綜合教程I-Unit4-Dealing-with-AIDS-課文分析課件

Unit4DealingwithAIDS

syndromeacquired

immunodeficiencyHowmuchdoyouknowaboutAIDS?Whatisthethemeofthetext?TextanalysisTextanalysisStructuralanalysisDealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendshipandencouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Structural

analysisTextanalysisStructuralanalysisHowisthisnarrativestoryorganized?Thenarrativeisorganizedinthechronologicalorderwiththeactivitiesandeventsrelatedinthetruestory.2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)MainideaThisparagraphgivestheinstructivemessageofthestory,andmakesclearthespecificdatewhenAIDSbecameknowntothewriter.ThispartprovidesanaccountofhowthewritercametoknowthefactthathisfriendwassufferingfromAIDS,howhefelt,whatattitudeheadopted,andhowothersrespondedtoit.TextanalysisStructuralanalysis12-4Paragraph(s)MainideaThispartshowsthatthewritermaintainedapositiveattitudetowardshisfriend.ThisparagraphmentionsthespecificdatethatmarkedtheendofDavid’slife,describesthewriter’sfeelingstowardsDavid’sdeath,andtellsushowthewriterkeepshisfriend’smemoryalive.TextanalysisStructuralanalysis5-781.DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.BeforethesixteenthofOctober1995,Iwasthemostcarefreepersonintheworld.Ihadnoworriesandwasjustlivinglifeup.Ineverthoughtthatanythingcouldhappentomeormyfriends.Wewereinvincible.Thatis,untilthewordAIDScameintomylife.DealingwithAIDSDetailedreadingstrengthenvt.tomakesomethingstrongerormoreeffective,ortobecomestrongerormoreeffectivee.g.Thewindstrengthenedduringthenight.夜里風(fēng)刮得更大了。Theyhavebeenstrengtheningtheirborderdefenseinpreparationforwar.他們已加強(qiáng)了邊界的防守，作好了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的準(zhǔn)備。DetailedreadingAntonym:weaken

vi.DetailedreadingSynonym:consolidateDerivations:strength

n.strong

adj.bondn.1)acloseconnectionjoiningtwoormorepeoplee.g.Commontastesformabondbetweenthetwomen.共同的愛好使兩人結(jié)為朋友。Insocietieswithstrongfamilybonds(=relationships),peopletendtolivelonger.e.g.Iinvestedsomemoneyinsavingsbonds.Weenteredintoasolemnbond.我們締結(jié)了一份正式合約。2)anofficialpapergivenbythegovernmentoracompanytoshowthatyouhavelentthemmoneythattheywillpaybacktoyouataninterestratethatdoesnotchange債券，合約

Detailedreadingmatureadj.1)Maturepeoplebehavelikeadultsinawaythatshowstheyarewelldevelopedemotionally.e.g.Oh,growup!Behaveinamorematureway.噢，別那么不懂事了（表現(xiàn)得成熟些吧）！He’sverymatureforhisage.e.g.Uponmaturereflection,wefindtheaccusedguilty.Synonym:ripe2)Amaturedecisionisonewhichismadeafteralotofcarefulthought.充分考慮的；成熟的

DetailedreadingDerivation:maturityn.carefreeadj.havingnoproblemsornotbeingworriedaboutanythinge.g.Iremembermycarefreestudentdays.Synonym:unworriedDetailedreadinginvincibleadj.impossibletodefeatorpreventfromdoingwhatisintendede.g.Wehaveaninvinciblearmy.我們有一支不可戰(zhàn)勝的軍隊(duì)。Synonyms:unbeatable,unconquerableDetailedreadingDerivation:invincibilityn.Ourmanagerhasaninvinciblewill.我們的經(jīng)理有著堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Explanation:AIDSisanacronymforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(獲得性免疫缺損綜合癥).Translation:對(duì)付艾滋病能強(qiáng)化人們之間的友誼，培養(yǎng)感情并使人更加成熟。Detailedreading2.For10yearsDavidandIwerethebestoffriends.Thenwegottohighschoolandthingsstartedtochange.Wewereindifferentclasses,sowedidn’thangoutasmuch.ItbotheredmebutIthoughtthatwewerebothjustgrowingup,andthereweremorefriendswherehecamefrom.ThenIbegantonoticethathewasn’tinschoolalot,andwassickmorethanusual.SoIcalledhimandhehunguponme.Ididn’tknowwhattodo,soonceagainIblewitoff.ThenonedayIsawDavidinthemallandIconfrontedhimastowhywewerenotfriendsanymore.Hepulledmeasideandbrokedownintearsandsaidthathewasdying.Ididn’tbelievehim.Sure,IhadheardaboutAIDS,butthatitwasahomosexualdiseaseanditdidn’taffectyoungpeople,soIsaidthatitwasasickjokeandleft.Detailedreadinghangouttospendalotoftimeinaplaceorwithsomeonee.g.Theynormallyhangoutinthepub.他們經(jīng)常在酒吧里鬼混。Wherehaveyoubeenhangingoutthesedays?你這些日子里都在什么地方？DetailedreadingSheusedtohangoutwithhergoodfriendsinthewoods.她過去常常和朋友們?cè)跇淞掷镩e蕩。confront

