專題5定語從句（教師版）

定語從句定語從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。考點一that/which/who/whom1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充當主語或賓語，這些關(guān)系詞叫關(guān)系代詞。在上面的短文中的限制性定語從句中，that出現(xiàn)頻率最高。既可以作主語，也可以作賓語，既可以指人，也可以指物。2．此外指物時只用that不用which的情況的口訣：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被thevery、theonly、序數(shù)詞、形容詞或副詞最高級修飾時，或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時，或者先行詞指物是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingforforseveraldays.這正是我找了好幾天的那本書。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthismatter?關(guān)于這件事你想說什么呢？3．定語從句的謂語動詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Istillrememberthepeopleintheremotevillagewhowerefriendlytome.我仍然記得那些住在邊遠地區(qū)對我很友好的鄉(xiāng)親們。Thestudentswhoareinterestedintheactivityshouldsignupforitinadvance.對這次活動感興趣的同學們要提前報名。單句語法填空1．Thedictionarythat/whichthegentlemanboughthalfanhouragowasveryexpensive.2．Theladywho/thatis(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.3．Themanwho/whom/thatIservedwaswearingahat.4．Thisisthethirdapplethatshehaseatenintheafternoon.5．Thisistheonly/verythingthatIcandotosolvethetrickyproblem.6．That’sallthatIknowabouttheyoungmanlivingnextdoor.7．Whentheymetagain，thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersonsthattheycouldrememberintheschool.8．ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.考點二as/which/whose1．whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在從句中作定語，表示先行詞的所有格。即whose前的先行詞和whose之后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系?？谠E：whose前后名，后名屬前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.這就是那個叫李梅的女孩。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.他住在窗戶朝北的房子里。2．只用which/whom而不用that的情況。用在非限制性定語從句中或者動詞短語中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前，充當其賓語時。注意：which既可以指某一個名詞，也可以指前面的整個句子。Thisisthepanyinwhichmyfatheronceworked.這就是我父親曾經(jīng)在里面工作的公司。Therewasnopersontowhomshecouldturnforhelpinthedarkstreet.在黑漆漆的街上沒有她可以求助的人。3．定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，將非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號隔開。4．常用as的結(jié)構(gòu)：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。Aswasexpected，hecamelateagain.正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，他又遲到了。Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每個人所看到的一樣，這匹大象像一條蛇。單句語法填空1．HeisthestudentwhoseEnglishisalwaysatthetop.2．Inourfactorythereare2,000workers，twothirdsofwhomarewomen.3．Heisworkinghard，whichwillmakehimpassthefinalexam.4．Asisknowntoall，thereare7continentsontheearth.考點三when/where/why1．關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇從句不缺主語或賓語，是個完整的句子，可以是主謂賓或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，亦可以是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(主語＋vi.)。此時需要判斷謂語動詞是否及物。判斷定語從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞的方法：把謂語動詞與先行詞連接起來，看它們是否能構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，如果能直接構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，則該謂語動詞為及物動詞，否則為不及物動詞。(1)Thefactoryheonceworkedisclosednow.work與factory不能直接構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，只有后面加上介詞in才能構(gòu)成正確的表達形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work為不及物動詞。因此此處應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where作地點狀語，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行詞thefactory)。(2)Thefactoryhesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.該題中從句謂語動詞可以和先行詞構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)setupthefactory，所以setup是及物動詞短語。其后缺賓語，因此此處用關(guān)系代詞that或which。2．當先行詞為表示抽象地點的名詞situation，case，stage，point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。3．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定：(1)依據(jù)定語從句中動詞的習慣搭配來確定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書，這些書花光了我的所有積蓄。(2)依據(jù)先行詞的某種習慣搭配來確定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠不會忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時光。(3)根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.離開它我們就不能生存的這種無色氣體被稱為氧氣。4．當theway作先行詞時，無論關(guān)系詞作主語、賓語還是作狀語，用that一定正確。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstome.(關(guān)系詞作方式狀語)Theyarelookingforawaythat/whichisthemostsuitablefortheproblem.(關(guān)系詞作主語)單句語法填空1．IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2．Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.3．Giftshopsinmuseumswherepeoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.隨堂練習一．單句語法填空1．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，madehiseldersondiscouraged.【答案】which設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語，故填which。2．IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.【答案】where設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是village，且在從句中作地點狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)，相當于inwhich。3．Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.【答案】who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是people，從句缺少主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.【答案】where先行詞為websites，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworldonthewebsites，由此可知，先行詞在定語從句中與介詞on一起作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。5．Thesystem，canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.【答案】which設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為thesystem，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故填which。6．HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeoplewantedtoworkinSiliconValley.【答案】who/thatpeople為先行詞，從句中缺主語，故用who/that。7．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.【答案】when先行詞為afewyearsago，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，故填when。8．ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina.【答案】which根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的逗號可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞為hislifelongresearch，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：hislifelongresearchendedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina，由此可知，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，先行詞指物，故填which。9．Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，isareallyluckyguy.【答案】who分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且先行詞為herson，并在從句中作主語，故填who。10．Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.【答案】whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且在從句中作定語，先行詞為JoanandBernice，故填whose。二．語法填空Therewasatime1.IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.myfatherforcedmetojoinina30daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide,4.teacherwasYuMinhong，municatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”1．【答案】when先行詞是時間time，定語從句中不缺主語或賓語，故填關(guān)系副詞when。2．【答案】why先行詞是原因reason，定語從句中不缺主語或賓語，故填關(guān)系副詞why。3．【答案】where先行詞是地點club，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。4．【答案】whose先行詞是guide，空格后面的teacher與其構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。5．【答案】whom此處為非限制性定語從句，結(jié)合句意及空格前的介詞from可知填whom。6．【答案】that/which定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞activities，并在定語從句中作賓語，故用that/which。7．【答案】who非限制性定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞myfatherandtheguide，指人，并在定語從句中作主語，故用who。8．【答案】which非限制性定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代“學習英語”這件事，并在定語從句中作賓語，故用which。9．【答案】which非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的句子“Irecallthepassages”，要用which。10．【答案】As非限制性定語從句中要用關(guān)系詞指代后面的句子“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”并放在句首，意為“正如”，故用As。三．不同語境中定語從句的使用1．邀請信我寫信邀請你來看我們學校舉辦的漢服表演?！敬鸢浮縄’mwritingtoinviteyoutoenjoyahanfushowwhichwillbehostedbyourschool.我給你寫信的目的是邀請你參加下周六在我們學校舉辦的音樂節(jié)。【答案】I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestivalwhichwillbeheldinourschoolnextSaturday.2．申請信(1)我自五歲學習中國畫，因此我很了解這門藝術(shù)，這使得我能夠很好地介紹畫展?！敬鸢浮縄havetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit，whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.我英語很熟練，這使得我與外國人自由交談成為可能?！敬鸢浮縄haveagoodmandofEnglish，whichmakesitpossibleformetomunicatewithforeignersfreely.3．申請信(2)我寫信是想申請你們昨天在報紙上刊登的志愿者工作?！敬鸢浮縄’mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.我寫信申請我們學校英語協(xié)會所提供的職位?！敬鸢浮縄’mwritingtoapplyforthepositionthattheEnglishAssociationofourschooloffers.4．通知(1)GrowingTogether這部電影主要講述我們學校的發(fā)展，將于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校報告廳放映。ThemovieGrowingtogether，whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool，willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2∶00to4∶00intheafternoononJune17th.這場音樂會，其中包括由才華橫溢的學生們表演的各種精彩節(jié)目，將于下周日上午在我校大廳舉行。【答案】Theconcert，whichincludesvariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedstudents，willbeheldinth