福建省南平市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

南平市2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題(考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.HowdoesthemanplantogotoTexas?A.Byair.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.2.Whatistheman’sdrivingspeednow?A.80mph.B.60mph.C.20mph.3.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Adoctor.B.Herhusband.C.Ateacher.4.WhatisLilygoingtodoonSunday?A.Seeamovie.B.Attendameeting.C.Visitherfamily.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacinema.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abirthdayplan.B.Anoutdoorsport.C.Aweekendactivity.7.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotoday?A.Seeafilm.B.Playtennis.C.Takeanartlesson.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第8至10題。8.Whowillsurelygototheparty?A.JeromeandAnna.B.JamieandMichelle.C.JulietandJamie.9.Whenwillthewomanprobablygetthere?A.At5:50.B.At6:45.C.At7:15.10.Whatwillthewomanbringtotheparty?A.Pizza.B.Dessert.C.Wine.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Familymembers.C.Teacherandstudent.12.Whatistheman’sreportabout?A.Howtomakehoney.B.Howtomakechocolate.C.Howtomakecheese.13.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Gotothelibrary.B.SearchtheInternet.C.Doaninterview.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthespeakersdoonthefirstday?A.Theywentswimming.B.Theywentclimbing.C.Theywentfishing.15.Howdidthewomanfeelbeforecamping?A.Curious.B.Uncertain.C.Excited.16.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantotakenexttime?A.Enoughfood.B.Warmclothes.C.Somemedicine.17.Whichactivitydidthemanlikebest?A.Singingaroundthefire.B.Swimminginthelake.C.Walkinginthecountry.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至20題。18.WherewasYo-YoMaborn?A.InBeijing.B.InParis.C.InNewYork.19.WhendidYo-YoMagivehisfirstshowontelevision?A.Atagefive.B.Atageseven.C.Atageeight.20.WhatdoweknowaboutYo-YoMa?A.HeworkedattheJuilliardSchool.B.HewonfifteenGrammyAwards.C.Hecanplayvarioustypesofmusic.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFirstsite,anartsgallery(藝術(shù)館)inColchester,opensallyearforfreewithavarietyofpaintings,films,learningactivitiesandevents,alongsideacafeandashop!Here’ssomeinformationtohelpyouplanyourvisit.OpeningtimesMonday:ClosedTuesday-Wednesday:10a.m.-5p.m.Thursday-Saturday:10a.m.-10p.m.Sunday:10a.m.-5p.m.WheretofindusFirstsite,LewisGardens,HighStreet,Colchester,Essex,CO11JHGettinghereBybikeYoucanrideyourbikestoFirstsite.ToviewtheColchestercyclemapandfindoutmoreinformationaboutcyclinginColchester,visitwww.cyclecolchester.co.uk/cycle-network/BybusQueenStreetStopJc,justbytheCurzonCinema,isournearestbusstop.Thisisservedbybusroutes64,64Aand65.Firstsiteisjusta10-minutewalkfromColchester’sbusstationonOsborneStreet.Forbustimes,checkwww.arrivabus.co.uk/herts-and-essexorphone01206877620.BytrainJourneytimefromLondonLiverpoolStreettoColchesterisabout50minuteswithtrainsrunningeveryhour.TofindoutaboutlivetraintimestoandfromthisstationalongwithspecificdirectionsfromthestationtoFirstsite,visitorcall01206713700.●EnjoyingartChattingisencouragedatFirstsite—it’sOKtotalkandmakesomenoise!Wealsowelcomephotoswithnoflashinthegallery.Relaxinourcolourfulcafrwithoutdoorseatingandfindbeautifulproductsinourshop.Therearealsono“rightanswers”inart—youdon’thaveto“getit”toenjoyit;justcomein,takeitinandexploreyourreactions.1.WhichdaywouldyouchooseifvisitingFirstsiteat6p.m.A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Friday. D.Sunday.2.WhatcanvisitorsdotolearnmoreaboutwaystoFirstsite?A.Callthelocalstation. B.Viewthebusmap.C.Visitthegivenwebsites. D.Checkthetrainschedule.3.WhatisencouragedduringthevisittoFirstsite?A.Communicatingwithothers B.Takingphotoswithflash.C.Sharingbeautifulproducts. D.Lookingforrightanswersinart.