2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity學(xué)案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit1Alandofdiversity————[單元主題語(yǔ)境]———人與自然之主要國(guó)家地理概況(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)話題：介紹書籍詞數(shù)：302難度：★★★★Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了TomBissell寫的一本關(guān)于咸海和他旅行經(jīng)驗(yàn)的書。8．WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A．Hisfriends'invitation. B．Hisinterestinthecountry.C．Hisloveforteaching. D．Hisdesiretoregainhealth.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe...”可知，是他對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦的愛(ài)好促使他回到這個(gè)國(guó)家。答案：B9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.解析：代詞指代題。依據(jù)其次段的第一句話“然而，他的訪問(wèn)最終涉及的遠(yuǎn)不止于此”可推知that指代上一段的最終一句話也就是他去那里的目的，即寫一篇關(guān)于theAralSea消逝的文章，故選D。答案：D10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A．Romantic. B．Eventful.C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文中的其次、三段，特殊是第三段他被警察懷疑販毒，參與了驚奇的葬禮，后來(lái)又突然遭受沙塵暴、疾病，漁船困在了海里等這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可推知他的烏茲別克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”，故選B。答案：B11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.解析：寫作目的題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，作者先引出書的名字，在其次、三段對(duì)書作了簡(jiǎn)潔介紹，以及最終對(duì)書進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，故作者的目的就是介紹一本書。故選A。答案：A一、語(yǔ)言實(shí)力熟詞生義/詞類活用1．loseone'smind精神錯(cuò)亂，不能自制2．pickup偶然習(xí)得3．getatasteof親身感受4．saddenvt.使哀痛；使難受；使難受5．well-roundedadj.豐滿的；四平八穩(wěn)的；(語(yǔ)句)有表達(dá)力的6．decidedlyadv.的確；確定；明顯二、思維品質(zhì)1．閱讀技巧——?dú)w納不同文章，巧解文章寫作目的題不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的，但寫作目的通常有三種：第一種消遣讀者，讓人發(fā)笑(toentertainreaders)，常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章；其次種勸服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)(topersuadereaders)，常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章；第三種告知讀者某些信息(toinformreaders)，常見(jiàn)于科普類、新聞報(bào)道類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章。歸納文章的寫作目的依靠于對(duì)文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時(shí)有必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對(duì)主題加以歸納。例如第11題，文章第一段提到，TomBissell在幾年之后回到烏茲別克斯坦，想寫一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章，結(jié)果寫成了一本書。接下來(lái)其次、三段具體介紹了書中的內(nèi)容，最終一段是對(duì)這本書的總體評(píng)價(jià)。由此可知，文章的寫作目的是介紹一本書，故選A項(xiàng)。2．分析長(zhǎng)難句并翻譯句子Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.[分析]句中hence后干脆跟了名詞短語(yǔ)thisbook，表示結(jié)果；ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia是thisbook的同位語(yǔ)；關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thisbook；where是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾fromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan。[翻譯]因此有了這本書：《追逐大海：迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈中》，它講解并描述了一次從塔什干到卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦的馬路之旅，在那里，由于海水的緩慢干枯，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命被毀。三、文化素養(yǎng)思索：通過(guò)閱讀這篇文章，你認(rèn)為應(yīng)如何看待國(guó)外的歷史、傳統(tǒng)與文化？我們應(yīng)運(yùn)用辯證思維觀賞外國(guó)歷史、傳統(tǒng)與文化，開(kāi)闊視野。授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第227頁(yè)NO.1單詞——在語(yǔ)境中應(yīng)用，在拓展中記多01核心單詞…………[先識(shí)記](méi)請(qǐng)依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列詞塊1．hireacar租汽車2．occurmoreorless時(shí)時(shí)常地發(fā)生3．graspthemeaning領(lǐng)悟意思4．despitenumerousattempts盡管多次嘗試5．a(chǎn)reformedcharacter改過(guò)自新的人6．a(chǎn)boomincarsales汽車銷售額的劇增7．a(chǎn)mostfascinatingbook一本極其令人著迷的書8．a(chǎn)continuedslipinhouseprices房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)下跌9．a(chǎn)senseofjustice正義感10．a(chǎn)llpossiblemeans全部可能的方法[再拓展]請(qǐng)?zhí)钊肜ㄌ?hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．HeindicatedthatanindicatorshouldgivemesomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)2．Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)3．Apparently，shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)4．Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)5．Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuysabroadbacktoinland，hehastopaysomecustomswhenhepassesthroughtheCustoms.(custom)6．OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)7．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.(apply)8．“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing，”theboytoldthelady.(cross)9．—Whatisthemeaningofthesignonthebottle?—Itmeans“thissideup”．(mean)10．Somesocialistsbelievethatsocialismwillovertimeturnintowhattheyseeasamoreadvancedsystemwithnostate.