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專(zhuān)題088BU5U8一輪復(fù)習(xí)8BUnit5知識(shí)點(diǎn)PartOneicstrip1.You’reoldenoughtolearnaboutmannersnow,Hobo.(P64)manner可數(shù)名詞,此處意為“禮貌,禮儀,禮節(jié)”,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常用搭配:goodmanners有禮貌badmanners沒(méi)禮貌tablemanners餐桌禮儀(2)manner作可數(shù)名詞,還有“方法,方式”之意,常用單數(shù)形式,與way同義。例如:Youshouldwriteinthismanner.2.Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)cutin(onsb.)意為“打斷某人的談話(huà),插嘴”,相當(dāng)于interruptsb。例如: Marylikestocutinonothers.3、Alwayswaitpolitely.(P64)(1)politely副詞,意為“禮貌地”,常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞。例如:Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.(2)polite形容詞,意為“禮貌的”,可用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,它的反義詞impolite,意為“無(wú)禮的”。bepolitetosb.意為“對(duì)某人有禮貌”。例如:It’simpolitetoshoutloudly.Thestudentsarepolitetotheirteachers.PartTwoWeletotheunitLeavethetaprunning.(P65)(1)leavesthdoing意為“使/讓.......處于.....狀態(tài)”。leave后接名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞ing形式、介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如: Don’tleavethemachineturning.(2)run此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“流動(dòng)”。例如:Tearsranfromhereyes.run作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“跑,奔跑”。例如:Isawaboyrunningonthestreet.run作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。例如:Theenginerunsproperly.run作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“掉色,褪色”。例如:Whenyouwashtheblouseinhotwater,thecolorwillrun.run作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“經(jīng)營(yíng),管理”。例如:Theyruntherestaurantwell.2、queueforyourturn(P65)(1)queue此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為(人、車(chē)等)排隊(duì)等候。例如: Pleasequeueupforabus.Manypeopledon’tliketoqueue.queue還可用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“隊(duì),行列”。例如:standinaqueue排隊(duì)等候jumpthequeue插隊(duì)(2)turn此處為可數(shù)名詞,意為“輪流,(輪流的)順序”。例如:It’syourturntoreadnow.與turn相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):taketurns輪流inturn依次,輪流byturns輪流,交替例如:Pleasetaketurnstolookafterthesickboy.Pleaseanswerthequestioninturn.3、Weshouldkeepquiet.(P65)keepquiet意為“保持安靜”,keep此處為連系動(dòng)詞,意為“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:Youmustkeepquietinthehospital.系動(dòng)詞歸納:一是(be)一覺(jué)(feel)一保持(keep);四個(gè)起來(lái)(look看起來(lái),sound聽(tīng)起來(lái),taste嘗起來(lái),smell聞起來(lái));似乎(seem)變了四個(gè)(get,bee,go,turn)PartThreeReadingTodaywe’veinvitedJennytotalkaboutmannersintheUK.(P65)invite為及物動(dòng)名詞,意為“邀請(qǐng)”,invitesbtodosth.意為“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。例如:Hesometimesinvitesmetoseethefilm.invitesbto+名詞,意為“邀請(qǐng)某人去.....”.例如:We’llinviteTomtodinnertomorrow.Well,Britishpeoplesay“hello”,or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)shakesb’shand意為“與某人握手”,相當(dāng)于shakehandswithsb。例如:YoushouldshakeTony’shand.=YoushouldshakehandswithTony.Dotheygreetpeoplewithakiss?(P66)(1)greet及物動(dòng)詞,意為“問(wèn)候,打招呼”,相當(dāng)于sayhellotosb.。例如:Hegreetedhisteacherbysaying“GoodMorning”.greetsbwithanod意為“以點(diǎn)頭招呼某人”。greeting可數(shù)名詞,意為“問(wèn)候,致意,祝賀”。kiss此處為可數(shù)名詞,意為“親吻”。givesbakiss意為“吻某人一下;給某人一個(gè)親吻”。Kiss還可作為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“吻,親吻”。例如:Themothergavehersonakissandleft.Hekissedhiswife.4、Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.(P66)close此處為形容詞,意為“親密的;嚴(yán)密的”,表示關(guān)系或情感上的“親近”,可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。closeto“與.....關(guān)系密切”。例如:I’mclosetomyEnglishteacher.closeto還有“離.....近”之意。例如:Thefactoryisclosetotheschool.close還可作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“關(guān)閉”。例如:Pleaseclosethewindow.5、Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weightormoney.