vt.

toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersone.g.Asoldieroftenhastoconfrontdangers.士兵常常要身臨險(xiǎn)境。Theyconfrontedtheprisonerwithhisaccusers.他們讓犯人與原告對(duì)質(zhì)。Comparison:meet:toexperiencesomethinge.g.I’venevermetthatkindofproblem/systembefore.Hemethisdeath(=hedied)intheicywatersoftheSouthAtlantic.DetailedreadingSynonyms:face,encounter,meetmeet,encounter,face,confrontencounter:(formal)tomeetsomeoneunexpectedly;tomeetadifficultyorsetback偶然碰見，遭遇

e.g.Ontheirwayhometheyencounteredawomansellingflowers.Detailedreadingconfront:vt.toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersonbravelye.g.Wemustconfrontfuturewithoptimism.Ofcourse,weallencounterproblemsandobstacleseveryday,butweshouldtrytoovercomethem.當(dāng)然，我們每天都會(huì)遇到難題和坎坷，但是我們總要學(xué)著去克服。Derivations:

confrontationn.afightorargument

confrontationaladj.Detailedreadingface:Ifyoufaceaproblem,oraproblemfacesyou,youhavetodealwithit.e.g.Thisisoneofthemanyproblemsfacedbyworkingmothers.You’refacedwithaverydifficultchoicethere.Detailedreadinge.g.Thenewsystemwillbeconfrontedwithgreatdifficultiesatthestart.這種新的制度一開始將會(huì)面臨很大困難。Collocation:beconfrontedwith:faceadifficultyorsomethingbadOurair-conditionerbrokedownonthehottestdayofthisyear.我們的空調(diào)在今年最熱的那天壞了。breakdown1)tobeunabletocontrolyourfeelingsandtostarttocrye.g.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)不禁痛哭起來。e.g.Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.電話系統(tǒng)失靈了。2)Ifamachineorvehiclebreaksdown,itstopsworking.Detailedreadinge.g.breakdown3)togetridofortobanishsomethingout-of-date;ortobreakawaysomethingintheway破除，沖破e.g.Women’ssportsarebreakingdownthebarriersinpreviouslymale-dominateddomains.女子體育運(yùn)動(dòng)正在打破障礙進(jìn)入一些目前由男子占主動(dòng)地位的領(lǐng)域。Detailedreading華為會(huì)采取一系列措施沖破美國設(shè)下的重重障礙。HuaweiwilltakeaseriesofmeasurestobreakdownthebarriersbytheUnitedStates.affectvt.

tohaveaninfluenceonsomeoneorsomething,ortocausethemtochangee.g.Bothbuildingswerebadlyaffectedbythefire.Thedivorceaffectedeveryaspectofherlife.Comparison:affect:Itusuallyreferstosomethingproducesnegativeeffectonsomebody.DetailedreadingSynonym:influenceaffect,influenceDetailedreadinginfluence:Itusuallyreferstotheimperceptibleeffectonone’spersonality,thoughtorbehavior,sometimesitalsoreferstotheeffectproducedbythenaturalpower.e.g.Don’tletmeinfluenceyourdecision.不要讓我影響你的決定。e.g.Theclimateaffectedhishealth.氣候影響了他的健康。Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.這個(gè)悲慘的消息使他非常難過。Derivations:affectionn.affectiveadj.DetailedreadingIblewitoff.Paraphrase:Ididn’ttakeitseriously.Detailedreading3.WhenIgothomethingsstartedtomakesense.Irantomyroomandcried.Davidwasonly17;hecouldn’tdie.ThenIfeltsobadthatwehadgrownsofarapart.IcalledDavid,askinghimtocomeoversowecouldtalk.WhenhecameoverIsawaseriousnessinhimthatIhadneverseenbefore.Helookedsoold,toooldforhisage.Iaskedhowithadhappened.Davidhadhadunprotectedsexonceandnowhadtopaywithhislife.Iwassoangry.Ihaveneverfeltsopowerlessinmywholelife.Whenthingshadgonewrongbeforethis,Icouldalwaysrelyonmyparentstomakethingsbetter.Therewasnothingthattheycoulddothistime.Ithattohandleitallonmyown.