(social)02閱讀單詞…………標(biāo)注不相識(shí)的單詞，回查單詞表重新記憶□strait□Arctic□ministry□mourn□federal□aircraft□nephew□bakery□cattle□rail□percentage□cable□shave□tram□brake□ferry□seagull□angle□civil□authority□insertNO.2短語(yǔ)——在拼法中記牢，在聯(lián)想中積累[必會(huì)短語(yǔ)]請(qǐng)依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列詞塊1．makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等2．liveon接著存在；接著生存3．markoutthepoints標(biāo)出要點(diǎn)4．keepupthecourage鼓起志氣5．bymeansofatunnel通過(guò)一條通道6．a(chǎn)pplyforascholarship申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金7．takeinoldladies欺瞞老太太們8．a(chǎn)great/goodmanyclosefriends很多密切的摯友9．teamupwithfriends和摯友一起工作10．standbacktoback背靠背地站著[詞匯積累]1．單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞小結(jié)①custom(風(fēng)俗)→Customs(海關(guān))②manner(方式)→manners(禮貌)③paper(紙)→papers(文件)④art(藝術(shù))→arts(文科)⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑥brain(腦袋)→brains(腦力)⑦work(工作)→works(作品；工廠)⑧short(短的)→shorts(短褲)2．與“雇用；辭退”有關(guān)的詞匯①hirevt.&n．雇用②employvt.雇用③takeon雇用④firevt.解雇⑤dismissvt.解雇⑥dischargevt.辭退⑦layoff解雇⑧turnaway解雇NO.3句式——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在學(xué)寫中學(xué)通請(qǐng)依據(jù)提示完成下列句子1．Itislikelythat...“有可能……”另一方面，它更有可能導(dǎo)致過(guò)度焦慮。Ontheotherhand，itismorelikelythatitwillresultinover-anxiety.2．Thatiswhy...“那就是……的緣由”我讀了關(guān)于你們學(xué)校英文報(bào)紙改革的消息，那就是我寫信來(lái)談?wù)勎业目捶ǖ木売?。Ireadaboutthereformofyourschool'sEnglishnewspaper,andthat'swhyI'mwritingtovoicemyopinion.3．It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句據(jù)報(bào)道，這部電影在國(guó)外很受歡迎。ItisreportedthatthefilmiswellreceivedoutsideChina.(2024·高考江蘇卷)授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第228頁(yè)1．meansn．手段；方法[文化金句]You'dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance，whichisalsoameansofshowingyourgoodtablemanners.(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)你最好事先練習(xí)用筷子，這也是展示你良好的餐桌禮儀的一種方式。[歸納拓展](1)bythismeans通過(guò)這種方法bymeansof用……方法；借助……byallmeans確定；務(wù)必；好的；當(dāng)然可以bynomeans決不；一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)byanymeans無(wú)論如何；總之(2)ameansofcommunication一種通訊/溝通工具[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Watchingfilmsisregardedasagoodmeansofentertainment.②Theyhavetriedallmeans，whichpossiblyare(be)helpful，butunfortunatelynotameanshas(have)workedsofar.實(shí)力提升——完成語(yǔ)段③Byanymeans，asstudents，weshouldmasteraforeignlanguagebymeansofourdiligence.What'smore，bynomeansshouldwewasteouryouth.無(wú)論如何，作為學(xué)生，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)借助我們的勤奮駕馭一門外語(yǔ)。并且，我們決不應(yīng)當(dāng)奢侈我們的青春。[實(shí)戰(zhàn)貼士]means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。表示做某事的方法，means后常接ofdoingsth.，一般不接不定式。2．majorityn．大多數(shù)；大半[名人名言]Wheneveryoufindyourselfonthesideofthemajority,itistimetopauseandreflect.—MarkTwain每當(dāng)你發(fā)覺(jué)自己站在大多數(shù)人一邊時(shí)，就是停下來(lái)反思的時(shí)候了?！R克·吐溫[歸納拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多數(shù)……inthe/amajority占多數(shù)(2)majorn．&v．專業(yè)；主修majorin主修……；以……為專業(yè)(3)minorityn．少數(shù)[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Themajorityoffailuresoccur(occur)becausethisprincipleisignored.②Imajoredinarchitecture，andthenItooksomecoursesinmarketing.③There'resomepeopleopposedtotheplan，andtheyareina/themajority(占多數(shù))．實(shí)力提升——詞匯升級(jí)④Whenitcomestoeducation，mostpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.→Whenitcomestoeducation，themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.[實(shí)戰(zhàn)貼士]themajorityof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后接不行數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；后接集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若集合名詞視為整體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若集合名詞考慮個(gè)體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3．electvt.選擇；確定做某事；選舉某人[寫作佳句]IfIamluckyenoughtobeelected，Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.假如我夠幸運(yùn)當(dāng)選的話，我會(huì)盡一切努力為學(xué)生和我們的俱樂(lè)部服務(wù)。[歸納拓展](1)electsb.(as/tobe)＋職位＝beelected(as/tobe)＋職位(職位前無(wú)冠詞)electtodo...選擇或確定……(2)electionn．選舉[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Besides，IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.②Thegovernmentismadeupofmenandwomenelected(elect)bythepeopleofthecountry.③IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection(elect)，thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents'after-classactivities.實(shí)力提升——完成句子④ItissaidthatonlytwostudentswillbeelectedtotakepartinthecomingEnglishspeechcontest.據(jù)說(shuō)只有兩名學(xué)生將被選出去參與即將到來(lái)的英語(yǔ)演講競(jìng)賽。4．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)[寫作佳句]ItoccurredtomethatIstillhadthingstodo，soIwentbacktomyofficeatonce.我突然想起還有事情要做，因此我馬上回到了辦公室。