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了科爾切斯特的藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊Firstsite全年免費(fèi)開(kāi)放的有關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Openingtimes下列“Thursday-Saturday:10a.m.-10p.m.(星期四至星期六：上午10時(shí)至晚上10時(shí)。)”并結(jié)合其他開(kāi)放時(shí)間及選項(xiàng)可知，如果下午6點(diǎn)去Firstsite，你應(yīng)該選擇星期五。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gettinghere下列Bybike中“ToviewtheColchestercyclemapandfindoutmoreinformationaboutcyclinginColchester,visitwww.cyclecolchester.co.uk/cycle-network/(要查看科爾切斯特自行車(chē)地圖并找到更多關(guān)于在科爾切斯特騎自行車(chē)的信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)www.cyclecolchester.co.uk/cycle-network/)”以及Bybus和Bytrain中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)者可以通過(guò)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)給定的網(wǎng)站來(lái)了解更多關(guān)于訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Firstsite的方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Enjoyingart中“ChattingisencouragedatFirstsite—it’sOKtotalkandmakesomenoise!(Firstsite鼓勵(lì)聊天——說(shuō)話(huà)和制造一些噪音是可以的！)”可知，在參觀Firstsite期間鼓勵(lì)與人交流。故選A項(xiàng)。BNotlongagowhenIhadadinnerparty,aguestnoticedthegravyboat(船形醬汁壺)—apieceofchina,“Isitaheirloom(傳家寶)?”Theboatisveryold,matchesnothingelse,andhasaV-shapedcutonit.ButitistheoneIwillkeepforever.OurhistorytogetherbeganfiftyyearsagowhenIwasseven.ThatDecembertheriverstartedtorise.Weworkedhardagainstthedisasterandevenkeptarowboatdownstairs.Mymothercarefullypackedthechinainthestudyupstairsbecauseit’dbeenhermother’sandwasvaluabletoher.Shetoldme,“Youmusttreasurethethingspeopleyoulovehavetreasured.Itkeepsyouintouchwiththem.”ButthenIdidn’treallyunderstandherconcern.Thewaterrosehigher.Onenight,thefloorofthestudyfellthroughandthechinawasonthefirstfloorundertherisingriver.Thelossreallybrokeherheart.Thatnightshesatonthetopofthestairsandcried.ThenextmorningIcouldtellhowbadshestillfelt.SuddenlyIsawtherowboat—yes,Icouldfishforthechina.Iputahook(鉤)ontoaline,letitdownuntilIfeltithitbottomandslowlymovedtherowboatbackandforth,pullingmyline,buttimeaftertimeIpulledthelineupempty.Whenwehadtoleaveasthewaterpouredin,Itriedforthelasttime.SuddenlyIfeltsomethingandraisedmycatch.Thegravyboat!ThemomentItookitoutinfrontofmymother,shewasintearsofjoy.ItwasjustthenthatIrealizedhowdeeplythatoldgravyboatconnectedmetothepeopleandplacesofmypast,tyingmetomymotheraswellasherlife,herjoyandherlove.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegravyboat?A.Itisfiftyyearsold. B.Itmeansmuchto“my”family.C.Itisoldbutperfect. D.Itmatchesthefurniturewell.5.Whatmadetheauthor’smothercrythatnight?A.Painoftheinjury. B.Riseoftheriver.C.Damageofthestudy. D.Lossofthetreasure.6Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribe“I”?A.Caring. B.Honest. C.Confident. D.Responsible.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthetext?A.Staycalminfaceofadisaster.B.“Heirlooms”connectgenerations.C.Sufferingimprovestheparent-childtie.D.Mother’slovepromotesherchild’sgrowth.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候經(jīng)歷的一場(chǎng)洪災(zāi)，作者從洪水中打撈了一只媽媽非常珍惜的母親傳給她的瓷器，這個(gè)瓷器成為聯(lián)系她們幾代人的“傳家寶”?！?題詳解】邏輯推理題。通讀全文，根據(jù)最后一段“ItwasjustthenthatIrealizedhowdeeplythatoldgravyboatconnectedmetothepeopleandplacesofmypast,tyingmetomymotheraswellasherlife,herjoyandherlove.(就在那時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到那只舊的船形肉鹵盤(pán)是多么深刻地把我和過(guò)去的人和地方聯(lián)系在一起，把我和母親以及她的生活、她的快樂(lè)和她的愛(ài)聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，船形鹵肉盤(pán)對(duì)“我的”家人意義重大。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mymothercarefullypackedthechinainthestudyupstairsbecauseit’dbeenhermother’sandwasvaluabletoher.