(P66)(1)avoid及物動(dòng)詞,意為“避免”,后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(yǔ)。例如:You’dbetteravoidthetrafficatrushhour.It’snoteasytoavoidmakingmistakes.(2)subject此處作為可數(shù)名詞,意為“話(huà)題,主題”。作可數(shù)名詞,還有“學(xué)科”之意。例如:Mostofusdon’tlikethissubject.Howmanysubjectsareyoustudyingthisterm.6、Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?(P66)(1)behave不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“表現(xiàn)”。例如:Childrenbehavedverybadlyafterlunch.public集合名詞,意為“民眾,大眾”。inpublic意為“公開(kāi)地,當(dāng)眾”。還可作形容詞,意為“公共的,公開(kāi)的”例如:Idon’tliketomakeaspeechinpublic.apubliclibrary公共圖書(shū)館apublicplace公共場(chǎng)所7、Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.(P66)push為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“推,擠”。pushin意為“插隊(duì),加塞”,是英式英語(yǔ)的用法,美式英語(yǔ)常用cutin。例如:Youshouldn’tpushinbeforeus.=youshouldn’tcutinbeforeus.8、Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)bump此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“碰,撞”,常與介詞against,into連用bumpinto意為“撞上,偶然碰見(jiàn)”。bump還可作可數(shù)名詞,意為“碰,撞擊;(因碰撞而引起的)腫塊”。例如:Thecarbumpedintoatree.Hebumpedagainstthedoor.JustnowIbumpedintoourEnglishteacher.Weheardabumpinthenextroom.9、Ifyou’reintheirway,theywon’ttouchyouorpushpastyou.(P67)(1)inone’sway意為“擋住某人的路”。例如:Agroupofsheepareinourway.onone’sway(to)意為“在去.....的路上”。intheway意為“妨礙,擋道”。例如:ImetTomonmywaytoschool.Yourhobbygotinthewayofyourstudies.touch此處為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“觸碰,碰”。例如:Don’ttouchthethingsinthemuseum.Hetouchedahotpotandburnthimself.10、They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.(P67)(1)excuse此處為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“原諒,寬恕”。Excuseme意為“勞駕”。例如:Excuseme,canyouhelpmewithmyhomework?(2)till此處用做連詞,意為“到......時(shí),直到....為止”。用于肯定句,主句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到till表示的時(shí)間為止,意為“直到.....為止”。用于否定句時(shí),主句中的動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性的,它表示的動(dòng)作直到till所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生,意為“直到.....(才)”。例如:Shewaitedheretillyoucameback.Don’tgoawaytillIeback.till還可作介詞,意為“直到.....為止”,用于肯定句,與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;用于否定句中,與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,意為“直到......(才)”。例如:IhadbeeninBeijingtilllastweek.Tomwenttosleeptillmidnight.例如:Tomlikesmusic.Ilikeitaswell.11、Britishpeopledon’tliketoshoutorlaughloudly.(P67)loudly副詞,意為“大聲地”。辨析:loudly與loudloudly:副詞,“大聲地,喧鬧地”,給人以吵鬧、不悅耳的感覺(jué),與quietly相對(duì),用法較正式,含有一點(diǎn)貶義。loud:副詞,“聲音大”,常與laugh,read,speak,talk,等動(dòng)詞搭配使用,還可與loudly替換使用;還可作形容詞,“大聲的”,可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如:Whoisknockingatthedoorloudly?Thatmusicistooloud.Don’tspeaksoloud.hitsomeoneorsomethingbyaccident.(P67)byaccident意為“偶然,意外地”,通常在句中作狀語(yǔ),其反義詞為onpurpose.例如:ImetTomonthestreetbyaccidentyesterday.Wasteainventedbyaccident?PartFourGrammarShedidnotjointhediscussion.(P71)discussion可作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,意為“討論”。例如:Theydecidedtowriteareportafteradiscussion.Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.discuss及物動(dòng)詞,意為“討論”,discusssthwithsb.“與某人討論某事”。例如:Youcandiscussthequestionwiththem.Hedidnotexpresshimselfclearly.(P71)express此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“表達(dá)”。expressoneself意為“自我表達(dá)”。express的名詞形式是expression,意為“表達(dá),表情,措辭”。例如:Iexpressedmythankstohim.Youcanexpressyourselffreely.express還可作形容詞,意為“特快的”。例如:anexpressletter快信anexpresstrain特快列車(chē)Kittywasverybusywithherdancinglessons.(P71)bebusywithsth意為“忙于某事”。bebusy(in)doingsth.意為“忙于做某事”。例如:Maryisbusywithherhomework.=Maryisbusy(in)doingherhomework.PartFiveIntegratedskillsHelpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)explain此處為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“解釋”,其后可跟名詞、代詞或從句。