaswellasavarietyofanimals.3.Whenajaguardies，atinyarmyofmicro-organismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.(2024·天津卷)Jones'ideahasbeenfullyrealized—the“HAPPYTOCHAT”bencheshelpbreakdowntheinvisiblesocialbarrierthatkeepspeoplefromsayinghello.4.Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger，weareleftwithaquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”？(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thepollutedairaroundisharmful(harm)toourhealth.2．Hewasorderedtopaydamages(damage)totaling$3，000.3．Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.4．Sheistheonlysurvivor(survive)intheaccident.5．Apoliceofficercametoourhelpwhenourcarbrokedownontheway.6．Theband'sfirstalbumisduetocome(come)outthismonth.7．Buildyourselfuptopeakperformanceonthedayoftheexam.8．Theproductionisnowthreetimeswhatitwasfiveyearsago.9．Infrontofourhouselies(lie)ariverwhereweusedtoswim.10．Theislandofferssuchawidevariety(vary)ofsceneryandwildlife.Ⅱ.短語填空inturn；breakdown；breathelifeinto；dueto；buildup；feedon；indangerof；playarolein；morethan；beknownas1．Increasedproductionwill，inturn，leadtoincreasedprofits.2．Thegraduatesbreathedlifeintoourbusiness.3．Asisknowntoall，thepandaisindangerofbecomingextinct.4．Ilikehermorethanhersister.5．Thecountryneedsnewleadershipifsheistoplayaroleinfuturedevel