(我母親小心翼翼地把瓷器放在樓上的書(shū)房里，因?yàn)槟鞘撬赣H傳給她的，對(duì)她很有價(jià)值。)”和第三段中“Onenight,thefloorofthestudyfellthroughandthechinawasonthefirstfloorundertherisingriver.Thelossreallybrokeherheart.Thatnightshesatonthetopofthestairsandcried.(一天晚上，書(shū)房的地板塌了，瓷器掉在一樓，被河水淹沒(méi)了。那次損失使她非常傷心。那天晚上，她坐在樓梯頂上哭了起來(lái)。)”可知，因?yàn)槭ツ赣H所珍惜的東西，所以她那天晚上哭了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whenwehadtoleaveasthewaterpouredin,Itriedforthelasttime.SuddenlyIfeltsomethingandraisedmycatch.Thegravyboat!ThemomentItookitoutinfrontofmymother,shewasintearsofjoy.(當(dāng)水涌進(jìn)來(lái)，我們不得不離開(kāi)時(shí)，我試了最后一次。突然，我感覺(jué)到了什么，提起了我的手。鹵肉船！當(dāng)我把它拿出來(lái)放在媽媽面前的那一刻，她喜極而泣。)”可知，作者知道那些瓷器對(duì)媽媽來(lái)說(shuō)是非常珍貴的，所以盡力從水中打撈，從而推知，作者是善解人意的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mymothercarefullypackedthechinainthestudyupstairsbecauseit’dbeenhermother’sandwasvaluabletoher.Shetoldme,‘Youmusttreasurethethingspeopleyoulovehavetreasured.Itkeepsyouintouchwiththem.’(我母親小心翼翼地把瓷器放在樓上的書(shū)房里，因?yàn)槟鞘撬赣H的，對(duì)她很有價(jià)值。她告訴我：‘你必須珍惜你愛(ài)的人所珍惜的東西。這能讓你和他們保持聯(lián)系?！?”以及最后一段“ItwasjustthenthatIrealizedhowdeeplythatoldgravyboatconnectedmetothepeopleandplacesofmypast,tyingmetomymotheraswellasherlife,herjoyandherlove.(就在那時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到那只舊的船形肉鹵盤(pán)是多么深刻地把我和過(guò)去的人和地方聯(lián)系在一起，把我和母親以及她的生活、她的快樂(lè)和她的愛(ài)聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，作者要表達(dá)的是“傳家寶”聯(lián)系了幾代人。故選B項(xiàng)。CDifferentpeopleenjoydifferentamounts(數(shù)量)ofhumancontact.Whilesomeadoremakinglotsoffriends,otherspreferplentyoftimeontheirown.However,istheresuchathingastoomuchtimealone?Andhowdoesisolation(孤獨(dú))affecthumans?InApril,aSpanishathletenamedBeatrizFlaminicameoutofacavewhereshehadspent500daysaspartofastudyonsocialisolation.Duringhertime70metresunderground,Flaminihadnohumancontactatall.However,shedidrecordvideosofherselfandwasmonitoredcontinuallybyscientists.Doctorsmeasuringtheeffectsofisolationarebuildingupapictureofhowitcanchangethewaypeopleexperiencethepassingoftime,andhowitaffectsthebody’snaturalclock.Flaminifirstenteredthecaveon20November2021,butshelosttrackoftime65dayslater.Duringhertimeunderground,shesometimesexperiencedauditoryhallucinations,whichmeansthatshewashearingnoisesthatweren’tthere.Theisolationaffectedherbalancewhenshecameoutofthecave,andshealsohadtogetusedtobeinginsunlight.Isolationstudiesareimportantforplanningforlong-lastingspacetasks.Althoughastronauts(宇航員)oftenworkwithothermembers,theteamsaresmallandtheirlivingquartersaresmall,too.Forexample,theastronautKjellLindgrenspent141daysonboardtheInternationalSpaceStationwithnevermorethanfiveteammatesforcompany.Thissummer,fourvolunteerswillstartayearoflivinginsideabigbox,aspartofNASA’sCrewHealthandPerformanceExplorationAnalog.TheaimofthisexperimentistofindouthowastronautswillmanageextremeisolationandstayhealthywhilelivingonMars.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adore”inParagraph1mean?A.Avoid. B.Allow. C.Love. D.Stop.9.WhatdidBeatrizFlaminidounderground?A.Shewatchedvideoseveryday. B.Shestayedaloneforoverayear.C.Sheexploredthecave’ssecrets. D.Shetalkedwithscientistssometimes.10.WhatdidBeatrizFlaminisufferinthestudy?A.Disorderofbodyclock. B.Pooreyesight.C.Completelossofbalance. D.Suddendeafness.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ExtremeIsolation B.PowerofHumanContactC.UndergroundExperiences D.Astronauts’HealthExperiments【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)極端隔離實(shí)驗(yàn)，目的是找出宇航員在太空生活時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)極端隔離并保持健康的方法?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線(xiàn)詞句前文“Differentpeopleenjoydifferentamounts(數(shù)量)ofhumancontact.(不同的人喜歡不同數(shù)量的人際接觸。)”