2015屆高考復(fù)習(xí)真題精解精析：18《閱讀理解之科普類》（解析版）

專題18閱讀理解之科普類

[2014高考試題】

一、（2014安徽卷）B

Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,a

newstudysays.Beehives（蜂窩）-eitherrecordedorreal-mayevenpreventelephantsfrom

damagingfarmer'scrops.

In2002,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbees

livinginthem.Today,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfrom

eatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmertogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,

sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.

LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshe

threwastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntilthe

angrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next,LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNational

ReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinaclosetoeachfamily.

Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesame

timerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithinten

seconds.Outofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucy

reportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.When

LucyPlayedthesoundofawaterfall（瀑布）insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephant

families,theanimalswereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinone

place.

Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybees

afterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,buthe門nitial（最初的）

resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersin

thefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.

60.Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmayhefrightenedof.

A.loudnoisesB.somecrops

C.videocamerasD.angrybees

61.Asmentionedinthepassage,Lucy

A.worksbyherselfinAfrica

B.needstotestmoreelephantgroups

C.hasstoppedelephantseatingcrops

D.hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms

62.WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?

A.Torecordthesoundofbees.

B.Tomakeavideoofelephants.

C.Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.

D.Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.

63.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.

B.Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.

C.Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.

D.FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.

【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀

【文章大意】本文講述了非洲大陸的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的聲音，科學(xué)家LucyKing正在研究十分可以利

用這個(gè)現(xiàn)象來保護(hù)莊稼不受大象的侵?jǐn)_.

60.【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章第一句Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephants

nnmingaway,anewstudysays-可知憤怒的蜜蜂的錄音的聲音足以讓非洲大象都害怕地跑開.故D正確.

61.【答案】

【解析】推理題.根據(jù)文章最后一段Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial（最初的）

resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfanners一可知她需要還需要對(duì)更多的象群進(jìn)行研究，以證明蜜

蜂的聲音對(duì)大冢是有影晌的.故B正確.

62.【答案】A

【解析雕理題。根據(jù)文章第三段1,2行LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetup

arecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircar

untiltheangiybeeshadcalmeddown.他們找到一個(gè)蜂巢，放:好錄音機(jī)，然后扔一個(gè)石塊擊中蜂巢，讓蜜蜂都

飛起來尋找敵人.他們錄下這個(gè)聲音.可知他們?nèi)邮^是為了錄下憒怒的蜜蜂的聲音.故A正確.

63.【答案】C

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recorded

soundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halfthe

elephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroup

ignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.可知當(dāng)她播放蜜蜂的聲音的時(shí)候，大部分的大象都在10秒

鐘只能離開了，說明大象很害怕蜜蜂的聲音。故C正確。

1~【長(zhǎng)難句解析】1

Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughA&icanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudysays.

【割逕】一個(gè)新的研究說：憤怒的蜜蜂的錄音足以讓體型巨大的非洲大象都逃走.

■

【分析】本句中的表語(yǔ)”eenoughtosendbigtoughAfricanelephantsrunmngaway中的不定式tosendbig

toughAfrica]]elephantsrunningaway表示的是結(jié)果.句中有一個(gè)固定搭配sendsbdoingsft讓某人做某事，

doing是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足濟(jì)的成分.

■■

二（2014北京卷）D

Multitasking

Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed（展示）at

theentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?

Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhilea

shop'sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditis

providingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.

Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydark

hallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbe

usedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroduced

scentintoitsstores,customers'intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.

WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand's

successasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonslaes.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingis

averydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.

Someyearsagozthefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants/

disprovingattitudeanddon't-touch-what-you-can't-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectronic

commerce（e-commerce）hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscan

usesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（實(shí)體店）canofferafullexperiencefromthe

minutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseeksto

bemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.

Nowafamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbaby

powderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut（椰子）scentintheswimsuitsection.A

departmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore's

windowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.

67.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsome

brandstore?

A.Friendlyassistant.B.Uniquescents.

C.SoftbackgroundmusicD.attractivewindowdisplay.

68.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto.

A.showtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstores

B.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitude

C.pushstorestousesightsandsounds

D.introducetheriseofe-commerce

69.Theunderlinedword“destination“inParagraph5means.

A.aplatformthatexhibtsgoods

B.aspotwheretravelersliketostay

C.aplacewherecustomerslovetogo

D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet

70.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassess

C.argueanddiscussD.informandexplain

【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀

【文章大意】本文介紹了現(xiàn)在的很多商店都運(yùn)用一個(gè)新方法：味道，來吸引顧客.并解釋了這樣做的

原因.這是與網(wǎng)店比較起來實(shí)體店的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì).

67.【答案】B學(xué)科掰

［解析］推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段1.2行Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhich

floatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandonttotheentrance,viasc?iimachines.可知這家商店的成功的原因是店里

很有特色的味道.故B正確.