例如:OurEnglishteacheralwaysexplainthingstousclearly.explain還可作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明”。例如:Whydidn’tyoulethimexplain?Keepus....fromdanger.(P14)keepsbfromsth.意為“保護(hù)某人免受......;阻止某人......”。例如:Sunglassescankeepusfromthesun.stop....fromdoing......,prevent.....fromdoing.....與keep.....fromdoing....都有“阻止....做.....”之意,三者同義。例如:Noonecanstop/prevent/keepusfromcreatingwonders.Warnus.......(P14)warn及物動(dòng)詞,意為“警告,告誡”,warnsb.意為“警告,告誡某人”。例如:It’sdangeroustocrosstheroad.Pleasewarnthestudents.(1)warnsb(not)todosth.意為“警告某人(不要)做某事”。例如:Wewarnedhimnottoplaywithfire.(2)warnsbof/aboutsth.意為“警告某人某事;提醒某人注意某事”。例如:Thepolicewarnedthechildrenof/aboutthedanger.(3)warnsbagainstdoingsth.意為“警告/告誡某人不要做某事”。例如:Thedoctorwarnedmyfatheragainstsmoking.4、Whynot?(P73)Whynot.....?意為“為什么不?”,其后跟動(dòng)詞原形,該句型還可以用“whydon’t/doesn’tsbdosth?”,表示勸說(shuō)、建議某人去做某事。例如:YourspokenEnglishispoor.WhynotjoinanEnglishclub?Whynoteearly?=Whydon’tyoueearly?PartSixStudyskills1、Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)sometime副詞,意為“在某時(shí)”,表示將來(lái)或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。例如:Marywilletoourschoolsometimenextweek.辨析:sometime,sometime,sometimes與sometimessometime:在某時(shí)I’llvisittheGreatWallsometimethisyear.sometime:一段時(shí)間I’llliveherefrosometime.sometimes:有時(shí)SometimesIhavelunchatschool.sometimes:幾次,幾倍I’vebeentothemuseumsometimes.2、risklosingeverythingallatonetime(P74)risk及物動(dòng)詞,意為“冒險(xiǎn)做”,其后可跟名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。例如:Canyouriskyourlifetosavepeople?risk還可作可數(shù)名詞,意為“冒險(xiǎn),冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。例如:Helikestotakearisk.atonetime意為“一度,同時(shí),在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候”。例如:Youcanborrowtwobooksatonetime.3、practicemakesperfect(P75)practice名詞,意為“練習(xí),訓(xùn)練,實(shí)踐”。例如:EnoughpracticecanhelpimproveyourEnglish.practice還可作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“練習(xí)”,其后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。例如:Ioftenpracticeplayingthepianoafterschool.practice在英式英語(yǔ)中,其動(dòng)詞形式為practise,在美式英語(yǔ)中其名詞與動(dòng)詞形式均為practice。PartSevenTaskWeshouldknowtheserulestomakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarefortableatthetable.(P76)makesure意為“弄清楚,務(wù)必,確信”,其后多接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)也與of/about連用。例如:ImakesurethatIhaveturnedthetapoff.Pleasemakesureofthetimeandplace.besureof/that......“對(duì)....有把握,確信”,主語(yǔ)是人。Besuretodosth主語(yǔ)是人也可以是物,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的推測(cè),有“一定,必然會(huì)”之意。例如:Heissurethathewillsucceed.=Heissureofsuccess.He’ssuretowin.It’ssuretorain.atthetable意為“在桌子旁”,不一定在吃飯。attable“在吃飯”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:at+名詞,表示狀態(tài)。例如:Heoftenreadsnewspapersatthetable.Tomandhisparentsareattablenow.2、Wearegoingtoholdatalkongoodtablemanners.(P77)on介詞,意為“關(guān)于”。例如:Thebookisonscience.辨析:on與abouton:側(cè)重論述,較正式,多用于諸如學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告、專(zhuān)著、國(guó)際形勢(shì)等方面的內(nèi)容。about:側(cè)重?cái)⑹?,多用于個(gè)人事跡、故事內(nèi)容、一般的書(shū)籍及內(nèi)容淺顯的問(wèn)題等。例如:Doyouhaveabookontheputer?IhaveabookaboutLeiFeng.3、Aboveall.........(P77)aboveall意為“首先,首要的是”。例如:Aboveall,thefoodisfree.辨析:aboveall,firstofall與afterallaboveall:首先,首要的是強(qiáng)調(diào)需要特別對(duì)待,類(lèi)似于especially。firstofall:首先,開(kāi)始,第一表示次序,相當(dāng)于atfirst。afterall:畢竟,終究,到底表示一種讓步語(yǔ)氣。例如:Aboveall,makesureyoukeepintouch.Firstofall,cuttheapplesup.Heisachildafterall.短語(yǔ)歸納cutin(onsb/sth) 打斷(談話(huà)),插嘴 shakeone’shand與某人握手 inpublic公開(kāi)地,在別人面前pushin插隊(duì),加塞 bumpinto碰到,撞到inone’sway擋住某人的路byaccident 偶然,意外地expressoneself自我表達(dá)betiredout精疲力盡 makesure務(wù)必,確信 aboveall首先,首要的是droplittereverywhere到處亂扔垃圾leavethetaprunning讓水龍頭一直流淌obeytrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則 forthefirsttime首次onone’sown單獨(dú),獨(dú)自sthhappenstosb某事發(fā)生在某人身上holdatalk舉行一次報(bào)告sayhellotosb向某人問(wèn)好句型歸納adj.