說(shuō)明不同的人喜歡不同數(shù)量的人際交往，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€(xiàn)詞句“Whilesomeadoremakinglotsoffriends,otherspreferplentyoftimeontheirown.(有些人adore交很多朋友，而另一些人則喜歡有足夠的獨(dú)處時(shí)間。)”其中劃線(xiàn)詞匯意思是“喜歡”。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“InApril,aSpanishathletenamedBeatrizFlaminicameoutofacavewhereshehadspent500daysaspartofastudyonsocialisolation.Duringhertime70metresunderground,Flaminihadnohumancontactatall.(今年4月，西班牙運(yùn)動(dòng)員BeatrizFlamini走出了一個(gè)洞穴，她在那里度過(guò)了500天，這是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于社會(huì)隔離的研究的一部分。在地下70米的時(shí)間里，F(xiàn)lamini完全沒(méi)有與人接觸。)”可知，BeatrizFlamini在地下一個(gè)人呆了一年多。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Flaminifirstenteredthecaveon20November2021,butshelosttrackoftime65dayslater.(Flamini于2021年11月20日首次進(jìn)入洞穴，但65天后她就失去了時(shí)間概念。)”可知，BeatrizFlamini在研究中遭受了生物鐘紊亂。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Andhowdoesisolation(孤獨(dú))affecthumans?(隔離是如何影響人類(lèi)的？)”和最后一段中“TheaimofthisexperimentistofindouthowastronautswillmanageextremeisolationandstayhealthywhilelivingonMars.(這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是找出宇航員在火星上生活時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)極端隔離并保持健康的方法。)”可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)極端隔離實(shí)驗(yàn)，目的是找出宇航員在太空生活時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)極端隔離并保持健康的方法。A“極端隔離”符合主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DInmanyadults,learningandthinkingbegintodecline(衰退)asearlyasage30andbecomeworseintheirmid-60s,whichisshownintestsofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilities.Thesechangesareoftenconsideredastheresultofnormalaging.Buttheymayinsteadshowsomethingmorelikethe“summerslide”thatsomeschoolchildrenexperienceinstudyprocessduringsummerbreak.Afterformaleducationandjobtrainingend,manyadultsexperienceyearsofreducedchancesoflearning.However,athree-monthstudyRachelWuandherpartnersdesignedsuggeststhatthisdeclinecanbeaddressed.Inthisstudy,theyprovidedanencouraginglearningenvironmentfor24olderadultsbetween58and86yearsofage.Beforeandafter,theytestedthecognitiveabilities.Theolderadultssignedupforatleastthreeclassesthatmetweeklytolearnnewskills,suchasdrawing,iPadusingandSpanish-languagelearning.Duringthisperiod,theadults’cognitivescoresformemoryimprovedgreatly,andtheircognitiveabilitiesafteroneyearweresimilartothoseofadults50yearsyounger.Theteamisstillinvestigatingwhytheircognitivescorescontinuedtoclimbaftertheprogram’send,butonepossibilityisthattheexperienceencouragedtheseadultstocontinuelearningandpracticenewskills.Tobeclear,theresearchersdonotthinkthatformaleducationistheonlyormostimportantwaytosupportlearning.Theirideaistoinsteadcreateencouragingenvironmentsforolderadults,sotheycanincreasebothreal-worldskillsandcognitiveabilitiesoverthelongterm.“Useitorloseit,”thesayinggoes.Let’schangetheconversationaboutadultsfromavoidinglossanddecline,orkeepingwhatpeoplehave,tolearningandgrowing.12.Whatleadstothedeclineincognitiveabilities?A.Age-relateddiseases. B.Slowerprocessingspeed.C.Toomanyholidaybreaks. D.Fewerlearningexperiences.13.HowdidRachelWuandherpartnersconducttheirresearch?A.Bydoingsurveys. B.Byarranginginterviews.C.Bysearchingdocuments. D.Bymakingcomparisons.14.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Learningcontributestophysicalimprovement.B.Takingclassesiskeytocognitivedevelopment.C.Positivelearningenvironmentsshouldbecreated.D.Olderadultsneedtopracticetheirlanguageskills.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardthestudy?A.Unclear. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Worried.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡述一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，RachelWu和她的合作伙伴設(shè)計(jì)的一項(xiàng)為期三個(gè)月的研究表明，成年人學(xué)習(xí)能力和思維能力的下降是可以通過(guò)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)新技能得以解決。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesechangesareoftenconsideredastheresultofnormalaging.Buttheymayinsteadshowsomethingmorelikethe“summerslide”thatsomeschoolchildrenexperienceinstudyprocessduringsummerbreak.Afterformaleducationandjobtrainingend,manyadultsexperienceyearsofreducedchancesoflearning.(這些變化通常被認(rèn)為是正常老化的結(jié)果。但它們可能更像是一些學(xué)生在暑假學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷的‘夏季滑坡’”。在正規(guī)教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)結(jié)束后，許多成年人經(jīng)歷了多年的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)減少。)”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為正常老化導(dǎo)致了認(rèn)知能力的下降，但是這種下降和學(xué)生在暑假學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷的“夏季滑坡”很相似，許多成年人在正規(guī)教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)結(jié)束后，學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)減少才是導(dǎo)致了認(rèn)知能力的下降的原因。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthisstudy,theyprovidedanencouraginglearningenvironmentfor24olderadultsbetween58and86yearsofage.Beforeandafter,theytestedthecognitiveabilities.Theolderadultssignedupforatleastthreeclassesthatmetweeklytolearnnewskills,suchasdrawing,iPadusingandSpanish-languagelearning.Duringthisperiod,theadults’cognitivescoresformemoryimprovedgreatly,andtheircognitiveabilitiesafteroneyearweresimilartothoseofadults50yearsyounger.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，他們?yōu)?4名年齡在58到86歲之間的老年人提供了一個(gè)令人鼓舞的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。之前和之后，他們測(cè)試了認(rèn)知能力。這些老年人報(bào)名參加了至少三個(gè)每周一次的學(xué)習(xí)班，學(xué)習(xí)新技能，比如畫(huà)畫(huà)、使用iPad和學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)。在此期間，成年人的記憶認(rèn)知得分有了很大的提高，一年后他們的認(rèn)知能力與年輕50歲的成年人相似。)”可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中24名年齡在58到86歲之間的老年人報(bào)名參加了至少三個(gè)每周一次的學(xué)習(xí)班來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)新技能，RachelWu和她的合作伙伴對(duì)老年人學(xué)習(xí)之前和學(xué)習(xí)之后的認(rèn)知能力進(jìn)行測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)這些人的記憶認(rèn)知得分有了很大的提高；由此可知，RachelWu和她的合作伙伴通過(guò)對(duì)老年人學(xué)習(xí)前后的認(rèn)知能力測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比來(lái)開(kāi)展研究。故選D。14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Tobeclear,theresearchersdonotthinkthatformaleducationistheonlyormostimportantwaytosupportlearning.Theirideaistoinsteadcreateencouragingenvironmentsforolderadults,sotheycanincreasebothreal-worldskillsandcognitiveabilitiesoverthelongterm.(需要明確的是，研究人員并不認(rèn)為正規(guī)教育是支持學(xué)習(xí)的唯一或最重要的方式。他們的想法是為老年人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)鼓舞人心的環(huán)境，這樣他們就可以長(zhǎng)期提高現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的技能和認(rèn)知能力。)”可知，正規(guī)教育唯一或最重要的學(xué)習(xí)方式，應(yīng)該為老年人創(chuàng)造鼓勵(lì)他們學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境，才能長(zhǎng)期提高現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的技能和認(rèn)知能力；由此可知，應(yīng)該為老年人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)積極的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theteamisstillinvestigatingwhytheircognitivescorescontinuedtoclimbaftertheprogram’send,butonepossibilityisthattheexperienceencouragedtheseadultstocontinuelearningandpracticenewskills.