68.【答案】A

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)第五段3,4行Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortar

stores供體店）canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedooitothemomentthey

leave.可知電子掰店里可以使用聲音和視覺來吸引顧客，那么實(shí)體店里就可以使用味道來吸引顧客.作者舉

電子網(wǎng)店是為了說明實(shí)體店也有自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故A正確。

1-69【答案】C',

【解析】推理題.根據(jù)本句Anotherbraisdstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestinatioii.

另外一家實(shí)體店通過種種方法努力讓自己不僅僅是一個(gè)商店，而成為人們?cè)敢馊サ哪康牡?，既然來到這里，

他們就可能多購(gòu)物了.光儲(chǔ)該詞是指C項(xiàng)含義.

70.1答案】D

【解析】推理題.本文介紹了現(xiàn)在的很多商店都運(yùn)用一個(gè)新方法：味道，來吸引顧客.并解程了這樣

做的原因.也就是說本文是為了告訴我們這樣的行為并做出解程.故D正確.

.【長(zhǎng)難句解析】?

Onesportsgoodscompanyonoereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,custonieis5

wtensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.

【制深】一家運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌公司曾經(jīng)報(bào)道，當(dāng)他們首先引進(jìn)香味進(jìn)入商店的時(shí)候，顧客們的購(gòu)物欲望增加

了百分之80.

【分析】本句中動(dòng)詞reported后面含有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句thatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,

customersintensiontopurchaseincreasedby80peioent通常賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞thal是可以省略的，但是本題

■賓港從句中有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間裝湎從句，所以th?a一t是不能省略.■

三（2014廣東卷）D

Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents（洋流）.Mostdoitusing

satellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitina

specialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears/

experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsof

athleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Therewereso

manyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellor

wear.

Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60,000intotal—fellintothe

oceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoes

back.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbea

greatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwhere

theylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.

ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing（海灘搜尋）because

windsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.

Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationabout

wheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,

heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodelocean

currents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.

Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwith

questionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedan

associationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNew

Zealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.

41.TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

A.fittingrooms

B.tradingfairs

C.businesstalks

D.groupmeetings

42.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout.

A.whatcausedtheshippingaccident

B.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissing

C.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoes

D.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident

43.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?

A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.

B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcomber.

C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.

D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.

44.Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor.

A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworld

B.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsonthesea

C.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociation

D.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea

45.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.

B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.

C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.

D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.

【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀

【文章大意】本文介紹了.海洋專家CurtisEbbesmeyer通過研究海上漂流物的方法來研究洋流，接著就

對(duì)此方法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明.

4L【答案】B

【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題.根據(jù)橫線部分下一句tiyandmatchSeftandrightshoestosellorwear人們嘗試著配

對(duì)左右腳的鞋，然后去賣或者穿.說明人們想搞一個(gè)貿(mào)易集會(huì)來賣這些鞋子.故B正確。

42.【答案】C

【解析雕理題。根據(jù)第二段2,3行Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.As

expected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.他打電話給這件制鞋公司，詢問他們是否還想要這些鞋子.也

就是說他想知道是否可以使用這些鞋子來進(jìn)行他的實(shí)境.故C正確.

43.【答案】A

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段第2句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpin

collectinginformatioiiaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.可

知他通過怏Mhsmbing來收集信息，進(jìn)行自己的研究，以此來研究洋流的問題。故A正確。

44.【答案】D

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthe

scientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatiiigintheocean.得知因?yàn)閷ｉT打電話詢問海

洋里漂流的物體而出名。故D正確。

45.【答案】C

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第3句However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway

—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage海洋專家CurtisEbbesmeyer通過研究海上漂流物的方法

來研究洋流，接著就時(shí)此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。故本文是為了解釋這一獨(dú)特的研究洋流的方法，C項(xiàng)正確。

四（2014湖北卷）C

Workingwithagroupofbaboons（狒狒）intheNamibiandesert,Dr.AleciaCarterofthe

DepartmentofZoology,CambridgeUniversitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganovelfood

andafamiliarfoodhiddeninabox.Somebaboonsweregiventhechancetowatchanother

baboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask,whileothershadtolearnforthemselves.Towork

outhowbraveoranxiousthebaboonswere,Dr.Carterpresentedthemeitherwithanovelfoodor

athreatintheformofamodelofapoisonoussnake.

Shefoundthatpersonalityhadamajorimpactonlearning.Thebraverbaboonslearnt,butthe

shyonesdidnotlearnthetaskalthoughtheywatchedthebaboonperformthetaskoffindingthe

novelfoodjustaslongasthebraveonesdid.Ineffect,despitebeingmadeawareofwhattodo,

theywerestilltooshytodowhattheexperiencedbaboondid.

Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividuals

learntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspent

moretimewatching.

Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplays

akeyroleinsociallearninginanimals,somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudieson

howanimalslearntodothings.Thefindingsaresignificantbecausetheysuggestthatanimalsmay

performpoorlyincognitive（認(rèn)知的）tasksnotbecausetheyaren'tcleverenoughtosolvethem,

butbecausetheyaretooshyornervoustousethesocialinformation.

Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthrough

sociallearning.Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformationfromothersbecausetheydon't

associatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals,ortheyaretooshytousetheinformationoncethey

haveit,informationmaynottravelbetweenallgroupmembers,preventingtheformationofa

culturebasedonsociallearning.

59.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThedesignofDr.Carter'sresearch.

B.TheresultsofDr.Carter'sresearch.

C.ThepurposeofDr.Carter'sresearch.

D.ThesignificanceofDr.Carter'sresearch.

60.Accordingtotheresearch,whichbaboonsaremorelikelytocompleteanewlearning

task?

A.Thosethathavemoreexperience.

B.Thosethatcanavoidpotentialrisks.

C.Thosethatliketoworkindependently.

D.Thosethatfeelanxiousaboutlearning.

61.Whichbestillustratesthe“mismatch"mentionedinParagraph4?

A.Somebaboonsareintelligentbutslowinlearning.

B.Somebaboonsareshybutactiveinsocialactivities.

C.Somebaboonsobserveothersbutdon'tfollowthem.

D.Somebaboonsperformnewtasksbutdon'tconcentrate.

62.Dr.Carter'sfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformedthrough.

A.storinginformation

B.learningfromeachother

C.understandingdifferentpeople

D.travellingbetweensocialgroups

【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀

【文章大意】本文通過敘述DrAleciaCarta在猱猱身上進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究顯示動(dòng)物的性格在社會(huì)化的學(xué)

習(xí)中起著很重要的作用.同樣人類也與此相似，我們的文化的形成正是通過交換信息等社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng).

59.【答案】A

■【解析】段落大意題.根據(jù)第一段2：3,4行Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology,Cambridge■

Universitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganove：foodandafamiliarfoodhiddeninaboxSomebaboon*：

weregiventhechancetowatchanotherbaboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask,whileothershadtoleam

foithemsdvE可知本段主要描述他迸行的這項(xiàng)研究的設(shè)計(jì)方案,也就是他在這項(xiàng)研究里是如何做的.故A

正■確.??

?&）【答案】D,,

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題,根據(jù)第三段第2句Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethose

whowere,relaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching,可知那些很焦慮的急切想學(xué)習(xí)的拂狒學(xué)需

更快，更好,而那些害羞的猱㈱卻沒有能夠做到,故D正確.

61.【答案】C

【解析】推理題.根據(jù)第三段Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxious

individualsleamtthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewho/ererelaxeddidnoteventhoughtheyspentmore

Lewaldung.可知一些狒娜雖然理察了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但是并沒有采取行動(dòng).這一錯(cuò)位說明性格在動(dòng)物的社會(huì).

行為中起著很重要的作用.第四盤里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句whilethosewhowererelaxeddidcot.

eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching的內(nèi)容?故C正確.

62.t答案】B

【解析】推理題.根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Thefindingsmayimpaclhowweunderstandtheformatiocof

cultureinsocietiesthroughsocialleaniiug可知人們是通過社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)來理解我們文化的組成的.也就是說人們

需要相互交換信息，相互學(xué)習(xí).故B正確.--

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】

1.Workingwithagroupofbaboons避猱）intheNamibiandesert,Dr.AleciaCartertheDepartmentcf

Zoology,CambridgeUniversitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganovelfoodandafamHiarfoodhiddenina

box.

【翻譯】和一群猱猱在納米比亞的沙漠里工作的來自劍橋大學(xué)的動(dòng)物學(xué)博士AleciaCarter給猱猱們?cè)O(shè)定

了一個(gè)涉及到新奇食品和很熟悉的放在盒子里的食品的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。

【分析】本句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Workingwithagroupofbaboons觥猱）intheNamibiandesert在句中做

為狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞work與句子主語(yǔ)Dr.AleciaCaiter構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。同時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)involvinga

novelfoodandafamiliarfoodhiddeninabox作為定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞lean】ingtasks。

2.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsoda*informationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyrolein

socialleamiuginanimaK.somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowxnimalsleanttodothings.