+enoughtodosth 夠.....,,做某事too+adj./adv.+todosth 太....而不能做某事keepsbfrom(doing)sth 使某人免于(做)某事avoiddoingsth 避免做某事warnsb(not)todosth 警告某人(不)要做某事inordertodosth 為了做某事riskdoingsth 冒險(xiǎn)做某事try(not)todosth 努力(不)做某事find+某人/某物(n./pron.)+adj.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物......8BUnit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)PartOneicstripI’mtrainingtobeavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.(P78)=1\*GB3①train此處為及物動(dòng)詞(也可作不及物動(dòng)詞),意為“接受訓(xùn)練;培訓(xùn)等”例如:Heistrainingtobeadoctor.Weshouldtrainstudentstoformgoodhabits.=2\*GB3②trainern.教練;traineen.接受訓(xùn)練的人,學(xué)員=3\*GB3③training不可數(shù)名詞,意為“訓(xùn)練”。例如:Youneedmoretraining.Willyousupportme,Eddie?(P78)=1\*GB3①support此處為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“支持”。例如:Idon’tsupporthisopinion.=2\*GB3②support作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“支持,擁護(hù)”。例如:Heneedsoursupport.=3\*GB3③supporter可數(shù)名詞,意為“支持者,擁護(hù)者”。例如:Ihavemanysupporters.It’smeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.(P78)meaningfuladj.有有意義的;meaninglessadj.無(wú)意義的例如: Whathedidismeaningful.Hegavemeameaningfullook.HowcanIhelpthen?(P78)辨析:can與beableto 易混詞含義具體解析can能,會(huì)只是一般性的能力,指“有能力做某事”,只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(can)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)(could) 可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、允許;beableto則不能可能用來(lái)推測(cè),表示可能性,常用于否定句中beableto能,會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)具體事件中有能力,指“經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功地做某事”,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài);不能與can連用;不能表示可能性的推測(cè)例如:Theboycanskate=Theboyisabletoskate.CanIein?Themancan’tbeMr.Green.HehasgonetoAmerica.Ineedsomemorefoodtoeatatwork.(P78)somemore意為“再來(lái)一點(diǎn),再多一些”拓展:“數(shù)詞+more+名詞”=“another+數(shù)詞+名詞”。例如:Iwanttobuytenmoreapples.=wewanttobuyanothertenapples.PartTwoWeletotheunitblindadj.瞎的(P79)由blind構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ):goblind失明;turnablindeyeto對(duì)……佯裝不見(jiàn)beblindto對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)deafadj.聾的(P79)例如: Heisadeafman.Heisdeafofanear.拓展:=1\*GB3①bedeaftoadvice意為“不聽(tīng)勸告”Tomisalwaysdeaftoadvice.=2\*GB3②turnadeafearto意為“對(duì)……充耳不聞”Don’tturnadeafeartowhatIsaid.3、Whatarehomelesspeople,Daniel?(P79)homelessadj.無(wú)家可歸的類(lèi)似以后綴“l(fā)ess”構(gòu)成的單詞:careless馬虎的;useless無(wú)用的;harmless無(wú)害的;meaningless沒(méi)有意義的;endless無(wú)盡的;helpless無(wú)助的4、Theycanprovidespecialplacesforhomelesspeopletostay.(P79)providesth.forsb.意為“為某人提供某物”,相當(dāng)于providesb.withsth.例如: Theyoftenprovidehungrychildrenwithfood.Theyoftenprovidefoodforhungrychildren.簡(jiǎn)單辨析:give,provide與offer=1\*GB3①providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.=2\*GB3②givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.=3\*GB3③offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.PartThreeReadingThespecialOlympicsWorldGamesgivechildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachancetoshowtheirskillstotheworld..(P80)=1\*GB3①givesb.achancetodosth.意為“給某人做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”例如:Iwillgiveyouachancetoexplainyourself.=2\*GB3②句中的withintellectualdisabilities為后置定語(yǔ),修飾childrenandadults。介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般要后置。例如:Thestudentsondutyarecleaningtheclassroom.=3\*GB3③chance可數(shù)名詞,意為“機(jī)會(huì)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性。例如:Doyouhaveachancetowin?Youhavenochancenow.TheyincludemanyeventssimilartothoseintheOlympics….