專題01 名詞-中考英語語法單項選擇題專項突破（原卷版）

名詞按其詞匯意義可分為兩大類：專有名詞和普通名詞。普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如下表所示：名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞人名、地名、國名、機構(gòu)、組織、團體名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞通過分析歷年高考題，可以看出：對于名詞，主要考查可數(shù)與不可數(shù)；單復(fù)數(shù)；所有格；詞義辨析?？键c一.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞在中考英語中，快速、準確區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞非常重要。個體名詞和集體名詞屬于可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞。1.牢記一些不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞主要從液體、食物、自然和材料四個方面記憶：類別例詞液體water,tea,coffee,wine,milk,juice,orange(橙汁),oil,soup,bear(啤酒),ink等食物food,rice,bread,meat,chicken(雞肉),fish(魚肉),beef(牛肉)等自然soil,sand,wind,ice,air,rain,snow,fire等材料paper,plastic,silk,wood,gold,cotton,iron等抽象名詞主要從情感、學(xué)科、屬類和抽象概念四個方面記憶：類別例詞情感pleasure,joy,sadness,happiness,kindness,luck等學(xué)課math,physics,English,Chinese,chemistry,geography,biology,art,history,music,science,grammar等屬類fruit,business,change(零錢),money,furniture,equipment,news,luggage,traffic,rubbish,litter,trash,weather等抽象概念advice,age,knowledge,fun,life,energy,trouble,truth,honesty,information,beauty,work,wealth,progress,health,nature,peace等。2.前有these,those,few,afew,many,agood/greatmany,agreat/goodnumberof,oneof等修飾語時，選擇可數(shù)名詞，且用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.前有l(wèi)ittle,alittle,abitof,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof

等修飾語時，選擇不可數(shù)名詞。4.作主語，且謂語是單數(shù)時，選擇單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語是復(fù)數(shù)時，選擇可數(shù)名詞，且用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5.不可數(shù)名詞表達量時可用“數(shù)詞或冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，但of后面的名詞只能用單數(shù)。1.Kailiisoneofthemostbeautiful_______inGuizhou.（黔東南）A.placeB.cities C.town D.county2.Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.(廣東)A.news B.ideas C.messages D.thoughts3.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosome_________ifyoulike.(南通)A．fishandchicken B．fishesandchicken C．fishandchickens D．fishesandchickens4.Theyboydidn’tfindmuch_______aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.(呼和浩特)A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story5.Didthepolicemangivemuch_______onhowtoprotectpersonalinformation?(上海)A)noteB)tipC)adviceD)book6.Thecomputerisoneofthemostimportant______.(巴中)A.inventorB.inventionsC.invention7.——Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?Theymayfityouwell．一Well，I'dliketotrythoseblue__________.(黃岡)A．pairs B．one C．pant D．pair8.―Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?(河北)―Yes,

,please.

A.someoranges

B.twoboxesofchocolates

C.somecakes

D.twobottlesoforange考點二.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。對可數(shù)名詞的考查主要在于其復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種情況：規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)和不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)，對其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成應(yīng)加強記憶。1.規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：1）一般情況在名詞后加-s。例如：face—faces,cup—cups,desk—desks2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞，后加-es。例如：bus—buses,box—boxes,watch—watches,brush—brushes3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加-es。例如：city—cities,factory—factories,country—countries,family—families4）以-f，-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，一般變-f,-fe為v，再加-es。例如：wife—wives,life—lives,leaf—leaves,shelf—shelves,thief—thieves但是：roof—roofs,proof—proofs,belief—beliefs,handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarf—scarfs/scarves5）以-o結(jié)尾的名詞：a.以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的名詞或某些外來詞，后加-s。例如：zoo—zoos,radio—radios,piano—pianos,kilo—kilosb.以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的名詞（外來詞除外），加-es。例如：hero—heroes,tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoesc.少數(shù)以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，后加-e或-es都可以。例如：motto—motto(e)s,zero—zero(e)s,volcano—volcano(e)s2.不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不是通過在詞尾加-s或-es構(gòu)成，而是通過其詞形變化構(gòu)成。常見的有：man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,mouse—mice,goose—geese,child—children,ox—oxen,basis—bases,datum—data,medium—media,phenomenon—phenomena。一些以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是將其詞尾變?yōu)?men或-women。例如：fisherman—fishermen,chairman—chairmen,policeman—policemen,policewoman—policewomen。由“man/woman+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成名詞，通常都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。例如：mencooks,mendoctors,womenteachers,womensingers。1.Atnightthekoalabeargetsupandeats___________．(廣元)A．1eaf B．1eaves C．leafs2.Therearetwo______inherfamily.(綏化)A.child B.childs C.children3.Therearealotof__________onthegrassland.sheep-dogissittingnexttothem.(蘭州)A.sheep;The B.sheep;AC.sheeps;The D.sheeps;A4Therearemorethanonehundredteachersinourschool,andmostofthemare______.(安順)A.men’steachersB.manteachersC.menteacherD.menteachers5. —Howtimeflies!Itistwo________sincewemetlast.(哈爾濱)—Soitis.Imissyousomuch.A.months B.monthes C.months’考點三.名詞所有格名詞所有格表示人或事物的所屬關(guān)系，一般作定語。名詞所有格是中考考查的重要方面。1.表示有生命的名詞所有格情況構(gòu)成例詞不以s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾加-’stom’sphonenumber湯姆的電話號碼children’sbooks兒童讀物以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞詞尾加-’s或-’theboss’s(boss’)office老板的辦公室Engels’s(Engels’)works恩格斯的著作以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾加-’theteachers’desk講桌thegirls’dormitory女生宿舍2.表示無生命的名詞所有格1)無生命的名詞所有格用“of+名詞”表示。例如：themapofChina中國地圖，thecapitaloftheUS美國首都2)表示集體、時間、距離、世界、國家等名詞的所有格通常以用--‘表示。例如：today’snewspaper今天的報紙，atenminutes’walk步行十分鐘的路程，NationalDay國慶節(jié)注意：1.如果連詞and連接兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞，表示共同所有關(guān)系時，只在最后一個名詞的后面加-’s;如果and連接的兩個名詞后是一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則表示二者分別所有，則在兩個名詞的后面分別加-’s。例如：ThisisLiLeiandLiPing’sfather.這是李雷和李平的父親。(兩個人共同的父親)TheyareLiLei’sandLiping’sfathers.他們是李雷和李平的父親。(兩個人各自的父親)2.表示店鋪，某人的家，私人開的診所、餐館等，其所有格后的名詞(如shop等)可以省略。例如：atthedoctor's在醫(yī)生的診所atachemist's在藥店3.雙重所有格“of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如果在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時，常用雙重所有格。1.“Itdependsonmydecision.”themothersaidandlookedathertwosons.(白銀、武威)A.childrenB.children'sC.childD.child's2.—Henry,haveyouseentheEnglishbookonthe______desk?Ifyouseeit,pleasetakeittothe______office.—OK.(恩施)A.teachers’;teachers’B.teacher’s;teachers’C.teacher’s;teacher’s3.—Comeandseemein．—Withpleasure．That’swhatI'mexpecting．(哈爾濱)A．twoorthreedays' B．twoorthreeday'stime C．twoorthreedays'time4.I'mgoingonholidayonthe12th．Ihavetobebackatworkonthe26th.SoI'vegottwo_______holiday．(臨沂)A．weeks B．week's C．weeks' D．week5.

