2024年中考英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題練習(xí)代詞含解析

專(zhuān)題二 代詞學(xué)前自測(cè)（發(fā)覺(jué)考點(diǎn)）()1.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,but____ofthemliveswithhim.A.none B.both C.neither D.all()2.—IpreferspeakingtolisteninginEnglishlearning.—Oh,really!Ithinkyoushouldbegoodat___ofthem.A.some B.any C.both D.all()3.Shepromisedthatshecouldfinishtheworkby____.A.her B.herself C.she D.hers()4.Isawthedogalongwithagirl___wastheonlyguidedoginourcity.A.who B.which C.whom D.what()5.—Couldyoulendmeyourpen?Ileft___athome.—Certainly.A.mine B.yours C.one D.it()6.—Wow,theEnglishexamissoeasy.—Ithinkso.ButIdon’tthink____canpassit.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.noone()7.ThepeopleinTokyowillhavetoget___readybeforethe2024TokyoOlympicGames.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything()8.—Wow!Therearesomanynewbuildings.Ican’tbelieveit!Itusedtobeapoorvillage.—Yes.____haschangedhere.A.Something B.Nothing C.Everything D.Anything()9.____David___Jessicacangototheconcert,becausetheyhavenotickets.A.Neither;norB.Either;or C.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso()10.Theboysaidthathecouldn'tworkouttheproblemby_____.A.him B.his C.he D.himself?？伎键c(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)清單（研習(xí)考點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)一人稱(chēng)代詞1.人稱(chēng)代詞的分類(lèi)人稱(chēng)主格賓格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)Iwemeus其次人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hetheyhimthemsheheritit2.人稱(chēng)代詞的用法人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ),賓格作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Wearemiddleschoolstudents.我們是中學(xué)生。Iwrotealettertohimlastweek.上周我給他寫(xiě)了一封信。留意:人稱(chēng)代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),在口語(yǔ)中常用賓格。3.人稱(chēng)代詞的語(yǔ)序幾個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其依次是:單數(shù):二、三、一;復(fù)數(shù):一、二、三。You,sheandIwillstudyinagroup.你、她還有我將在一個(gè)組里學(xué)習(xí)。We,youandtheyareallstudents.我們、你們還有他們都是學(xué)生。巧記:人稱(chēng)代詞的排列依次人稱(chēng)代詞并列觀,留意依次禮貌見(jiàn)。單數(shù)并列二、三、一,復(fù)數(shù)并列一、二、三?？键c(diǎn)二物主代詞1.物主代詞的分類(lèi)人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)myourmineours其次人稱(chēng)youryouryouryour第三人稱(chēng)histheirhistheirsherhersitsits巧記:物主代詞分兩家,形、名詞性各一霸。his,its無(wú)改變,my,mine牢記它。其余改變規(guī)律化,形容詞性后面加尾巴(-s)。2.物主代詞的用法(1)形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Thatisourclassroom.那是我們的教室。留意:在某些固定短語(yǔ)中,形容詞性物主代詞要隨人稱(chēng)而改變。如:do/tryone'sbest,changeone'smind,doone'shomework,onone'swayto,saveone'slife等。(2)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Thisisyourpen.Mineisinmypencilcase.這是你的鋼筆。我的在我的鉛筆盒里。(3)用于雙重全部格中,即“a/an+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一個(gè)摯友。巧記:物主代詞的用法物主代詞兩類(lèi)型,形容詞性、名詞性。形容詞性作定語(yǔ),后面定把名詞用。名詞性,獨(dú)立用,主賓表語(yǔ)它都充。考點(diǎn)三反身代詞1.反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2.反身代詞的用法(1)作賓語(yǔ),位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。TheboyteacheshimselfEnglish.這個(gè)男孩兒自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(2)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,可以放在主語(yǔ)之后或句尾。Johnhimselfdidthework.=Johndidtheworkhimself.約翰親自做了這項(xiàng)工作。留意:反身代詞不行作定語(yǔ),常用“one'sown”表示“某人自己的”。Thisismyowncar.這是我自己的小汽車(chē)。3.反身代詞常用于一些固定搭配中teachoneself;learn…byoneself;enjoyoneself;devoteoneselfto;cometooneself;saytooneself;helponeselfto;byoneself;foroneself;ofoneself考點(diǎn)四指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)指近處thisthese指遠(yuǎn)處thatthose1.作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。Thisisachair.這是一把椅子。2.在電話(huà)中,用this(我)表示打電話(huà)者,用于介紹自己,用that(你)詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方。Hello!ThisisBob(speaking).Who'sthat?您好!我是鮑勃。你是哪位?3.that和those可以用在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,以避開(kāi)重復(fù)。that代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)詞;those代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofRussia.中國(guó)的人口比俄羅斯人口多?？键c(diǎn)五疑問(wèn)代詞1.常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代詞及其基本用法疑問(wèn)代詞基本用法例句who作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不能位于介詞后面)Whoareyouwaitingfor?你正在等誰(shuí)?whomwho的賓格形式,作賓語(yǔ)Withwhomdidyougo?你和誰(shuí)一起去的?whosewho的全部格形式,作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Whosebookisit?