(P80)=1\*GB3①event此處用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“比賽項(xiàng)目;大事”。例如:Howmanyeventsarethereatyourschoolsportsmeeting?It’saneventinhistory.那是歷史上的一件大事。=2\*GB3②similaradj.意為“同樣的,類(lèi)似的”,besimilarto意為“與……相似”,其中to為介詞,其后多接名詞或代詞例如:Mywatchissimilartoyours.拓展:besimilarin意為“在……方面相似”;bethesameas意為“與……相同”Theyaresimilarincolor.Mycoatisthesameasmyfriend’s.Thentheyprovidedsupportfortheathletesandhelpedmaketheeventagreatsuccess.(P80)maketheeventagreatsuccess意為“使本屆特奧會(huì)取得很大的成功”,make+sb./sth.+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),其中theevent是make的賓語(yǔ),agreatsuccess為其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 例如:Hardlifemakestheboyaman.艱苦的生活使這個(gè)男孩成為一個(gè)男子漢WemadeTomourmonitor.拓展:make后還以接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Don’tmaketheboycryanymore.Theboyoftenmakeshismotherangry.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinChinese.Hewasbornwithintellectualdisabilities.(P81)bebornwith…..意為“生來(lái)具有……”例如:Hewasbornwithaweakbody.他生來(lái)體弱。ToLiHai,themostimportantthingisnottowinagoldorasilver,buttotakepart.(P81)=1\*GB3①not…but…意為“不是……,而是……”。例如: Jim’sfatherisnotateacherbutadoctor.Thebookisnothersbutmine.=2\*GB3②gold此處用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“金牌”。例如:Hewonmanygolds.拓展:gold還可用作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“黃金,金子”;gold用作形容詞時(shí),意為“金黃色的,金質(zhì)的”。Howmuchgolddoyouhave?你有多少黃金?ThegirlwithagoldwatchisMary.那個(gè)戴金表的女孩是瑪麗。HefeelsmoreconfidentnowbecauseoftheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames.(P81)confidentadj.此處意為“自信的”,可以作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。其常見(jiàn)搭配有:beconfidentofsth.意為“對(duì)……有信心”;beconfident+that從句意為“確信……,對(duì)……有信心”。例如:Heisaconfidentperson.Maryisconfidentofpassingtheexam.=Maryisconfidentthatshecanpasstheexam.Yougettohelpthemachievetheirdreams…(P81)=1\*GB3①gettodosth.此處意為“有機(jī)會(huì)做某事,得到做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”。例如:HegottotakepartintheOlympics.Hegottotryouthisnewidea.=2\*GB3②gettosb.還表示“使某人惱怒或生氣,影響某人”。例如:Don’tletthemgettoyou.不要讓他們影響你。Iknowsomepeopleoffertohelpwithoutgettingpaidfortheevent.(P82)offertodosth.意為“主動(dòng)提出做某事”。例如:MaryofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.拓展:offersth.提供某物;offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.Heofferedsomeadvice.Theyofferedushotwater.=Theyofferedhotwatertous.DidLiHaiwinfirstprize?(P82)=1\*GB3①firstprize意為“一等獎(jiǎng)”,當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示名詞時(shí),其前的定冠詞通??梢允÷?。例如:Hewonthirdprizeatlast.=2\*GB3②prize此處為可數(shù)名詞,意為“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)賞”,wintheprize意為“獲獎(jiǎng)”,常常指在比賽中獲勝時(shí)或有特殊貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)所得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。例如:HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforpeace.他獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。WhataretheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamesfor?(P83)What…for?意為“為什么……?”。例如:Whatareyouherefor?Tomeetmyuncle.辨析:what…for與whyWhat…for為什么……用于詢(xún)問(wèn)目的或用途,一般用動(dòng)詞不定式或for介詞短語(yǔ)等回答,不能用because回答例:Whatdoyouwantabasketfor?Iwanttobuysomeapples.why為什么側(cè)重詢(xún)問(wèn)原因,一般用because作答例:Whywereyoulateforschool?BecauseImissedtheearlybus.PartFourGrammarDoyouhaveanytroubletalkingtopeoplewithintellectualdisabilities?(P85)havetrouble(in)doingsth.意為“做某事費(fèi)力(或有麻煩)”。例如:Ihavesometrouble(in)workingouttheproblem.拓展:=1\*GB3①trouble是不可數(shù)名詞,前面可用no,much,some,alittle,little等詞修飾,介詞in通常省略。例如:HehasnotroublelearningEnglish.=2\*GB3②和havetroubledoingsth.類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有:havedifficultydoingsth.做某事有困難;haveproblemsdoingsth.做某事有問(wèn)題;havefundoingsth.