—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?

—No,it’sabout_______.（寧波）

A.7minuteswalk

B.7minutewalk C.7minutes’walk

D.7minute’swalk

6.______motherworksinSt.Mary’sHospital.（青海）A.JimandBob B.Jim’sandBob’s C.JimandBob’s7._________fathersarebothscientists．(咸寧)A．Jim'sandBob B．Jim'sandBob'sC．JimandBob'sD．JimandBob考點四.名詞詞義辨析這類題首先要根據(jù)語境確定名詞的詞義，再根據(jù)語法規(guī)則進一步確定詞形。另一方面，可根據(jù)生活常識和文化習(xí)俗尋找關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案?！狫imisverysick.Wemustfindadoctor.（濟南）—Let'stakehimtothenearest_______.A.bankB.hospitalC.stationD.restaurant2.Helendoesn'tlike______.Shelikesfruitandvegetables.（濟南）A.pearB.meatC.carrotD.tomato3.一Kangkang,tellussomethingabout_________inyourhometown?(咸寧)一Usuallyonthisday,peopleeatzongziinmemoryofQuYuan.A.theSpringFestivalB.thelanternFestivalC.theDragonBoatFestivalD.theMid-AutumnFestival4.—What’syour_______toEnglishlearning,LinTao?(襄陽)—IthinkwatchingEnglishmoviesishelpful.A.placeB.ageC.timeD.secret5.Youshouldlookintohiseyeswhenyoutalktosomebody.Itshowsyour__________.(山西)A.shyness B.politeness C.quietness6.—Judy,IwillhaveameetinginCanadanextweek.(重慶)—Well,you’dbettertakea___________withyou,oryoumayeasilygetlost.A.photo B.stamp C.map D.postcard7.—Lindaoftenanswerstheteachers’_____inclass,doesn’tshe?（貴港）—Yes.Sheisveryactive.A.problemsB.noticesC.questionsD.messages8.Thereisa______inmyneighborhoodandIoftengotheretoseetigers.(貴陽)A.zoo B.bank C.school9.ItisveryhotinHainanthissummer.OnJune3rd,the_______inLingaoreached41.9℃.(海南)A.temperature B.information C.development10.—Iwonderifyou'remadeadecisionontheproject,Eric.(武漢)—Notyet.Ican'tmakeituntilIhavefirst-hand______onprices.A.news B.knowledge C.information D.education鞏固練習(xí)：1.TodayisSeptember10th.It’s______Day.Let’ssay“Thankyou”toourteachers.(賀州)A.Teacher’s B.theTeachers’ C.Teachers D.Teachers’2.—Howfarisyourhomefromthetrainstation?(涼山)—It’sabout20________walk.A.minute B.minutes C.minute’s D.minutes’3.—How________isitfromyourschooltohome?(黔西南)—It’sonly__________.A.far;aten-minuteswalk B.long;tenminutes’walkC.far;tenminutes’walk D.long;aten-minutewalk4.MrSmithalwayshas_________totellus．(青島)A．somegoodpiecesofnews B．somepiecesofgoodnewsC．somegoodpieceofnewes D．somepieceofgoodnewes5._____roomisbigandbright．Theylikeitverymuch．(河北)A．TomandSamB．Tom'sfindSam C．TomandSam'sD．Tom'sandSam's6.―How’sJoy’sskirt?

―Herskirtismorebeautifulthan

.

(蘭州)A.hersister’sandKate

B.hersisterandKate

C.hersisterandKate’s

D.hersister’sandKate’s7.Theyoungladyisafreshhand.Givehermoretime,andshecandoitbetter.(六盤水)A.player B.beginner C.stranger D.officer8.H7N9avianinfluenza(禽流感)isanewkindof_______intheworl