(該團(tuán)隊(duì)仍在調(diào)查為什么他們的認(rèn)知分?jǐn)?shù)在項(xiàng)目結(jié)束后繼續(xù)攀升，但一種可能性是，這一經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)了這些成年人繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)新技能。)”以及最后一段““Useitorloseit,”thesayinggoes.Let’schangetheconversationaboutadultsfromavoidinglossanddecline,orkeepingwhatpeoplehave,tolearningandgrowing.(俗話(huà)說(shuō)：“用進(jìn)廢退。”讓我們把關(guān)于成年人的話(huà)題從避免失去和衰退，或者保持人們所擁有的，轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)W習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究鼓勵(lì)了這些成年人繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)新技能，成年人應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)，而不是避免失去和衰退，或者保持現(xiàn)狀；由此可知，作者對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究是持支持態(tài)度的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Healthyfriendshipscanprotectagainstanxietyandincreasehappiness.Whilemanypeoplebelieveit’sthenumberoffriendsthatmatters,researchshowsthatqualityismoreimportant—andhavingevenasmallgroupofclosefriendsisastrongersignofhappinessthanhavinglotsofgeneralconnections.____16____●Continuouslyspendtime.____17____Researchsuggeststhatittakesabout90hourstobecomeregularfriendsandmorethan200hourstoformabestfriendship.Ifyoufindyouhaven’tputmuchtimeandeffortintoyourfriendships,addasectionforconnectiontoyourdailyto-dolist.●Getvulnerable(脆弱的).Anotherkeyisallowingyourselftobevulnerable.Startbysharingsmallopinions,likewhatyouthinkaboutyourbookclub’slatestchoice.____18____Beingvulnerableshowsthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthem,whichbringspeopleclosertogether.●Mixinseveralcreativity.Itmightbetimetoputnewenergyintoyourmostfamiliar(熟悉的)friendships.Thatgoesforbothconversationsandactivities.____19____Andthinkaboutnewadventuresyoucancarryontogether,liketravelingtoanewdestinationorjoiningafootballteam.●____20____Everyfriendshipwillsurelyarriveatkeymoments:thehighsandlowsinlifethatcertainlyaffecthowwefeelaboutourfriendships.Wasyourfriendtherewhenyougotpromotedorbecameseriouslyill?Theanswerdetermineshowmuchwe’llvaluethatfriendship.A.Turntoyourfriends.B.Showupfortheimportantmoments.C.Herearesomeusefulwaystobuildupfriendships.D.Makingtimeforwhomwecareaboutcandeepenfriendships.E.Godeeperbytellingyourfriendswhatyou’renowstrugglingwith.F.Arrangemomentsofconversationwhereyoucandosomethingdifferent.G.Ifyou’reinlowspirits,beopenabouthowyou’refeelinganddealwithit.【答案】16.C17.D18.E19.F20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了建立友誼的有用方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Healthyfriendshipscanprotectagainstanxietyandincreasehappiness.Whilemanypeoplebelieveit’sthenumberoffriendsthatmatters,researchshowsthatqualityismoreimportant—andhavingevenasmallgroupofclosefriendsisastrongersignofhappinessthanhavinglotsofgeneralconnections.(健康的友誼可以防止焦慮，增加幸福感。雖然許多人認(rèn)為朋友的數(shù)量很重要，但研究表明，質(zhì)量更重要——擁有一小群親密的朋友比擁有很多普通的關(guān)系更能表明幸福。)”說(shuō)明健康的友誼對(duì)人生非常重要，選項(xiàng)C“這里有一些建立友誼的有用方法?！背薪由衔模鑫恼轮黝}：介紹建立友誼的有用方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Researchsuggeststhatittakesabout90hourstobecomeregularfriendsandmorethan200hourstoformabestfriendship.Ifyoufindyouhaven’tputmuchtimeandeffortintoyourfriendships,addasectionforconnectiontoyourdailyto-dolist.(研究表明，成為普通朋友大約需要90個(gè)小時(shí)，而形成最好的友誼則需要200多個(gè)小時(shí)。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你沒(méi)有在友誼上投入太多的時(shí)間和精力，那就在你的日常待辦事項(xiàng)清單上增加一個(gè)聯(lián)系的部分。)”說(shuō)明要想加深友誼，必須投入更多的時(shí)間和精力，選項(xiàng)D“為我們關(guān)心的人騰出時(shí)間可以加深友誼。”引領(lǐng)下文，建議投入更多的時(shí)間加深友誼。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Anotherkeyisallowingyourselftobevulnerable.(另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵是允許自己脆弱。)”和下文“Beingvulnerableshowsthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthem,whichbringspeopleclosertogether.(脆弱表明你喜歡你的朋友并信任他們，這會(huì)讓人們走得更近。)”說(shuō)明在友誼中，需要表現(xiàn)脆弱，告訴朋友自己的困難，希望得到幫助，選項(xiàng)E“更深入地告訴你的朋友你現(xiàn)在正在掙扎什么。”承上啟下，建議告訴朋友自己的困難所在。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Itmightbetimetoputnewenergyintoyourmostfamiliar(熟悉的)friendships.Thatgoesforbothconversationsandactivities.(也許是時(shí)候給你最熟悉的友誼注入新的活力了。