Detailedreadingmakesensetobereasonableorlogicalorcomprehensiblee.g.Doesitmakesensetoletchildrenplaywithmatches?讓小孩玩火柴有意義嗎？Hisargumentdoesnotmakesense.他的論據(jù)說不通。Detailedreadinghandlevt.todealwith,haveresponsibilityfor,orbeinchargeofe.g.He’snotaverygoodteacher—hedoesn’tknowhowtohandlechildren.他不是一個(gè)好的老師——

他不懂得如何對(duì)待孩子。Anofficermustknowhowtohandlehismen.當(dāng)軍官的應(yīng)懂得怎樣統(tǒng)率士兵。DetailedreadingSynonyms:copewith,dealwithIthoughthehandledthesituationverywell.我認(rèn)為他把情況處理得很好。Whenthingshadgonewrongbeforethis,Icouldalwaysrelyonmyparentstomadethingsbetter.Therewasnothingthattheycoulddothistime.Ihadtohandleitallonmyown.Translation:在這之前，若事情出了差錯(cuò)，我總是可以向父母求助，使事情轉(zhuǎn)危為安。這一次他們也無能為力，我不得不自己來處理應(yīng)對(duì)一切。Detailedreading4.DavidandIbecameverycloseagain,anditseemedthatIwastheonlyonethereforhim.Davidmadethedecisiontotellpeopleabouthisdisease.Therewasnouseinhidingit;soonerorlaterpeoplewouldfindout.Peoplelookedathimasifhehadaplague,andourfriendsfromschoolwantednothingtodowithhim.Soonafterthattheywantednothingtodowithme.AllofasuddenIfeltthatIhadthedisease.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.MywholelifewaschangingsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepup.DetailedreadingOnceagainIwasgrowingupandrealizedthatourfriendshipmeanteverythingtome.Also,Icouldn’tturnmybackonhimwhenheneededmethemost.SoIstuckitoutandlostmostofmyfriends.Theonesthatstilltalkedwithmedidn’tcometoocloseinfearthattheywouldcatchthedisease.Thethingwas,Ididn’tevenhaveAIDS,sowhydidmyfriendstreatmelikethis?Iwasbeingtreatedthiswaybecauseteenagersarenotusedtodealingwithsituationslikethis,anddon’tknowhowtoreact.SohowcouldIblamethemsinceIwouldhavedonethesamething?Detailedreadingsooner

orlater

oneday;eventually(whetherimmediatelyorinthefuture)e.g.Theywillmaketroublesoonerorlater.他們遲早會(huì)惹麻煩。DetailedreadingSynonym:oneday;eventually你應(yīng)該告訴她，因?yàn)樗t早會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。Youshouldtellher,becauseshe’llfinditoutsoonerorlater.keepup

tobeabletounderstandordealwithsomethingthatishappeningorchangingveryfaste.g.Ireadthepaperstokeepupwithwhat’shappeningintheoutsideworld.Ithinkit’sdifficulttokeepupwiththerecentdevelopment.DetailedreadingSynonym:followDetailedreading2)tochangeyourideas,opinionsorwayoflivingorworkingtomakethemmoderne.g.Idon’treallylikeworkingonacomputer,butIhavetokeepupwiththetimes,Isuppose.Collocation:keepupwith1)Ifsomeoneorsomethingkeepsupwithsomeoneorsomethingelse,theydowhateverisnecessarytostaylevelorequalwiththatpersonorthing.e.g.Hestartedtowalkfasterandthechildrenhadtoruntokeepupwithhim.Wagesarefailingtokeepupwithinflation.turnone’sbackonrefusetobeinvolvedwith置之不理，拋棄e.g.Heturnedhisbackonhisrelatives,thoughhewasamillionaire.Detailedreading他對(duì)我很好，我不能丟下他。Heisverykindtome.Icannotturnmybackonhim.stickitouttocontinuetotheendofadifficultorunpleasantsituatione.g.Hehatesthejobbuthe’sdeterminedtostickitoutbecauseheneedsthemoney.他討厭那工作——但因?yàn)樾枰X，只好橫下心來干下去。Iknowthingsaredifficultatthemoment,butifwejuststickitout,I’msureeverythingwillbeOKintheend.Detailedreadingblamevt.tosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingdidsomethingwrongorisresponsibleforsomethingbadhappeninge.g.Thedriverwasnottoblamefortheaccident.這次事故不能怪司機(jī)。Synonyms:condemn,accuse,findfaultwithDetailedreadingCollocations:blamesb.forsth./doingsth.:findfaultwith;censure指責(zé)blamesth.onsb.:placeresponsibilityforsth.把……歸咎于……DetailedreadingTranslation:許多孩子害怕講英語時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而受責(zé)備。警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。1.2.ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack’scarelessdriving.Therewasnouseinhidingit;soonerorlaterpeoplewouldfindout.Translation:隱瞞病情沒有用，人們遲早會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真相的。DetailedreadingAlso,Icouldnotturnmybackonhimwhenheneededmethemost.Paraphrase:Whenheneedsmyhelp,Icouldnotjustleavehimalone.Translation:而且，在他最需要我的時(shí)候我不能不管他。Detailedreading5.Astimewenton,Davidbecameveryill.TherewasnothingthatIcoulddobutwatchhimdie.Davidfoundoutthathehadfull-blownAIDS.Thistomemeantdeathwassuretocomeandalltooquickly.Iwasn’treadytolethimdie,notyetanyway.ThereweresomanythingsthatIwantedtodoandsay,butcouldn’tfindthewords.Iwenttodoctorafterdoctorwithhim,andsawhimgo

