專題一 名詞（課件）-2022年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全

備戰(zhàn)2022中考英語語法專題過關(guān)專題一名詞2021年中考考點(diǎn)真題1.（呼倫貝爾）Inaconversationbetweentwopersons,65%of______isdonethroughbodylanguage.A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication2.（蘇州）In1961,YuanLongpingfoundanaturalhybridriceplantthathadmanya__________overothers.advantages考點(diǎn)1：名詞詞義辨析考點(diǎn)2：名詞的數(shù)D2021年中考考點(diǎn)真題3.(杭州)Thedoctortoldthepatienttotakethem________threetimesaday．4.(銅仁)—Youhaveanicehouse!Whoseroomisthis？—It's___________.A.JackandPeter's B.Jack'sandPeter's C.Jack'sandPeter D.JackandPeter5.（阜新）IwanttothinkaboutitabitlongerbeforeImakea______（decide）.考點(diǎn)4：名詞所有格A考點(diǎn)5：名詞變形decision考點(diǎn)3：名詞的數(shù)medicine名詞名詞的分類普通名詞名詞的數(shù)個(gè)體名詞,如:friend，apple，city集體名詞,如:family，team，class物質(zhì)名詞,如:milk,wood，beef抽象名詞,如:health，love，courage專有名詞特定的人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱,專有名詞的第一個(gè)字專有名詞母必須大寫。如:Hemingway，Chinasomebread,acupoftea規(guī)則變化,如:girl→girls，box→boxes,baby-babies，tomato→tomatoes不規(guī)則變化.如:foot→feet，mouse→mice,fish→fish，child→children

圖解語法名詞所有格可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞-'s所有格:of所有格:雙重所有格:David'sbookthetopofthehillafriendofLiMing’s考點(diǎn)1：名詞詞義辨析1.Thankyouforthe______yougaveme.—I'mgladthey'rehelpful.A.suggestions B.advice C.news D.information2.Whenyougorockclimbing,youneedtobecarefulsothatyoudon?thavea(n)________.A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action3.Ifyouworkharder,you’llhaveanother______toplaytheviolinataconcert.A.sleep B.chance C.mistake D.problem4.Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought________topeopleallovertheworld.A.difficulty B.pleasure C.weather D.dangerABBB5.Thereisno________tomakeanexcuseforyourmistake.You'dbettercorrectitrightnow.A.choiceB.chanceC.reasonD.power6.

Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusycleaningthestreets.A.driversB.postmenC.firemenD.cleaners7.TheChineseDoctorsisafamousmovie,andIhaveseenittwiceinthe________.A.bankB.cinemaC.marketD.library8.Mariaisalwaysfullof________becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday.A.energyB.talentC.humourD.wealthCDBA考點(diǎn)1：名詞詞義辨析