=haveagreattimedoingsth.做某事很開(kāi)心=3\*GB3③havetroublewithsth.某事有麻煩;havedifficultywithsth.在某事上遇到困難;例如:Thegirlhadproblemswithherhealthlastweek.donateblood(P86)=1\*GB3①donate此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“捐獻(xiàn)”,donatesth.tosb.意為“把某物捐給某人”。例如: Youcandonatethebookstothechildreninpoorareas.拓展:donate還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“捐獻(xiàn)”;donation名詞,意為“捐助,捐贈(zèng)物”,當(dāng)意為“捐贈(zèng)物”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞;當(dāng)意為“捐助”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Hehasalotofmoney,buthedoesn’twanttodonate.Theyreceivedmanydonationsfromthegovernment.Thedonationisabout10,000dollars.=2\*GB3②blood此處用作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“血,血液”。例如: Bloodisthickerthanwater.Thereissomebloodontheground.拓展:bloodtype血型;makeabloodtest驗(yàn)血;incoldblood殘忍地;makesb.’sbloodfreeze使某人極度恐懼PartSixTask1、Thedoctorsaysthathehasaseriousblooddisease.(P90)disease此處為可數(shù)名詞,意為“疾病”。例如: Hewasbornwithaheartdisease.2、Theydonothaveenoughmoneyforsuchanoperation.(P90)辨析:such與so such形容詞,用來(lái)修飾名詞+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so副詞,用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞+形容詞/副詞+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+many/few/much/little(少)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞例如:Theyaresuchusefulbooks.Heissoclever.Therearesomanypeopleintheroom.Otherwise,hemaylosehislife.(P90) loseone’slife意為“失去生命,喪生”。例如:Manypeoplelosttheirlivesbecauseofsmoking.拓展:=1\*GB3①loseheart灰心喪氣Don’tloseheart.You’lllearnEnglishwell.=2\*GB3②loseoneself迷路;沉湎于Helosthimselfinreading.=3\*GB3③loseone’sway迷路,相當(dāng)于getlostTheboylosthiswayandcriedonthestreet.短語(yǔ)歸納providesth.forsb.為某人提供某物bebornwith生來(lái)具有……bemadeupof又……組成leadto導(dǎo)致receivetraining接受培訓(xùn)theswimmingcoach游泳教練giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手achieveone’sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想not…but…不是……,而是……droplittereverywhere亂丟垃圾keepintouch保持聯(lián)系not…anymore不再getwellagain恢復(fù)健康句型歸納feellike+n./doingsth.想要某事/做某事,感覺(jué)像某物/做某事expecttodosth.期待做某事offertodosth.主動(dòng)做某事takeactiontodosth.采取行動(dòng)做某事8BUnit7知識(shí)點(diǎn)PartOneicstrip1、Youhavesomepocketmoneyleft.(P92)left此處是leave的過(guò)去分詞,意思是“剩余的”。例如: Attheendoftheparty,wehadsomefoodleft.拓展:(1)left名詞,意思是“左邊”。例如:ThegirlontheleftisLily.(2)left副詞,意思是“向左”。例如:Youcanturnleftatthesecondcrossing.left形容詞,意思是“左邊的”。例如:Thepostofficeisontheleftsideofthestreet.PartTwoWeletotheunit1.ORBIS(國(guó)際奧比斯組織)(P93)2.Oxfam(<英>牛津饑荒救濟(jì)委員會(huì)/樂(lè)施會(huì))(P93)3.UNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì))(P93)4.WWF(WorldWildlifeFund世界野生動(dòng)物基金)(P93)重點(diǎn)全解IknowaboutacharitycalledUNICEF.(P93)1.knowabout表示“了解,知道”。例如: Doyouknowabouthim?2.UNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund)聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.(P93)1.helpsb.(to)dosth.“幫助某人做某事”;helpsb.withsth.“幫助某人某事”。例如: Theboyhelpedtheoldwomantocrosstheroad.Shealwayshelpshimwithhishomework.2.especiallyadv.“尤其,特別”,是especial的副詞形式;especialadj.“特別的,特殊的”。例如:Iamespeciallybusyonthisweekends.Thisisanespecialday.3.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界例如:Iwanttotravelaroundtheworld.=Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.3.Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.(P93)1.basicadj.“基礎(chǔ)的,基本的”。例如:Everyoneshouldgetbasicright.2.education不可數(shù)名詞“教育”。例如:Childrenmustgeteducation.拓展:1.educatev.“教育;培養(yǎng)”。Educatesb.todosth.“教育某人做某事”。例如:Ittakespatiencetoeducatechildren.Youshouldeducateyoursontobefriendlytoothers.2.educatorn.“教育工作者;教育家”。例如:TaoXingzhiisagreateducator.4.Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.(P93)1.spreadv.