【翻譯】這種收集信息和使用信息的錯(cuò)位說明性格在動(dòng)物的社會(huì)性學(xué)習(xí)方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用，這是在

關(guān)于動(dòng)物如何學(xué)習(xí)的之前的研究中被忽略的問題。

【分析】本句中的動(dòng)詞show后面含有一個(gè)that弓I導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句thatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsocial

leamiuginanimal^somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalsleamtodothings。這個(gè)

賓語(yǔ)從句中something就指personalityplaysakeyroleinsocialleamiuginanimals這一點(diǎn)。Something后面是

一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句thathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalsleamtodothings。修飾先行詞

something。

五（2014湖南卷）C

Thebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomesto

energyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre（UKERC）.TheUK

promisestoreduceitscarbonemissions（排放）by80percentby2050,partofwhichwillbe

achievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbonby2016.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainable

buildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant-isnotenoughtoachievesuch

reductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.

Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargely

ignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency（效率），whichinsteadfocuson

architecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.

iTechnologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything/explainsKatyJanda,a

UKERCseniorresearcher,'consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcareful

design.'Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.

Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdon'thavethe

knowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation,ifshardto

estimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback（反饋）facilities,likesmart

metersandenergymonitors,couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehow

changingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthat

householdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.

Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension（方面），suggestingthatindividualsJ

behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted-whetherpeoplethrowopen

theirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat（恒溫天用）,forexample.Jandaarguesthat

educationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheir

ownbehaviourinthem.

66.Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof.

A.zero-carbonhomesB.thebehaviourofbuildingusers

C.sustainablebuildingdesignD.thereductionofcarbonemissions

67.Theunderlinedword“which“inParagraph2refersto"

A.thewaysB.theirhomes

C.developmentsD.existingefforts

68.WhatareKatyJanda'swordsmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers,habits.

B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.

C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.

D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.

69.Theinformationgapinenergyuse.

A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilities

B.affectsthestudyonenergymonitors

C.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmeters

D.willbecausedbybuildingusers'oldhabits

70.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?

A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.

B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.

C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.

D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.

【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類短文

1【文章大意】UKERC的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)居民的行為和房屋的設(shè)計(jì)在節(jié)能方面同樣的重要.文章號(hào)召我們要注‘

氤自己的行為切實(shí)注意環(huán)保節(jié)能.

66【答案】B

【解析曲節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章1,2行Thebehaviourofabuilding^u$srsmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesign

whenitcomestoenergyuse.accordingtonewresearchtheUKEnergyReseaictCentre（UKERC）.居民的行

為和房屋的設(shè)計(jì)在節(jié)能方面同樣的重要.這是UKERC的研究的結(jié)果.所以如果我們要想達(dá)到節(jié)能的目的，

隴們必須要注意使用者的行為.故B正確.?

67.【答案】D

【解析】推理題.根據(jù)本楚Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeen

largelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergy-,efficiency微率），whichinsteadfocusonarchitectural

indtechnologiGaldevelopments.可知：這個(gè)研究說明人們現(xiàn)在提高能源使用效率的努力忽視了使用者■的行為，

卻把太多的注意力集中到了房屋的設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展方面.故本句中的which是指existingefforts.故D正

福,,

68.【答案】A

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,^和

consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.’Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,

eveninthebest-designedeohome.可知技術(shù)是可以給我們帶來幫助，但是它不能解決所有的問題。房屋使用

者的使用行為可以讓最細(xì)心的設(shè)計(jì)都失去效果。本句說明KatyJanda認(rèn)為房屋使用者的習(xí)慣很重要。故A

正確。

69.【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段3,4行Feedback（反饋）facilities：likesmartmetersandenergymonitors,

couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangiDgtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheir

energyuse可知Feedbackfacilities可以biidgetheinformationgap。故A正確。

70.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段1,2行Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension彷面），

suggestingthatindividuals'behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted可知很多家庭的個(gè)人

行為是很難預(yù)測(cè)的。故C正確。學(xué)科掰

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】

l.Thebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomes

toenergyuse

【翻譯】當(dāng)涉及到使用能源的時(shí)候，房屋庾用者的行為和房屋的設(shè)計(jì)至少是同樣地重要.

【分析】本句中含有一個(gè)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法asimponamas.一本題是一個(gè)原級(jí)的比較.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法是高中英

語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，當(dāng)我們要表達(dá)甲是乙的幾倍時(shí)，通常用句型來表示：L“A+倍數(shù)鏘容詞或副詞的比較

+than+Bv?表示"A比B大（長(zhǎng)、高、寬等）多少倍"。如：Thisropeistwicelongerthanthatone.2.“A+

倍數(shù)■形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as+B"，表示"A正好是B的多少倍”如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.

亞:洲的面積是隕洲的四倍。3“A++thesize^ieighblength/width,etc+of+B"表示"A正好是B的多少倍”。

如：Thisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatone.4"times+whabr從句如Theproductionisnowthreetimes

whatitwastenyearsago.

六（2014江蘇卷）C

Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson'sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhis

behaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceoftheperson

orsituationthatarouseshisanger.

Noteveryoneexperiencesangerinthesameway;whatangersonepersonmayamuse

another.Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicaland

cultaralforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofan