專題02中考動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)-2023年江蘇省中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)高分題型練練練

專題02中考動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)&被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)中考動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析（一）giveup放棄 giveaway捐贈(zèng)，泄露 giveout 分發(fā)(handout) （二）putout 撲滅 putin 安裝 putaway 把…收起來(lái)putup 張貼；舉起；搭建，建造 puton 穿；增加體重；上演戲?。ㄈ゜reakout 爆發(fā)breakinto 強(qiáng)行闖入 breakdown 出故障（四）getup 起床 geton 上車getoff 下車 getaway 離開，逃離（runaway）getreadyfor 為…做好準(zhǔn)備 （五）turnon 打開 turnoff 關(guān)閉turnup 調(diào)高音量 turndown 調(diào)低音量turnout 結(jié)果是，證明是 turnaround 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身turninto 轉(zhuǎn)變成 （六）takeoff 脫下衣服；飛機(jī)起飛 takeaway 拿走takeup 占據(jù)（時(shí)間/空間） （七）stayup 熬夜 stayout 留在戶外，不在家（八）dependon 依靠，取決于 liveon 以…為生takeon 承擔(dān)，接受（挑戰(zhàn)等） carryon(with) 繼續(xù)做tryon 試穿 （九）leavefor 動(dòng)身前往… payfor 付錢買standfor 代表（represent） tryoutfor 參加…選拔cheerfor 為…歡呼 （十）leadto(doing) 導(dǎo)致 lookforwardto(doing) 期待devote(oneself)to(doing)致力于 payattentionto(doing) 注意到（十一）knockoff 撞倒 showoff 炫耀letoff/setoff 燃放（煙花） （十二）pickup 撿起；開車接某人 wakeup 叫醒某人；醒來(lái)makeup 編造，組成；化妝 setup 建立dressup 打扮 eatup 吃光useup 用光 cheerup 使…振作（十三）consistof 由…組成(bemadeupof) insteadof 代替，而不是befullof 充滿（befilledwith） hearof(about) 聽說(shuō)(hearfrom收到來(lái)信)thinkof 想起 （十四）belongto 屬于（后接賓格） （十五）bestrictwithsb.（insth.）對(duì)某人/事嚴(yán)厲 besatisfiedwith 對(duì)…滿意bechargedwith 被控告 eupwith 想出catchupwith 趕上 deal/dowith 處理sharesth.withsb. 與某人分享… getalong/onwithsb. 與…相處makefriendswithsb. 與…交朋友 （十六）lookout 小心 betiredout 筋疲力盡carryout 進(jìn)行，執(zhí)行 findout 找出runout 用完，耗盡 workout 算出；解決（solve） （十七）passaway去世 passon 傳遞passby 經(jīng)過(guò) （十八）lookafter 照顧（takecareof） lookthrough 瀏覽lookout 小心lookoutof 從…往外看lookinto 調(diào)查 lookup查閱…lookat 看… lookfor尋找 鞏固練習(xí)：1.Hechosetostudyinajuniorschoolnearhishome.It__________tobeawisedecision.（常州） A.putout B.puton C.turnedout D.turnedon答案：C2.—Honey,eandhelpme_____thepictureofballoonsfromthemagazine.—OK,Granny.I’ming.（淮安）A.carryoutB.workoutC.cutoutD.handout答案：C3.—IgotfirstplaceintheEnglishpetitionagain.—Peter!Youare_________again.（徐州） A.givingoff B.puttingoff C.takingoff D.showingoff答案：D4.UNICEFwas_________inl946toimprovechildren'slivesafterWorldWarII.（宿遷） A.givenup B.putup C.setup D.gotup答案：C5.April15wasasaddayforFrance.Alargefire__________attheCathedralofNotreDame.（連云港） A.brokeout B.carriedout C.gaveout D.ranout答案：A6.TinaestoChinainordertoexperienceChinesecultureand_____whichuniversityisthebestforhertoattend．（南京）A．putout B．stayout C．findout D．runout答案：C7.Wouldyouplease____________thelight?Ican'tsleepwellwithiton.（蘇州）A.turnonB.turnoff C.turnto D.turnaround答案：A8.Thesenewtypesofenergycostverylittleandwillnever______.A.lookoutB.eoutC.runoutD.stayout答案：C9.—I’msorrytoonyou,butthereareoneortwothingsIdon’tunderstand.—Itdoesn’tmatter.A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutinD.cutoff答案：C10.Howisourgovernmentgoingtodealwiththeofficebuilding?Itwillbe_____alibrary.A.turnedoffB.turnedonC.turnedoutD.turnedinto答案：D11.Thekingdidn’ttakeanynoticeofthenoiseinthecrowdand__________withtheparade.A.carryon B.carryout C.carriedon D.carriedout答案：C12.—LittleJennylooksunhappytoday.—Don’tworry.Aboxofchocolateswillher.A.give...upB.wake...upC.cheer...upD.pick...up答案：C13.Ilookstupidwiththishaircut.Allmyclassmateswill

me.A.laughatB.agreewithC.dependonD.worryabout答案：A14.—I’msorrytoonyou,butthereareoneortwothingsIdon’tunderstand.—Itdoesn’tmatter.A．cutdown B．cutout C．cutin D．cutoff答案：C15.—Simonfailedtheexamagain.—That’snotsurprising.putergames_____toomuchofhistime.A.takeinB.takeonC.takeoffD.takeup答案：D16.Weshouldstopfireworkstoreducepollution.A.gettingoffB.turningoffC.takingoffD.settingoff答案：D被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)一常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are＋done如：ItismadeinChina它是中國(guó)制造的。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were＋done如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1980.這座橋建于1980年。3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will＋be＋done如：Shewillbetrainedbyherfather.她將受訓(xùn)于她爸爸。4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋done如：Workmustbedoneintwodays.工作必須在兩天之內(nèi)完成。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has＋been＋done如：Theroomhasbeencleaned.房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。高頻考點(diǎn)二語(yǔ)態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn)1．某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。如：Thisdictionarysellswell.這種字典銷售得很好。Thewoolensweatercosts$88.這件羊毛衫賣88美元。Thatcarneedsrepairing.＝Thatcarneedstoberepaired.那輛車需要修理。Thesouptastesdelicious.這湯嘗起來(lái)味道很好。2．主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些動(dòng)詞，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要帶上to。如：Hemadetheboyworkforhim.＝Theboywasmadetoworkforhim.這男孩被迫為他工作。3．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)短語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.這嬰兒由她姐姐照顧。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.大家都嘲笑他的計(jì)劃。4．形容詞cheap，fortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Abicycleischeaptorun.使用自行車是很經(jīng)濟(jì)的。Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1.只有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞(詞組)如happen，takeplace，appear，disappear等和連系動(dòng)詞look，feel，sound，smell，get，turn等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Whathappenedtoher?她發(fā)生了什么事?Youlookgood.你看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。2.有些動(dòng)詞常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:HewasborninNanjing.他生于南京。ThismobilephonewasmadeinChina.這部是中國(guó)制造的。3.有些不及物動(dòng)詞，常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，和well，easily等副詞連用，含有被動(dòng)意義。如：read，write，draw，sell，wash，cook，clean等。Thebookssellwell.這此書很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫起來(lái)很順滑。4.在感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，notice等和使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中，動(dòng)詞不定式的to常省去，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加to。如:Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestory(bytheteacher).老師讓他復(fù)述這個(gè)故事。5.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中若有雙賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可以改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；通常情況下是把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的間接賓語(yǔ)(sb.)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(sth.)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)(sb.)前要加上相應(yīng)的介詞to或for。如:Fathergavemeabook.=AbookwasgiventomebyFather.一IwasgivenabookbyFather.父親送我一本書。鞏固練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇()1.Astimegoeson,myidea_______tobetrueoneday.A.willproveB.willbeprovedC.isprovedD.isgoingtobeproved【答案】B【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定是將來(lái)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓()2.Youmaygofishingifyourwork___________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone【答案】A【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。If的主將從現(xiàn)，work和謂語(yǔ)之間動(dòng)賓。()3.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.

—Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme__________.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend【答案】A【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。Asssonas主將從現(xiàn)，end無(wú)被動(dòng)。()4.Whenshallwegotowatchthebasketballmatchinthesportscentre?________tomorrow.A.UntiltheworkwillbedoneB.UntiltheworkisdoneC.NotuntiltheworkwillbedoneD.Notuntiltheworkisdone【答案】D【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。Notuntil引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，work和do之間動(dòng)賓。()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.Gives【答案】C【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定將來(lái)時(shí)。Atalk和give之間動(dòng)賓。()6.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus【答案】B【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是過(guò)去式，考察tellsbsth或者tellsthtosb賓語(yǔ)提前用被動(dòng)。()7.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter【答案】B【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。人們和照顧之間動(dòng)賓。根據(jù)句意是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。()8.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput【答案】B【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)和put之間動(dòng)賓，根據(jù)句意是有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)。()9.Greatchanges_________inmyhometownandalotoffactories_________.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingbuiltB.havetakenplace;havebeenbuiltC.aretakenplace;havebuiltD.tookplace;willbebuilt【答案】B【解析】takeplace無(wú)被動(dòng)，根據(jù)句意發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響。后半句的工廠和build之間是動(dòng)賓。()10.Thecakesintherestaurant__________,sothey_______well.A.aretastedbetter;aresoldB.aretastedwell;sellC.tasteterrible;aresoldD.tastenice;sell【答案】D【解析】感官動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)，暢銷表示屬性無(wú)被動(dòng)。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Canfood__________(keep)properlyinafridgeatanunsuitabletemperature?【答案】bekept【解析】考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。食物和keep之間動(dòng)賓，有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)。2.Theroom__________(use)asourkitcheninthefuture.【答案】willbeused【解析】考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定將來(lái)時(shí)，room和use動(dòng)賓。3.Usually,thethunder________(hear)afterthelightening.【答案】isheard【解析】考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)usually確定一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。雷是被聽到。所以是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。4.Intheolddaystheworkingpeopleinourcountry_________(look)downon.【答案】werelooked【解析】考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定過(guò)去式，人們和lookdownon之間動(dòng)賓。5.Hewatchedtheresultofthetestandthen_________(draw)aconclusion.【答案】drew【解析】考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的確定，and前