“擴(kuò)散;分布;展開(kāi)”。例如:Wemustpreventthespreadofthiskindofillness.Youshouldrealizetheimportanceofthespreadofeducation.拓展:spread(spreadspread)既可以作及物動(dòng)詞,也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“展開(kāi);傳播;散布”。例如:Hespreadthemap.Thenewswasspreadquickly.PartThreeReadingDrMa,pleasetellussomethingaboutblindness.(P94)blindness不可數(shù)名詞“失明”。例如:Don’tgiveupyourdreambecauseofyourblindness.拓展:blindness是形容詞blind+后綴ness構(gòu)成的名詞,類(lèi)似的還有:kindness和藹illness疾病happiness快樂(lè)richness富有sadness悲傷Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcentre.(P94)beusedas…“被用作……..”.例如:Englishisusedasasecondlanguageinmanycountries.拓展:1.beusedfor….“被用來(lái)”例如:Aknifeisusedforcuttingthings.2.beusedby…“被…….使用”例如:Chineseisusedbymoreandmoreforeigners.3.beusedin…“被用于……方面”例如:Ihopethatthemoneyisusedinmedicalresearch.Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital…(P94)1.afford及物動(dòng)詞“買(mǎi)得起;能做;承擔(dān)得起”,后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)。例如: ThehouseissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.Shecan’taffordtopayforherdaughter’seducation.口訣:巧記afford的用法:動(dòng)詞afford表“承擔(dān)”,用法特殊記心間。can,could,beableto,三個(gè)“能”字在其前。疑問(wèn)否定常出現(xiàn),被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就免談。2.gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去醫(yī)院(看病人或做其他事)Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.(P94)onboard“在飛機(jī)(船、火車(chē))上”例如:Allthesailorshavebeenonboard.Whenyouareonboard,youshouldturnoffyourmobilephone.Duringmylastvisit,150patientswereoperatedon.(P95)1.patient在句中用作可數(shù)名詞,“病人,患者”例如:Thesepatientsarewaitingforthedoctortoe.一言辨義:Asadoctor,youshouldbepatientwithallthepatients.=2\#"#,##0.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"2operate不及物動(dòng)詞,“開(kāi)刀,做手術(shù)”,“給某人做手術(shù)”應(yīng)用operateonsb.表示例如:Thedoctorisoperatingonhim.拓展:operate“操作;開(kāi)動(dòng)(機(jī)器等)”例如:Hisfatherisoperatingthemachine.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.(P95)Proudadj.“自豪的,驕傲的”。常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)如下:1.beproudtodosth.“以做某事而驕傲”例如:Alltheplayersareproudtoplayfortheirmotherland.2.beproudof…“為……..而自豪”例如:Theyareproudoftheirson.3.beproudthat+從句,………很自豪…….例如:IamproudthatIhavefinishedtheworksuccessfully.拓展:takepridein…與beproudof…同義“為……..而自豪”例如:Doyoutakeprideinyourjob?7、Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.(P95)1.medicine用作不可數(shù)名詞,“醫(yī)學(xué);藥”?!胺帲怀运?;喝藥”應(yīng)用takethemedicine表示,而不用eatthemedicine或drinkthemedicine表示。例如:Chinesemedicineisverypopularinwesterncountriesnow.Youmusttakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2.develop可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)展;加強(qiáng)”。例如:ModernmusicwasfirstdevelopedinItaly.Youshoulddevelopyourmindfully.拓展:development可用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,“發(fā)展;進(jìn)展;發(fā)達(dá);發(fā)育”;developing“發(fā)展中的”,developed“發(fā)達(dá)的”。3.treat及物動(dòng)詞,“治療”例如:Thedoctoristreatinghimforhisillness.拓展:treat用作及物動(dòng)詞,“對(duì)待;看待;把……看作”,treat….as…”把……看作…..”例如:Don’ttreatmeasachild.辨析:treat與curetreat賓語(yǔ)是人、某種疾病或發(fā)病的部位,強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的過(guò)程,指對(duì)病人進(jìn)行診斷和治療,但不含治好的意思Thedentististreatingmyteeth.牙科醫(yī)生正在給我看牙。cure賓語(yǔ)可以是人,也可以是某種疾病,強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的結(jié)果,指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾病Thismedicinewillcureyourtoothache.這種藥課治好你的牙疼。一言辨義:Iwilltrymybesttotreathim,butI’mnotsurewhetherIcancurehim.8、.Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.(P95)carryonwithsth.“繼續(xù)做某事”,相當(dāng)于carryondoingsth.,goondoingsth.或continuedoingsth.例如:Let’scarryonwiththework.PartFiveIntegratedskillsUNICEFraisesmoneybysellingChristmascardsandorganizingotheractivities.