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-oldMichaelHahasbecomeanexampleofyoungpeoplebecauseofhisstoryofsuccess.Hewasborninaverypoor1withfivepeople.HisfamilymovedtoBritain,buttheycouldn'tfindanyjobstherebecausetheyspokelittleEnglish.Thewholefamilylivedinasmall2inapoorarea.GrowingupwasnoteasyforMichael,buthenevergaveup.Atthe3often,hesethisheartongoingtoCambridgeUniversity.Michaelstudiedata4whichusedtobetheworstschoolinBritain.However,youngMichaelmadeuphis5totryhisbest,nomatterwhatkindofschoolhewasstudyingat.Thesmartboystudiedveryhardanddidwellineverysubjectatschool.Asaresult,Michaelreachedhis6.NowMichaelisatopmedicalstudentinCambridgeUniversity.Hehopeshecanbean7forotheryoungpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.考點(diǎn)1：名詞詞義辨析()1.A.countryB.villageC.cityD.family()2.A.homeB.houseC.buildingD.office()3.A.stageB.ageC.timeD.year()4.A.schoolB.gardenC.parkD.museum()5.A.mindB.wordC.loveD.plan()6.A.adviceB.goalC.ideaD.record()7.A.interestB.exampleC.opinionD.engineerDBBAABB考點(diǎn)1：名詞詞義辨析可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，如：chair,chairs。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)使用，其前面可加不定冠詞(a/an)，定冠詞(the)，指示代詞(this/that),形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格等。amonth,thedictionay,hismother,Lucy’sfriend等?？键c(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則示例一般情況，加-sstar→______；gift→______；invention→___________以字母s,x,sh,ch等結(jié)尾的詞，加-esbus→______；box→______；watch→________特例：stomach→_________以字母f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，變f或fe為v，再加-esleaf→______；wife→______；knife→_______；life→______以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i，再加-escountry→_________；baby→______；story→______；city→______starsgiftsinventionsbusesboxeswatchesstomachs考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)leaveswiveskniveslivescountriesbabiesstoriescities構(gòu)成方法示例以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，加-stoy→______；monkey→_________以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的詞，若表示有生命的加-es，若表示無生命的加-stomato→________；hero→______；photo→_______；piano→_______；zoo→______；radio→______toysmonkeystomatoesheroesphotospianoszoosradios可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)易失分點(diǎn)以-s結(jié)尾的詞不一定都是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，maths,physics,news是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法示例改a為eman→______；woman→________特例：German→__________；human→__________改oo為eetooth→______；foot→______在詞尾加-renchild→__________單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep;Chinese;Japanese其他特殊形式mouse→______menwomenGermanshumansteethfeetchildrenmice考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)1.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：water,meat。2.可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：much,little,alittle,abitof,agood/greatdealof,

alargeamountof等。3.不可數(shù)名詞不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞(a/an)直接修飾。若表示數(shù)量，可用量詞加不可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)。常見的計(jì)量詞有piece,kilo,bag,glass,cup,drop等。abottleofwater,apieceofmusic,twopiecesofadvice考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞a/an+計(jì)量詞基數(shù)詞（大于1）+計(jì)量詞（復(fù)數(shù)形式）+of+不可數(shù)名詞1.Hurryup!Some________and________areonsaleinthesupermarket.A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;eggC.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs2.MickyMouseisoneofthefamous__inAmerican____.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;culturesC.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures3.Shanghaiisoneof____intheworld．A.thebiggestcities B.biggestcitiesC.thebiggestcity D.biggercities4.—Whatelsedoweneedtomakevegetablesoup?—_____.A.Twobowlwater B.TwobowlswaterC.Twobowlofwater D.Twobowlsofwater考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)—考點(diǎn)練習(xí)CCAD類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的名詞不以-s結(jié)尾加'smysister'sbag以-s結(jié)尾加'thestudents'vacation表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)人名后加'sLilyandMary'shome表示每個(gè)人各自擁有在每個(gè)人名后加'sTom'sandJack'sshoes用于構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日加's或'Children'sDayTeachers'Day考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格-’s的所有格考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格-’s的所有格表示兩者各自的所屬關(guān)系(各自所有)，則每個(gè)名詞都分別使用所有格形式。Paul’sandMark’s

mothers.表示兩者共同擁有的人或物(共有)時(shí)，只在后一個(gè)名詞使用所有格形式即可,Maryandlily’smother.

(1)表示“店鋪”、“某人的家”、“診所”、“辦公室”的名詞所有格后，一般省去表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。如：atthedoctor's(在診所)；gotomyuncle's(去我叔叔家)。(2)一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞，如someone,everybody等和else連用時(shí)，'s應(yīng)加在else后。如：everyoneelse'sdecision(其他人的決定)。考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格-’s的所有格of所有格“名詞＋of＋名詞”構(gòu)成了of所有格。其用法主要有：

用法示例表示無生命的東西thetopofthehill表示“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”astoryoflove表示部分與整體的概念thebottomofthesea表示抽象概念thecostoflivingof所有格有時(shí)也可以用于有生命的東西，表示所屬關(guān)系，此時(shí)，有生命的of所有格可以和-'s所有格互換，如：thegirl'sname＝thenameofthegirl。考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格雙重所有格考點(diǎn)2名詞所有格

