語法專題十六 主謂一致【考點精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點通（學(xué)生版）

語法專題十六、主謂一致考點精講考點精講主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。有三條原則：1.語法一致原則2.意義一致的原則3.就近原則考點一、語法一致原則是指主語和謂語動詞在語法形式上保持一致。即主語為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式、從句等，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Coffeeismorepopularinwesterncountries.2、主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)代詞、謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Someboysareplayinginthepark.3、由and或both...and來連接并列主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.[注意]1）但是，并列主語如果表示同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式（這時and后的名詞前沒有冠詞）。例如：TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no,each,every或manya,morethanone修飾時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Manyastudentishavingpracticeinthatfactory.4、如果主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,but,except,besides，including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas，morethan,inadditionto等時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致。AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedthemountain.Maryaswellasherfriendslikesthispainting.5、“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“Thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Alargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis2500.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)“表示“......之一”。OneofmypenfriendsisfromBeijing.noneof后面只能跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如;Noneofthosebooksis/aregood.由one,eachother,everyone,each...and...作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachofushasamathbook.由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞和不定代詞either/neither+of+n.作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyoneknowssmokingcigarettesisbadforhealth.Neitherofthetwocomputersischeap.10、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)，應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.11、由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：Twothirdsofthecountryisdryordesert.30percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.12、glasses,pants,trousers,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果前有“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries(aspecies)of,apairof等+名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.考點二、意義一致原則，是指謂語動詞形式要與主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。以集體名詞army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team,crew，crowd，public等集體名詞作主語時，謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當作主語被看作一個整體時，謂語用單數(shù)，如果被看成是其中的個體成員時，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Ourclassisbetterthananyotherclassesatplayingbasketballinourschool.Ourclassareplayingabasketballmatchtomorrow.2、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people,police,cattle等，作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。而有些名詞如news,politics等以-s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。[注意]population單獨使用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some,most或與分數(shù)、百分數(shù)連用作主語時，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Mostofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.這個城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。Thepopulationinourcountryisverylarge,andeightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.3、當表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價值等數(shù)詞短語作主語，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常被看作一個整體，其謂語用單數(shù)。如：Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.對于我們來說，20年是一段很長的時間。Onethousandpoundsisalotofmoney.一千英鎊是很大一筆錢。4、如果主語由“the+形容詞”擔(dān)任時，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示一類人時，謂語動用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指個人或抽象概念時，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我們國家老人受到很好的照顧。Thesickisoneofthestudentsinourclass.那位病人是我們班的一個學(xué)生。5、“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人或夫婦二人”。做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6、當一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如glasses,trousers（褲子）,shoes，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（貨物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks,compasses（圓規(guī)），但如果這些名詞前有apairof，等量詞修飾時，（clothes被修飾asuitof），謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Yourtrousersneedwashing.你的褲子該洗了。Myglassesarenew.我的眼鏡是新的。Apairofnewshoesisinyoursuitcase.一雙新鞋在你的手提箱里。三、就近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。1、當or，either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...，not...but....，whether...or...等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。EitheryouorLilyistodothecleaningaftersupper.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenwerethere.在therebe或herebe句型，主語不止一個時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的一個主語保持一致。Thereisadeskatableandthreechairsintheroom.考點精練考點精練中考語法—主謂一致專項練習(xí)（共計50小題，每小題2分，總分100分。）1.Eachofus________WeChat(微信)nowadays,eventheoldpeople.A.plays B.play C.playing D.played2.Herearesome_______foryoutoread.A.milk B.tea C.books3.—Tom,

what'syourdaddoing？—He______

mybike．A.repair B.repairs C.isrepairing D.willrepair4.Aftertheboy'shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A.finished B.finishes C.wasfinished D.isfinished5.Everyone_______here.Let'sgo.A.am B.are C.is6.NotonlySambutalsohisparents___________comingtoChinasoon.A.is B.are C.were7.The

survey

on

the

children

that

more

than

five

sixths

of

them

interested

in

science

books

because

they

seems

a

little

boring.A.show;is B.shows;are C.shows;is D.show;are8.Withtheintroductionofthe"doublereduction"policy（雙減政策），oneofthe__________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.A.changes；is B.change；is C.changes；are9.-Usingpublicchopsticks______necessarywheneatingwithothers.-That'sright.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.-Hurryup,Jason!We'regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed

.-Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes

enough.A.washing；are B.to

wash；are C.to

wash；is D.washing；is11.Somepeoplethinkoneofthemostusefulinventions

thesmartphone.A.are B.is C.were D.be12.There______twopeoplewaitingforyououtsidenow.A.is B.are C.was D.were13.IplantotraveltoAmericanextmonth,andIthink2000dollars______enough.A.was B.are C.is D.were14.Thezebraeatsgrass,butit______eatmeat.A.doesn't B.didn't C.don't15.Thenumberofthewhales______smallerandsmallerbecauseofhumanactivitiesnow.A.were B.was C.is D.are16.Look!Juliaaswellashersisters______akiteontheplayground.A.fly B.flies C.isflying D.areflying17.Freshwater______moreimportantthananythingelse.A.is B.are C.was D.were18.Volunteeringourtimetohelppeople______agoodwaytolearnnewthings.A.am B.is C.are19.—Susan,howmanywomenteachersarethereinyourschool?—Inourschool,______oftheteachers______womenteachers.third

fourth；are B.third

fourth；isC.three

fourths；is D.three

fourths；are20.Onethousandkilometers______quitealongwaytotheancient,butnowwecancompletethejourneyinaboutonehourbyair.A.was B.had C.were D.have21.He_______likehisbrother.A.look B.looks C.looking22.Mid-AutumnDayusually______onAugust15thinthelunarcalendar（陰歷）everyyear.A.come B.comes C.iscoming D.willcome23.Inthepastpeopledidn'tknowthatlight

fasterthansound.A.travels B.travelled C.travel24.NotonlyPeterbutalsohisfather________crazyaboutthebasketballmatch.A.am B.is C.are D.be25.Thispairofsocks______soft.I'lltake______.A.feel;itB.feels;it C.feels;them26.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshe______thetask.A.finish B.finishes C.finished27.It'sreportedthatthestudentsinsomeschoolsofourcity

aPEclasseveryday.A.takes B.take C.took D.are

taking28.—DoyouenjoythesongssungbyJayChou?—Ofcourse.NotonlyI

butalsomyparents______hisfans.A.am B.are C.was D.were29.Someoftheapplesarebad,butIbelievetherest

sweet.A.taste B.tastes C.aretasted D.istasted30.NotonlyJackbutalsoI______crazyaboutthefootballmatch.A.am B.is C.are D.be31.—Listen!There______someone______atthedoor.—Itmustbeyoursister.A.is;

knocking B.is;

knock C.are;

knocking D.are;

knock32.—What_____thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool???—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem_____

fromthecountryside.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are33.—What

would

you

like

to

have

for

your

birthday？—Either

noodles

or

bread

______

OK．I

don't

mind．A.am B.is C.are D.be34.Everybody

except

Mike

and

Linda_______there

when

the

meeting

began.A.is B.are C.was D.were35.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?—Wonderful!

________of

the

land________covered

with

trees

and

grass.A.Twofifths;is B.Two

fifth;

is C.Two

fifths;

are D.Twofifth;are36._________

Lucy________Lily

like

singing．A.Either，or B.Neither，norC.Not

only，but

also D.Both，and37.My

friend

and

I

are

interested

in

drawing，but

________

of

us

is

good

at

it．A.neither B.both C.none D.all38.Doingeyeexercises______oneoftheusefulwaystoprotectoureyes.A.is B.are C.were39.Thetwins

fondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle．A.be B.am C.is D.are40.Look，the

set

of

keys

on

the

teacher's

desk．A.are B.were C.is D.was41.—What'sinthepictureonthewall?—There______ateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.A.has B.are C.is D.have42.Both

Kate

and

I

______ready

for

the

new

high

school

life.A.am B.is C.are D.be43.In

our

school

library

there

a

number

of

books

and

the

number

of

them

growing

larger

and

larger．A.is；are B.has；is C.are；is D.have；are44.—Thenumberoftourists______over33millionthisyear.—Yes.Al