它是誰(shuí)的書(shū)?what作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Whatishedoing?他正在做什么?which作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Whichoneisbigger?哪一個(gè)更大?2.what與which的區(qū)分what用于選擇范圍較大或不明確的場(chǎng)合,which用于選擇范圍較小或較明確的場(chǎng)合。Whichisbetter,thisoneorthatone?哪一個(gè)更好,這個(gè)還是那個(gè)?3.who與what在口語(yǔ)中的用法區(qū)分Whoishe?意思是“他是誰(shuí)?”詢(xún)問(wèn)的是某個(gè)人的身份或姓名等。Whatishe?意思是“他是干什么的?”,詢(xún)問(wèn)的是某人的職業(yè)?！猈hoishe?他是誰(shuí)?—HeisJenny'sbrother.他是珍妮的哥哥?！猈hatishe?他是做什么的?—Heisadoctor.他是個(gè)醫(yī)生?？键c(diǎn)六不定代詞不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。不定代詞分為一般不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。1.一般不定代詞主要有:some,any,both,all,another,other,each,either,neither,none,one,afew,few,alittle,little,many,much等。2.幾種常見(jiàn)的一般不定代詞的用法辨析(1)one與it相同點(diǎn)單詞用法例句為了避開(kāi)同一名詞重復(fù)運(yùn)用,常用one或it來(lái)代替前面提到的某個(gè)單數(shù)名詞oneone所代替的是前面提到的同類(lèi)事物,但不是同一個(gè)Ican'tfindmypen.IthinkImustbuyanewone.我找不到我的鋼筆了。我想我必需買(mǎi)一支新的。itit所代替的是前面提到的那個(gè)特指的事物Iboughtanewpenyesterday,andIgaveittomysister.我昨天買(mǎi)了一支新鋼筆,我把它給我妹妹了。(2)some與any相同點(diǎn)單詞用法例句修飾可數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞some陳述句Therearesomeboysplayingfootball.有一些男孩們正在踢足球。疑問(wèn)句Wouldyoulikesomewater?你想喝些水嗎?any否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句Thereisn'tanymeatinthefridge.冰箱里沒(méi)有肉了。(3)both,all,neither,none,either與any之一都都不適用范圍兩者eitherbothneither三者或以上anyallnone固定短語(yǔ)both…and…(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))either…or…(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則)neither…nor…(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則)(4)little,alittle,few與afew很少;幾乎沒(méi)有(表否定)幾個(gè);一點(diǎn)兒(表確定)修飾可數(shù)名詞fewafew修飾不行數(shù)名詞littlealittle例句Don'tworry!Thereisalittletimeleft.別焦急!還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間。Hehasafewfriendshere,buthehasfewgoodfriends.在這里他有幾個(gè)摯友,但是幾乎沒(méi)有好摯友。(5)other(s),theother(s),another概念成份數(shù)泛指剩下中的一部分(不用the)特指剩下中的全體(要用the)作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(其后加名詞)作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(其后加名詞)單數(shù)anotheranotherbooktheothertheotherbook復(fù)數(shù)othersotherbookstheotherstheotherbooks3.復(fù)合不定代詞-one-thing-bodysome-someonesomethingsomebodyany-anyoneanythinganybodyevery-everyoneeverythingeverybodyno-noonenothingnobody(1)一般狀況下,由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在確定句中;由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中;由no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定意義。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.我有事要告知你。Ican'tseeanything.我什么也看不見(jiàn)。There'snothingIcando.我什么也做不了。(2)形容詞或else修飾不定代詞時(shí),通常位于不定代詞之后。Doyouwantanythingelse?你還想要其他的東西嗎?考點(diǎn)七代詞it的用法1.it用來(lái)指除人以外的一切生物和事物,可指時(shí)間、距離、天氣、溫度、度量等?！猈hat'stheweatherliketoday?今日天氣怎樣?—It'ssunny.很晴朗。2.it可用來(lái)代替指示代詞this和that?！猈hat'sthis/that?這/那是什么?—It'sanapple.是蘋(píng)果。3.it指嬰兒或不明身份的人。Isitaboyoragirl?是男孩還是女孩?4.it代替動(dòng)詞不定式作形式主語(yǔ)。It'simportantforustoworkhard.努力工作對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。5.it代替動(dòng)詞不定式作形式賓語(yǔ)。IfounditeasytoworkouttheMathproblem.我發(fā)覺(jué)算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很簡(jiǎn)單。鞏固訓(xùn)練（夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）一、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—_____notebookisthis?—Ithinkit's.A.Whose;he B.Who;his C.Whose;his D.Who;him()2.—Morning,class.Is____here?—No,sir.Tomisabsent.A.anybody B.everybody C.nobody D.somebody()3.—Canyoukicktheballto___endofthefootballfield?—It’shardforme.Ithink___goalkeeperscanmakeit.A.another;alittleB.another;little C.theother;afewD.theother;few()4.—Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?—_____.Ireallydon'tcare.A.None B.Either C.Neither D.All()5.—Marytriedonthreedresses,but____ofthemfittedher.—Don'tworry.Thereareplentyofdressesthere.A.both B.none C.all D.neither()6.—Whoteaches____Japanese?—Nobody.Iteach____.A.your;mineB.your;my C.you;myselfD.you;me()7.—___Tom____Jackhasgonetothepartybecausetheyhavenotime.—Whatapity!A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;norD.None;or()8.—WhoisMrLi?—Heis____teacherandheteaches____English.A.our;our B.us;us C.our;us D.us;our()9.AsforlearningEnglish,studentswhoreadalotcandomuchbetterthan_____whodon't.A.those B.that