構(gòu)成示例of+-’s所有格twostudentsofMr.Green’sof+名詞性物主代詞adictionaryofhersItisapictureofyourfather's.=Itisoneofmyfather’spictures.這是你父親的一張照片。(你父親的照片不止一張).Itisapictureofyourfather.這是你父親的一張照片。(表示是你父親本人的照片).1.Whetherwecangoonavacationdependsonmy______time.Heisalwaysbusywithhiswork.A.father'sB.fatherC.fathers'D.fathers2.________motherswillbothattendtheparents'meeting.Theywanttoknowhowtheirchildrenbehaveatschool.A.PeterandHelen'sB.Peter'sandHelen'sC.Peter'sandHelenD.PeterandHelen3.Whenwewereyoung,ourparentsoftentoldusnottobelieve________words.A.stranger'sB.strangerC.strangers'D.strangers4.MissWhiteisafriendofmy________.MysisteralwaystellsmesomethingbetweenMissWhiteandher.A.sister'sB.sisterC.sisters'D.sistersABCA考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格—考點(diǎn)練習(xí)名詞變形容詞考點(diǎn)4名詞變形1.n.＋-y或雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母＋-y(尤其是一些與天氣有關(guān)的名詞)：cloud→________

fog→________health→________

luck→________sun→________

snow→________sleep→________

rain→________wind→________noise→________cloudyfoggyhealthyluckysunnysnowysleepyrainywindynoisy2.n.＋-al或去e＋-al：education→____________nation→________person→_________centre→________culture→_________nature→________3.n.＋-ful：wonder→____________

color→__________meaning→____________

harm→_________peace→_________

use→________educationalnationalpersonalcentralculturalnaturalwonderfulcolorfulmeaningfulharmfulpeacefuluseful名詞變形容詞考點(diǎn)4名詞變形4.n.＋ly：love→____________friend→________week→_________

day→________5.n.(-ce)→-t：silence→____________

patience→__________absence→____________difference→_________

importance→_________

lovelyfriendlyweeklydailysilentpatientabsentdifferentimportant名詞變形容詞考點(diǎn)4名詞變形1.n.＋-istart→________tour→________

violin→_________(注意：piano→________science→_________)2.n.＋-ian：music→__________magic→__________artisttouristviolinistpianistscientistmusicianmagician名詞變名詞考點(diǎn)4名詞變形考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)4：名詞變形1.Mygrandfatherlikeseatingtomatoesand________(potato)verymuch.Healwayscooksthemindifferentways.2.OurEnglishteacherishumorousand________(fun).Wealllikehisclassverymuch.3.Myauntisan________(art).Shedoesn'tpaintformoneybutforherownpleasure.4.Besidesrunningaftersuccess,wehavemanyother________(wonder)thingstodoinourlife.potatoes做賓語與tomatoes并列，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。做表與humorous并列，用形容詞。funny根據(jù)句意，此處填表職業(yè)的名詞，冠詞a/an之后,用單數(shù)。artist根據(jù)句意，空白處修飾名詞things，作定語，用形容詞。wonderful1.Youmustreturnthetwobookstothelibraryrightnowbecauseyouhavekeptthemfor________(week).2.Generallyspeaking,excellentlearnershavesomegood________(habit)incommon.3.Itis________(hope)thatwe'llfinishthereportaheadoftimeifweworkasagroup.4.I'dliketobuyapairofsports________(shoe).Couldyousuggestonetome?5.Whatagreat________(science)YuanLongpingis!HehasmadesomanyachievementsinriceproductionforChina.6.The__________(music)hasmadenearlyahundredpiecesofmusic.Mostofthemarepopularamongteenagers.

考點(diǎn)4：名詞變形—考點(diǎn)練習(xí)weekshabitshopefulshoesscientistm