專題18概要寫作之記敘文-2021年高考英語題型大沖關

高考概要寫作之記敘文高考概要寫作之記敘文知識導圖知識導圖要要點精析（一）概要寫作題型解讀Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle.1、原文材料350詞左右，寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。2、在正確理解文章的基礎上,在不改變原文中心思想的前提下用簡明、精煉的語句高度濃縮文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點3、原文以說明文、議論文、記敘文為主。（二）概要寫作的要點1.簡要性（Conciseness）：Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.2.完整性（pleteness）：Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.3.準確性（Accuracy）：Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.4.連貫性（Coherence）：Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.5.客觀性（Objectivity）：Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.（三）概要寫作的步驟1.Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.快讀原文，明確主題2.Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)劃分各段，找出要點3.Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutminordetails.抓重點，去枝節(jié)4.Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.歸納整理，轉(zhuǎn)述大意5.Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.復讀核對，檢查錯誤（四）記敘文概要寫作技巧記敘文(Narration)：找出時間(when),地點(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),為什么做(why),結(jié)果怎么樣(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要點是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夾敘夾議的文章,還要加上作者的看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗或感悟。

1.敘事性的記敘文(Narration)。

敘事性的記敘文的主要內(nèi)容的概括主要抓住記敘文的幾個要素：時間、地點、人物、事件和影響或后果。

寫人的記敘文（Description）。

寫人的記敘文總結(jié)要點主要抓住人物的主要特點或事跡，劃出關鍵詞（所謂關鍵詞是文中反復出現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)主題或關聯(lián)的詞）。（五）記敘文概要寫作模板記敘文體的閱讀材料，相比其他文體而言，寫概要相對容易。在寫概要前，除明確文章主題外，還應抓住六個要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在這六個要素中，所占內(nèi)容比重最大的是what。一般來說，記敘文的故事概要可以用這樣的模板來表示：記敘文：what/who/when/where/why/howWhodidwhatby…because…當然，不是說每個故事概要都包含how或why，有時兩者選其一即可。（六）記敘文概要寫作樣文展示Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Discoveringalostbrother①KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrothernamedVincent.ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingabouthim,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.②ThatchangedinDecember2017,whenKieron’sadoptiveparentsgavehimanAncestryDNAtestasaChristmasgift.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewasstunnedtofindhehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatitwaslabeled“closefamily.”HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.“Thisisgoingtosoundsowild…butIthinkyou’remybrother,”KieronwroteonFacebook’sMessengerapp.“Iwasgivenupforadoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”③“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?”wroteVincent,now30.④“IthinkitwasTyler.”⑤“OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother.”⑥“Wow,”wroteKieron.⑦“Thisiscrazy,”saidVincent.⑧Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.Moresurprising,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.⑨VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough,andShawn,whoworked15plushoursadayasanurse,decidedthatplacingKieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.⑩“Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime,tothepointwhereitwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened,”Vincentsays.⑾Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.⑿OneofVincent’sconcernswasthatKieronmightresenthisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption.HewasrelievedKierondidn’t,andthathe’dgrownupinalovingfamily.⒀Sincethatfirstmeeting,thebrothershavebondedevenmore.TheyplayfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies.“We’llkeepgrowingourrelationshipuntilit’stimetoleavethisplanet,”saysVincent.Thatshouldn’tbehard.AsKieronsays,“We’vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”【解析指導】1.Mainidea 本文講述了一對分開多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要講Kieron如何通過基因檢測和Facebook找到了他的哥哥Vincent，后半部分講述了他們重聚之后的往來，以及迅速建立感情。2.Textstructure 全文可以劃分為三個部分： ①⑧第一部分：Kieron通過基因檢測和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。 ⑨⑩第二部分：Kieron的媽媽為什么放棄他，讓別人領養(yǎng)他。⑾⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。3.Mindmap4.WritingprocedureStep1：細讀全文，明確主題。本文主要是講述了一對分開多年的兄弟重聚的故事。Step2：劃分要點。記敘文注意是找who/what/when/where/why/howwho：Kieronwhat:foundhisbrotherVincentwhen/why:文中劃線處where:無需強調(diào)how:throughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebookStep3：標主題句或關鍵詞。已在文中用橫線標出每段主題句。Step4：概括。SummarywritingKieron,givenupforadoptionreluctantlybyhismotherwhenhewasababy,foundhisbrotherVincentthroughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebook.Surprisingly,theylivedquiteclosetoeachotherandstudiedthesamesubjectsinthesameuniversity.Aftertheirfirstmeeting,thetwobrothersquicklybondedandwouldenhancetheirrelationshipintheyearstoe.(60words)課堂典例課堂典例SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheVoiceintheBox WhenIwasquiteyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesintheneighborhood.Irememberwellthepolishedwoodencasefastenedtothewallonthelowerstairlanding.Butmyfirstpersonalexperiencewiththisgenieinthereceivercameonedaywhilemymotherwasvisitinganeighbor.Amusingmyselfatthetoolbenchinthebasement,Ihurtmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterrible,buttheredidn’tseemtobemuchusecrying,becausetherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.Iwalkedaroundthehouse,andfinallyarrivedatthestairway.Thetelephone!QuicklyIranforthefootstoolanddraggedittothelanding.Climbingup,Iunhookedthereceiverandheldittomyear.“InformationPlease,”Isaidintothemouthpiecejustabovemyhead.Aclickortwo,andasmall,clearvoicespokeintomyear,“Information.” “Ihurtmyfinger—”Icriedintothephone.Thetearscamereadilyenough,nowthatIhadanaudience. “Isn’tyourmotherhome?”camethequestion. “Nobody’shomebutme,”Isobbed. “Areyoubleeding?” “No,”Ireplied.“Ihititwiththehammerandithurts.” “Canyouopenyouricebox?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Thenbreakoffalittlepieceofice,andholditonyourfinger.Thatwillstopthehurt.Becarefulwhenyouusetheicepick(冰錐),”shesaid.“Anddon’tcry.You’llbeallright.” Afterthat,IcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmygeography,andshetoldmewherePhiladelphiawas,andtheOrinoco,theromanticriverthatIwasgoingtoexplorewhenIgrewup.Shehelpedmewithmyarithmetic,andshetoldmethatmypetchipmunk—Ihadcaughthimintheparkjustthedaybefore—wouldeatfruitandnuts.【寫作指導】這是一篇記敘文，考生需要在文中找到人、時、地、事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等主要信息。讀懂全文，可知作者意在向讀者介紹他小時候使用的軼事，由此可以判斷出這是一篇記敘文。因此，考生需要在文中找到人、時、地、事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等主要信息。參考例文如下所示：【參考范文1】 OnedayIhurtmyfingerwhenaloneathome.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldusethetelephonetocalltheoperator.Shegavemedetailedinstructionsandfortedme.Ilaterturnedtothemagicdeviceforhelpwithalmosteverything.【參考范文2】Theauthortellsusastoryaboutherexperienceofusingthetelephonetoaskforhelp.Oneday,shegotherfingerhurtbuttherewasnooneathometoturnto.Thenthetelephonecaughthereye,andshepickedupthereceiverandtalkedtotheoperator.Luckily,shewastoldhowtodealwiththeinjuredfinger.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowaterskiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激動)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsayawordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.【寫作指導】根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容，這是一篇故事類的記敘文，要求對其進行概要寫作。因此，我們先找出記敘文的六要素：When—twoyearsagoWhere—atriptoabiglakeinIndonesiaWho—“I”,thewriterWhat—gotlost;wasfoundWhy—gowaterskiingalone;toothrilledResult—fathercametoherrescue列出了要點之后，我們就可以用自己的話將要點組織起來，概括成一段約60詞的通順概要：【參考范文】Thepassagetellsusthewriter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwaterskiingalone.Shewassoexcitedandenjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfatherfinallycametoherrescue.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.YesterdayMattwassick.IpickedupArchiefromthesitterandEloisefromschoolanddecidedtoruntoTargetforafewthings.Ihadhopedtobeinandoutquickly.Ifoundalinewithjustonepersonaheadofmeandbeganorganizingmyitemsontheconveyor.Afterplacingmyitems，Ilookeduptoseethatthepersonaheadofmewasanelderlywoman.Shewaspayingforheritemswithchangeandwantedtopurchaseeachseparately.Iwasfrustratedwiththiswomanandtheinconvenienceshehadplacedonme.ButthenIwatchedtheyoungemployeewiththiswoman.Iwatchedhimhelphercountherchange，eversosoftlytakingitfromhershakinghands.Whensheaskedifshehadenoughtobuyareusablebag，hetoldhershedidandwenttwolinesovertogetoneforherandthenrepackagedheritems.Neveroncewasthisemployeeangry.Hewasnothingbutpatientandkind.AsIwaswatchinghim，IsawthatEloisewastoo.Shewasstandingnexttothewoman，watchingtheemployeecountthechange.IrealizedIhadn’tbeeninconveniencedatall.Thatmydaughterwasinsteadwitnessingkindnessandpatienceandbeingtaughtthisvaluablelessonbyapletestranger.Whenthewomanwasfinished，theemployeebeganringingupmyitemsandthankedmeformypatience.Ithenthankedhimforteachinguspatienceandkindnessbyhistreatmentofthatelderlywoman.WhenhewasfinishedIpushedmycartthroughthestoretryingtofindthemanager.Iwantedhertoknowoftheemployee’skindnessandpatienceandhowmuchitmeanttome.Aftertrackingherdownandsharingthestorywithher，weleftTargetwithacartfullofconsumableitems，butwhatismore，aheartfullofgratitudeforsuchaninvaluablelesson.IfyouareeverintheGlendaleTarget，giveIshmaelasmileandanod.Theworldcouldusemorepeoplelikehim.【寫作指導】要寫好記敘文的概要，先要找到以下兩個問題的答案：(1)誰做了什么？(2)結(jié)果如何？如果是夾敘夾議文，還要加上這個故事給人們的啟示或教育意義。就該題而言，本文的概要應該包含：作者購物的時間、地點、結(jié)果以及從本次購物中得到的啟示，最后用自己的語言串聯(lián)起來。【參考范文】Thepassagetellsusanexperienceofshopping.(要點1)Oneday，theauthorwithtwochildrenwenttoTargetforshopping.(要點2)Whilewaitinginline,shefoundanoldladywastroublesome,buttheyoungemployeetreatedherpatiently.(要點3)Seeingthat,theauthorwastouchedbyhiskindnessandpatienceandshethoughtherchildrenwouldlearnalotfromthisexperience.(要點4)實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Lastyearmypanywasbroughtbyalargecorporationandmostofthemanagerslosttheirjobs.ThatwaswhenidecidedtodosomethingI’ dalwayswantedtodobeeafreelancewriter(自由作家）.Changingprofessionshasmeantthatmylifestylehaschangedinanumberofways.IworkaboutasmuchasIdidbeforebetween45and50hoursaweekbutmyscheduleismuchlessfixedthanitusedtobe.Before,Iworkedfrom8amto5pm,everyday,withafewextrahoursonweekends.Now,however,IworkwhenIfeellikeit.Forinstance,sometimesIworkuntilmidnightor2.am,thensleepuntilnoon.Ireallypreferthiskindofschedule.WhileIwasworkingasamanager,Ineverexercised.Ialreadyfelttiredafterwork,soIjustcamehomeintheeveningandwatchedTV.However,lastyearIjoinedahealthclubandbegantodoregularexercise.AsaresultIhavelostover10poundsandIfeelmuchbetter,I’vealsostartedtoeatmorehealthfully.Iusedtoeatalotoffastfood,butnowIdomyownshopping.Ibuylotsoffruitsandvegetablesandcookthemathome.Ofcourse,notallthechangeshavebeenthateasy.Forexample,Idon’tfeelassafefinanciallyasusedto.WhenIwasworkingasamanager.Ineverworriedmuchaboutmoney.Icouldalwayscountongettingmypaycheckeverytwoweeks.Workingfreelance,Idon’thavearegularpaycheck.SonowIhavetomakesurethatthere’senoughmoneyuntilthenextcheckarrives.【參考范文】Aftertheauthorquithispreviousjobandbecameafreelancewriter.Somechangeshislife.Theworkschedulebecamemoreflexible.Hehasalsodonemoreexerciseandatehealthy.Buthemightnotgetregularwages.Hefoundthatthepresentlifestyleissuitableforhim.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Onadamp,boring,stayinthehousekindofday,Iwasa4yearoldartistarmedwithanewtreasure:myownbigboxofcrayons（蠟筆）.Somehow,theusualpaperwasn’tspecialenoughforthese64perfect,sweetsmellingsticksofvividcolor.Ilookedaroundforabiggercanvas（畫布）.Ifonlytherewerehiddenwalls.WallsliketheonesinMomandDad’scloset. Slippingquietlydownthehalltothebedroom,Istoodontiptoetoreachthestringfortheclosetlight.Wordsandimagesfilledmymindfasterthanmyhandscouldmakethem. Abrilliantrainbowwasseenononewall,withacheerygoldensunpeekingoutfromabove.Below,agiantshadetreesupportedaswingforstic