這適用于對(duì)話(huà)和活動(dòng)。)”說(shuō)明應(yīng)該在對(duì)話(huà)和活動(dòng)方面給友誼注入新的活力，選項(xiàng)F“安排談話(huà)時(shí)間，做些不同的事情?！背薪由衔模ㄗh注入新活力的具體做法，安排新對(duì)話(huà)，做新的事情。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】下文“Everyfriendshipwillsurelyarriveatkeymoments:thehighsandlowsinlifethatcertainlyaffecthowwefeelaboutourfriendships.(每一段友誼肯定會(huì)在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻到來(lái)：生活中的高潮和低谷肯定會(huì)影響我們對(duì)友誼的看法。)”說(shuō)明友誼應(yīng)該在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻到來(lái)，選項(xiàng)B“在重要時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)?！备爬ū径沃黝}，適合做小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwasexcitedtojointheEmpireStateRidea500-milecyclingadventurethatraisesmoneyforcancerresearch.Itwasaweeklong____21____fromNewYorkCitytoNiagaraFalls,andweseta____22____fortheamountofmoneyraised,butthatwasn’tallthatmadethe2021event____23____.Isufferedfromcancerbackthen,andhadto____24____medicinetomanagemypain.Icarriedmypillcase(藥盒)safeinmypocketfor____25____.Groupsofus,alltravellingatdifferentspeeds,often____26____foramealatreststopsalongtheway.Theweatherwas____27____untilFridaywhenitbecamerainyandcold.Afterlunch,Idecidedtotakethe____28____off.IputmybikeontothebustothecampgroundwhereIwas____29____tostayovernight.WhenIemptiedmy____30____tochangeintodryclothes,Irealizedmypillcasewasmissing.I’dhaveto____31____thegreatpainonmyown.WhatshouldIdo?At____32____,someonesatdownnexttome.“Isthisyours?”heasked,____33____mypillcase.“Aguy____34____itatoneofthereststops.HeknewI’drunintoyoubeforehedid.”O(jiān)utof230____35____,theperfecttwohadteamedupforme.Thathadtobesomekindofrecord.21.A.walk B.ride C.visit D.race22.A.date B.goal C.limit D.record23.A.national B.special C.creative D.formal24.A.take B.sell C.study D.produce25.A.company B.pleasure C.businesses D.emergencies26.A.paid B.waited C.stopped D.hoped27.A.wet B.terrible C.perfect D.stormy28.A.afternoon B.evening C.week D.year29.A.forced B.invited C.scheduled D.demanded30.A.bag B.pocket C.camp D.room31.A.hide B.forget C.examine D.survive32.A.breakfast B.lunch C.dinner D.teatime33.A.holdingout B.pickingout C.throwingaway D.puttingaway34.A.made B.found C.reserved D.packed35.A.riders B.guides C.friends D.teams【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.C30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了身患癌癥的作者參加自行車(chē)冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)，結(jié)果途中丟失了自己的藥盒，藥盒里的藥可以緩解作者的痛苦，最后多虧了兩個(gè)騎手發(fā)現(xiàn)并歸還了作者。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是從紐約到尼亞加拉大瀑布的為期一周的騎行，我們創(chuàng)造了籌集資金的記錄，但這并不是2021年活動(dòng)的全部特別之處。A.walk散步；B.ride騎車(chē)；C.visit參觀；D.race比賽。根據(jù)上文“a500-milecycling”此處指騎行，應(yīng)用ride。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是從紐約到尼亞加拉大瀑布的為期一周的騎行，我們創(chuàng)造了籌集資金的記錄，但這并不是2021年活動(dòng)的全部特別之處。A.date日期；B.goal目標(biāo)；C.limit限制；D.record記錄。根據(jù)后文“fortheamountofmoneyraised”指創(chuàng)造了籌集資金的記錄，故選D。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是從紐約到尼亞加拉大瀑布的為期一周的騎行，我們創(chuàng)造了籌集資金的記錄，但這并不是2021年活動(dòng)的全部特別之處。A.national民族的；B.special特別的；C.creative創(chuàng)造性的；D.formal正式的。上文提到創(chuàng)造了籌集資金的記錄，結(jié)合but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明這并不是2021年活動(dòng)的全部特別之處。故選B。24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)我患了癌癥，不得不吃藥來(lái)緩解疼痛。A.take帶走；B.sell出售；C.study學(xué)習(xí)；D.produce產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)后文“medicinetomanagemypain”指吃藥應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞take。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我把藥盒安全地放在口袋里，以備不時(shí)之需。A.company陪伴；B.pleasure快樂(lè)；C.businesses生意；D.emergencies緊急情況。根據(jù)上文“Icarriedmypillcasesafeinmypocketfor”可知，帶著藥盒是為了應(yīng)對(duì)緊急情況。故選D。