[歸納拓展](1)sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事；某人發(fā)生某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事(2)occurrencen．發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred(occur)．②AgoodideaoccurredtomewhenIwokeupthismorning.實(shí)力提升——一句多譯我突然想起我應(yīng)當(dāng)徹底打掃房間。③ItoccurredtomethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.④IthitmethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.⑤ItstruckmethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.[實(shí)戰(zhàn)貼士]occur結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不能是人，而是想到的事情或it。5．makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生[寫作佳句]Themanwhocanmakealifebyhishobbyishappy.以愛(ài)好謀生的人是華蜜的。[歸納拓展](1)make/earna/one'sliving謀生(2)live/leada(n)．..life過(guò)著……生活come(back)tolife醒悟；變得活躍；復(fù)原生氣bring...backtolife使……醒悟過(guò)來(lái)；給……活力[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——短語(yǔ)填空①Youmakealivingbywhatyouget.②Ilovetowatcheverythingcomingtolifeagaininthespring.實(shí)力提升——翻譯句子③但她從未放棄，努力過(guò)著主動(dòng)的生活。Butshenevergaveupandstruggledtolead/liveanactivelife.6．takein包括；汲??；理解；欺瞞；收留[文化金句]IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance，whichwillhelpyoubettertakeinthepoemstobelearned.我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會(huì)幫助你更好地理解你要學(xué)的詩(shī)歌。[歸納拓展]takeback收回；取回takeoff起飛；匆忙離去；脫下；突然勝利takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用takeup占去；占據(jù)；起先從事[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——一詞多義①Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.包括②Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺瞞③Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.理解④Hewashomeless，sowetookhimin.收留實(shí)力提升——完成句子⑤Hedidn'ttakeinwhathereadbecausehismindwasfocusedonsomethingelse.他沒(méi)有領(lǐng)悟他閱讀的東西，因?yàn)樗乃枷爰性谄渌虑樯?。⑥Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltakeontheburden.盡管前面有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信念勇挑重?fù)?dān)。7．This/Thatiswhy...這/那就是……的緣由[教材原句]Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.這就是為什么今日有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或其次語(yǔ)言。[歸納拓展](1)This/Thatiswhy...這/那就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果)(2)This/Thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤?because從句表示緣由)(3)Thisisthereasonwhy...這就是……的緣由。(4)Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的緣由是……(why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。留意：that不行換成because)[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.實(shí)力提升——句型轉(zhuǎn)換Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.→③Henevergivesup；thisis(thereason)whyhehashadsuchasuccess.→④Hehashadsuchasuccess；thisisbecausehenevergivesup.授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第230頁(yè)[教材與高考]Ⅰ.閱讀理解障礙詞1．閱讀詞匯認(rèn)知①(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim，butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.vt.表明②(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.adj.苛刻的③(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.n.駕馭2．一詞多義①(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.CA.權(quán)威 B．權(quán)力C．當(dāng)局②(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.AA．公民的 B．國(guó)內(nèi)的C．民間的③(北京卷)TheywouldhavethemedicinesentbyrailfromAnchoragetoNenana.AA．鐵路 B．扶手C．橫條④(四川卷)Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.CA．海關(guān) B．關(guān)稅C．風(fēng)俗⑤(四川卷)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.BA．包括 B．汲取C．理解Ⅱ.語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用高頻點(diǎn)1．語(yǔ)法填空①(2024·高考浙江卷)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn'tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear'spunishment(punish)．②(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)However,themajority(major)ofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.③(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehired(hire)eachyearinavarietyofsummerpositions.④(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtful(think)questions.⑤(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)ThemusicfestivalcanhelpyouhaveagoodgraspofChinesefolkmusic.2．完形填空①(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something52tome.Thosebrowneyeswereveryfamiliar.“What'shisname？”Iaskedtheinstructor.“Ben，”hereplied,andimmediatelyIknew.Thatstrangerwasmyson!A．happened B．occurredC．a(chǎn)pplied D．a(chǎn)ppealed解析：下文提到被救的年輕人正是作者的兒子，因此這里表示作者看著昏迷不醒的年輕人，突然想到一件事。somethingoccurredtosb.表示“某人突然想到某事”。答案：B②(安徽卷)Igratefullysatdownwiththeoldladyandwehadahappylunchtogether.AsthemealdrewtoaclosesheaskedhowlongIwouldbeinOrlando.IhadalreadytoldherthatIhadn't46aA．donated B．repairedC．hired D．guided解析：最終一句意為：“我”已經(jīng)告知她“我”沒(méi)有租用(hired)小汽車