throughsomuch.EveryonesaidthatImustkeepapositiveattitudefor

his

sake,becauseattitudemeanseverything.So,intimesofstressIwastheonethathadtokeepthingstogether.Ipushedallmyemotionsasideandwasstrongforhim.Detailedreadinggothroughtoexperienceadifficultorunpleasantsituatione.g.He’samazinglycheerfulconsideringallthathe’sgonethrough.鑒于他經(jīng)歷過的種種遭遇，他的樂天達(dá)觀令人驚嘆。Howcanshekeepsmilingafterwhatshe’sgonethrough?她在經(jīng)歷了這一切之后怎么還能保持滿臉笑容？DetailedreadingThecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.這個(gè)國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。forone’ssake/forthesakeofinordertohelporbringadvantagetosomeonee.g.Don’tinconvenienceyourselfformysake.請(qǐng)不必為我麻煩。Pleasedoit,forDavid’ssake.Theirparentsonlystayedtogetherforthesakeofthechildren.Detailedreadingstressn.

1)greatworrycausedbyadifficultsituation,orsomethingwhichcausesthisconditione.g.Peopleunderalotofstressmayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.Ican’tbearthestressesandstrainsofmodernlife.我不能忍受現(xiàn)代生活的壓力和緊張。e.g.Duringhisspeech,helaidparticularstressonthefreedomofthepress.在他的發(fā)言中他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了新聞媒體的自由.Synonyms:strain,pressure,tension,emphasis2)emphasisDetailedreading6.Mymomhadhadatripplannedforthewholefamilyforsometimenow,andstillwantedtogo.Shethoughtthatthetripwoulddomegood;shesaidthatIwasnottheonethatwasdying.Icouldn’tbelievethatshesaidthattome,buttomakeherhappyIwent.Weweregoneforabouttwoweeks,andwhenIcamebackthefirstthingIdidwasgotoseeDavid.ThatwaswhenIsawAIDSforthefirsttime.Ididn’tevenrecognizehim.Davidhadlostweight,hadpurplelesionsalloverhisbody,andwasverypale.Hecouldn’tevengetupwhenhesawme.Hewasbedridden.Istillhadtobethestrongoneandkeepeverythingin.Ihadbroughthimstufffromtheocean,hisfavoriteplace.Wetalkedaboutmytripandanythingelsewecouldthinkof.Thenhefellasleepbecausehecouldnolongerstayawakeforlongperiodsoftime.Detailedreadingdosb.goodtobenefitsb.e.g.Exercisewilldoyougood.運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)你會(huì)有好處的。Eatmorefruit—itwilldoyougood.多吃水果，這對(duì)你有好處。Aweek’svacationwilldoyoualotofgood.休假一周對(duì)你有很多益處。DetailedreadingDetailedreadinge.g.Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.吸煙對(duì)你的身體有害。Beingexposedtosunlightformuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.Antonym:doharmtosb.:tobeharmfultosb.bedriddenadj.confinedtobed(byillness)e.g.IhavetostaywhereIam.FromnowonI’mbedridden.I’munderdoctor’sorders.我要留在這里，從現(xiàn)在開始我要遵循醫(yī)囑臥床休息。Detailedreadingkeepsth.intoconcealorhideanemotion;torestrainsth.e.g.Hecouldscarcelykeephisindignationin.他憤怒得難以自持。Detailedreading聽到自己已經(jīng)被大學(xué)錄取這個(gè)消息，她幾乎沒有辦法隱藏自己的興奮之情。