(P101)organize及物動(dòng)詞,“組織”,其名詞形式為organization.例如:Ourschooloftenorganizesdifferentactivities.Thisisaneworganization.2、Openyourmouthandletmehaveacheck.(P102)check此處用作可數(shù)名詞,“檢查;檢驗(yàn);核對(duì)”;haveacheck“檢查一下”例如:Youshouldhaveacheckbeforeyouhandinyourexampaper.拓展:1.check及物動(dòng)詞“檢查;檢驗(yàn);核對(duì)”例如:Haveyoucheckedthehomework?2.英語(yǔ)中類(lèi)似haveacheck的短語(yǔ)還有很多,如:havealook看一看haveaswim游泳havearest休息haveabreak休息haveawalk散步haveatry試一試haveadiscussion討論haveatalk談一談PartSixStudySkills1.Icouldnotsleepatallthatnight…(P103)not…atall“一點(diǎn)也不,根本不”,其中not通常與主語(yǔ)后面的be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞do,does或did等連用,構(gòu)成縮略形式。例如:Heisn’tgoodatswimmingatall.Ican’tsingatall.Hedoesn’twanttostayhereatall.拓展:Notatall.”不客氣;不用謝”,相當(dāng)于Youarewele.PartSevenTask1、…soshemadeuphismindtotrainasanurseandattendedcoursesafterwork.(P104)1.makeupone’smindtodosth.“決定做某事”=decidetodosth.例如:Hemadeuphismindtoreturntohishometown.2.attend及物動(dòng)詞,“上(學(xué));去(教堂)”,還可以是“參加;出席;到場(chǎng)”例如:Childrenbetween5and16mustattendschool.Hewasill,sohedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.2.Sheisgettingusedtotravellingbyplane.(P104)辨析:be/getusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.與beusedtodosth.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事HisfatherisusedtowatchingTVbeforegoingtobed.usedtodosth.過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事Theboyusedtoplayputergames.beusedtodosth.被用來(lái)做某事Moreandmorewoodisusedtomakepaper.3、India印度(P105)India名詞,“印度”;Indian“印度的;印度人的;印第安語(yǔ)”例如:HeisfromIndia,andheisanIndian.短語(yǔ)歸納medicaltreatment醫(yī)學(xué)治療dooperations做手術(shù)trainingcentre培訓(xùn)中心onboard在飛機(jī)(船、火車(chē))上carryonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事handout分發(fā);發(fā)出setup創(chuàng)建,建立preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases預(yù)防某些嚴(yán)重疾病的傳播beusedas…被用作……operateonsb.給某人做手術(shù)modernmedicine現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)inhospital生病住院preventsb,fromdoingsth.阻止/預(yù)防某人做某事attendcourses上課;參加課程輔導(dǎo)句型歸納1.can’taffordtodosth.承擔(dān)不起做某事2.beproudtodosth.以做某事而驕傲3.makeupone’smindtodosth.下定決心做某事8BUnit8知識(shí)點(diǎn)PartThreeReadingInSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperareseparatedintodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.(P108)beseparatedinto意為“被分成”;separate=moveapart:分開(kāi),隔開(kāi)。separate......from意為“把......和......分開(kāi)/分離”例如:Let'sseparateintosmallergroups.Mymotherisseparatingthegoodapplesfromthebadones.Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling.(P108)sendsthtosb=sendsbsth意為“把某物寄/送給某人”固定搭配:sendaway:開(kāi)除,攆走;sendfor:派人去請(qǐng);sendup:發(fā)射;sendoff:寄出,發(fā)出例如:Hesentapresenttoheryesterday=Hesentherapresentyesterday.MyfamilyandIoftensendouroldjeansandTshirtstothisorganization.(P108)family意為“家庭,家族,子女”,是可數(shù)名詞。family意為“家庭”時(shí),是集合名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容而定,如果作為一個(gè)集體單位時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果就其成員而言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。home意為“家”,指某人出生及日常生活的環(huán)境,包括住所及家人。house一般指居住的建筑物,即“房子,住宅”。family意為“家人,家庭”,指組成家庭的成員,特別指父母及子女,有時(shí)僅指子女。例如:Herfamilyisahappyone.MyhomeisinNanjing.Therearethreeroomsinmyhouse.4、Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees.(P108)=1\*GB3①example意為“例子,榜樣,模范”是可數(shù)名詞;forexample意為“例如”,其中的example只能用單數(shù)形式,且其前不能帶冠詞。固定搭配:takeanexample:舉個(gè)例子;followone'sexample:學(xué)某人的樣子;giveagoodexampletoothers:為別人樹(shù)立好榜樣。example例子,榜樣,楷模使用范圍較廣,既可指人也可指物。Example沒(méi)有“模型”之意。model模范,典范,模型指好的或有價(jià)值的東西,也可指值得效仿的優(yōu)秀的人或物,有明顯的褒義。例如:Iamgoingtogiveyouanexample.Thelatestmodelswillbeondisplayatthemotorshow.=2\*GB3②allow意

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