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一群群人，以不同的速度旅行，經(jīng)常在沿途的休息站停下來(lái)吃飯。A.paid支付；B.waited等待；C.stopped停止；D.hoped希望。根據(jù)后文“foramealatreststops”指在沿途的休息站停下來(lái)吃飯。故選C。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：天氣一直很好，直到星期五開(kāi)始下雨，天氣變冷了。A.wet潮濕的；B.terrible糟糕的；C.perfect完美的；D.stormy風(fēng)暴的。根據(jù)后文“whenitbecamerainyandcold”可知，一開(kāi)始天氣很好，直到星期五開(kāi)始下雨，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：午飯后，我決定休息一個(gè)下午。A.afternoon下午；B.evening晚上；C.week周；D.year年。根據(jù)上文“Afterlunch”可知，吃過(guò)午飯，他們決定休息一個(gè)下午。故選A。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把自行車(chē)放上了去露營(yíng)地的公共汽車(chē)，我計(jì)劃在那里過(guò)夜。A.forced迫使；B.invited邀請(qǐng)；C.scheduled安排；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)后文“tostayovernight”可知，作者把自行車(chē)放上了去露營(yíng)地的公共汽車(chē)，因?yàn)橛?jì)劃在那里過(guò)夜。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我掏空口袋準(zhǔn)備換上干衣服時(shí)，我意識(shí)到我的藥盒不見(jiàn)了。A.bag包；B.pocket口袋；C.camp營(yíng)地；D.room房間。根據(jù)后文“tochangeintodryclothes”此處指掏空口袋準(zhǔn)備換上干衣服，呼應(yīng)上文“Icarriedmypillcasesafeinmypocket”。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我必須獨(dú)自承受巨大的痛苦。A.hide隱藏；B.forget忘記；C.examine檢查；D.survive幸存。上文提到作者的藥盒不見(jiàn)了，藥物可以緩解作者的痛苦，而如今沒(méi)有了藥，作者必須獨(dú)自承受巨大的痛苦。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：吃晚餐時(shí)，有人坐在我旁邊。A.breakfast早餐；B.lunch午餐；C.dinner晚餐；D.teatime下午茶時(shí)間。根據(jù)上文“Afterlunch”可知，午餐之后是晚餐，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：“這是你的嗎？”他拿出我的藥盒問(wèn)。A.holdingout拿出，堅(jiān)持；B.pickingout挑選出；C.throwingaway扔掉；D.puttingaway放好。根據(jù)后文“mypillcase”可知，這人拿出了作者的藥盒。故選A。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)人在一個(gè)休息站發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。A.made制作；B.found找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.reserved預(yù)訂；D.packed打包。根據(jù)后文“itatoneofthereststops”可知，藥盒是在一個(gè)休息站被人發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在230騎手中，最完美的兩名騎手為我合作。A.riders騎手；B.guides向?qū)?；C.friends朋友；D.teams隊(duì)伍。呼應(yīng)上文“IwasexcitedtojointheEmpireStateRide,a500-milecyclingadventurethatraisesmoneyforcancerresearch.(我很興奮地加入了帝國(guó)之旅，這是一項(xiàng)500英里的自行車(chē)冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)，為癌癥研究籌集資金)”指比賽中的230騎手。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分20分)Part1根據(jù)句子漢語(yǔ)提示或括號(hào)中所給詞的正確形式填空，每空一詞。(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)36._________(顯然),exercisewillhelpyoufeelfresherandfitter.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】Obviously【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：顯然，鍛煉能讓你感覺(jué)更清爽、更健康。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)用副詞obviously，作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Obviously。37.Shemadeagood_________(impress)onthemanagerwheninterviewed.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】impression【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：面試時(shí)她給經(jīng)理留下了很好的印象。分析句子可知，空處作made的賓語(yǔ)，impress的名詞形式impression“印象”符合題意，固定短語(yǔ)makeagoodimpressionon表示“給……留下好印象”。故填impression。38.Chineseisoneofthe__________(官方的)languagesinUN.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】official【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：中文是聯(lián)合國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言之一。根據(jù)空后的languages和漢語(yǔ)提示，空處應(yīng)用形容詞official，作定語(yǔ)。故填official。39.Itisstrongly________(recommend)thatthemachineshouldbecheckedeveryyear.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】recommended【解析】【詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和固定句型。句意：強(qiáng)烈建議每年對(duì)機(jī)器進(jìn)行一次檢查。此處為Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中It為形式主語(yǔ)，that從句為真正的主語(yǔ)，It與recommend之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填recommended。40.Thequake___