Hearingthenewsthatshehadbeenadmittedbytheuniversity,shecouldhardlykeepherexcitementin.7.OnthesecondofMay1996,Davidwasputinhospital.Thisgavehimthefeelingthattherewasnomorehopeleft,andthathewasgoingtodie.Istillhadtomaintainmypositiveoutlookforhim.Heneededthatinme.Onedayhelookedatmeandsaid,“Faye,Iamdying;let’sacceptthatanddealwithit.IknowwhatIdidwaswrongandnowIhavetodealwithit.AllIwantyoutodoistorememberme,enjoylifeandbecareful.”Forthefirsttimeinfrontofhim,Icried.Iknewthatitwouldn’tbelongbeforehewasgoneforever.Heshouldn’thavetodealwiththisatsuchayoungage.DetailedreadingTowardstheendofMayhebecamesosickthatthehospitalstaffhadabubblearoundhim,sohewouldn’tcatchourbadgerms.Ihatedtoseehimlikethat,andeverydayitbecameworse.Ihadcometorealizethatanydaynowhewoulddie.AtnightIwouldwonderifhewouldmakeitthrough.Schoolwasovernow,soIspenteveryhourIcouldinthehospital.Hewaseverythingtome.IfeltbadforthetimethatwehadlostandhowIwasn’tevengoingtofightforourfriendship.Detailedreadingmaintainvt.1)tocontinuetohave;tokeepinexistence,ornotallowtobecomelesse.g.Thearmyhasbeenbroughtintomaintainorderintheregion.Mankindhavebeentryingeverymeanstomaintainthebalanceofnature.人類采用一切手段保持生態(tài)平衡。AnnaandMarymaintainedtheirfriendshipformanyyears.Despitelivingindifferentcountries,thetwofamilieshavemaintainedcloselinks.Detailedreadinge.g.Alargehousecostsalottomaintain.Theroadsaroundthetownhavebeenverypoorlymaintained.Frankmaintainshiscarverywell.弗蘭克把自己的車子保養(yǎng)得很好。2)tokeeparoad,machine,building,etc.ingoodconditionDetailedreadinge.g.Mr.Smithmaintainshissonatcollege.史密斯先生供養(yǎng)念大學(xué)的兒子。3)tosupportDetailedreadingDerivation:maintenancen.e.g.HemaintainsthatheoncesawaUFO.他堅(jiān)持稱自己見過飛碟。4)toexpressfirmlyyourbeliefthatsomethingistruedealwith1)totakeactioninordertoachievesomethingorinordertosolveaprobleme.g.Howdoyouintendtodealwiththisproblem?Ithinkweshouldworkoutastrategytodealwiththissituation.我想我們應(yīng)該制訂出一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，來應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況。e.g.Hernewfilmdealswiththerelationshipbetweenawomanandhersickdaughter.Theauthorhastriedtodealwith(=writeabout)averydifficultsubject.2)tobeaboutorbeonthesubjectofsomethingDetailedreading敘述，涉及

Synonyms:copewith,handleDetailedreadinge.g.Themeetingwilldealwiththeseproblems.本次會(huì)議將就這些問題進(jìn)行討論?！璽hehospitalstaffhadabubblearoundhim,Paraphrase:…thehospitalstaffputhimunderalargeclearplastictent.Detailedreading8.ThefifthofJune,1996markedtheendofmybestfriendDavid’slife.Hewentpeacefully.Thatwasacomfortallinitsown.Inaway

Iwasgladthatitwasover,forhewasnolongerinpain.AlltheemotionsthatIhadheldincamerushingoutasIrealizedthatIwouldneverseeDavidagain.HismothersaidthatIhadkepthimalive

andthatshewasgratefulthatIwasherson’slastfriend.Ithasn’tbeenayearyet,butIhavedonesomuchsincethenthatIamnolongerthatcarefreeteenager.InoweducatepeopleaboutAIDS,whichtomeiskeepingDavid’smemoryalive.EventhoughDavidisgone,heisstillwithmeandalwayswillbeinmindandspirit.Detailedreadinginawaytoacertainextent,butnotentirely;inasensee.g.Thearticleiswellwritteninaway