初中英語語法：賓語-狀語-定語從句-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-冠詞的用法

中學(xué)英語賓語從句語法講解[賓語從句歌訣]賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變。陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問需用if/whether連。特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關(guān)過后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。[歌訣解碼]一、三姊妹賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.2.由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.3.由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？二、三關(guān)1.引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2.語序關(guān)①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3.時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.②如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用1.從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2.賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問句，用問號(hào)。如：Whowillgiveusatalk？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive？→Doyouknowwherehelives？四、兩副面孔if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.（時(shí)間狀語從句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（賓語從句）五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化1.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9．Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10．Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat_______________.13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.二、選擇填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?─Sorry,I'venoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another()16.─Couldyoutellme______?─Yes.He____totheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives()19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster”sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what()20.Heaskedme_______.A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if()22.Youmustremember_______.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid()23.Idon”tknow______.A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIliveC.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein()24.－－Doyouknowwhenhe______back?－－Sorry,Idon”t.Whenhe_______back,I”lltellyou.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome()25Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()29.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()30.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow三、用合適的連接詞填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?(why,what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同義句)→Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）→I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改為復(fù)合句）→Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）→Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?(改為反意疑問句)五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.賓語從句參考答案：一、1.that,were2.that,travels3.that,wouldbe4.if/whethertheycanspeak5.if/whether,areplaying6.if/whetherhehadfinishedhis7.howmanypeopleyoucansee8.wheresheparked9.whathe,talked10.whoknocked11.if/whether,lives12.hisnamewas14.if/whether,wanted15.if/whether,was二、1—5:DDDBB6—10:ACDBC11—15:CCBAD16—20:BCDAC21—25:DACCA26—30:DCCBA三、1.why2.who3.that4.how5.howsoon6.whether7.whether8.what9.why10.what四、1.if/whetherhewanted2.don’tthink,is3.whichtrousersshecan4.howtoget5.willthey五、1.willgo2.was3.is4.would5.swam6.works7.hadfinished8.hike9.helped10.togo狀語從句講解和練習(xí)

狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：

1.Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副詞)

2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介詞狀短語)

3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)

4.Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(過去分詞)

5.IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.（原因狀語從句）

狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)必須后置。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞

和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:

1．時(shí)間狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when

Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.

WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.

Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果園)themomenttheysawtheguard.

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.

EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.

2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：where

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever,anywhere,everywhere

Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.

Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.

3．原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because,since,as,since

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,

MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.

Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.

Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.

Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.

4．目的狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：sothat,inorderthat

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat

Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.

5．結(jié)果狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so…that,so…that,such…that,

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,

Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.

It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.

Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.

6．條件狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：if,unless,

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat

We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.

Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.

Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.

7．讓步狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：though,although,evenif,eventhough

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter…，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever

MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.

盡管我很尊敬他，我卻不同意他的建議。

Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.

Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.

Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.

8．比較狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較),than(不同程度的比較)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：themore…themore…;justas…，so…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB

Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.

Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.

Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.

Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。

9．方式狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as,asif,how

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.

Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.

Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.10.狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化

?狀語從句的省略

狀語從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷浴＠纾?/p>

When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.

另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：

I’mtallerthanhe(istall).

Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).

就狀語從句而言,有時(shí)為了使語言言簡(jiǎn)意賅,常常將狀語從句進(jìn)行"簡(jiǎn)化"。狀語從句的"簡(jiǎn)化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。

狀語從句的"簡(jiǎn)化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;④由as,asif等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;⑤由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作一歸納。

(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。例如:

If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的話,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。

Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情況對(duì)你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。

(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí),從句可以將主語和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:

a.連詞+形容詞

As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了騎自行車。

Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.她有空就去逛商店。

Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。

b.連詞+名詞

While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.他在孩提時(shí)代就樂于助人。

Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.盡管他曾是個(gè)農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。

c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞

As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。

Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績(jī)。

d.連詞+過去分詞

Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀請(qǐng),否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。

Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

e.連詞+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來好像要說什么。Hewouldn'tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個(gè)問題。f.連詞+介詞短語

Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。

HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。

注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:

Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí),人們都走出了會(huì)議室。(=Themeetingover,

鞏固練習(xí)

1.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.

A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif

2.Iwouldappreciateit________youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.

A.untilB.ifC.whenD.that

3.AsfarasIamconcerned，educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn，________.

A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouare

C.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife

4.Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup________therehadoncebeenatheatre.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

5.—IsMr.Smithintheoffice?

—Yes，________heisinchargeoftheoffice，hemustbethere.

A.sinceB.howeverC.whetherD.for

6.Asyourgoodfriend,Iwilldo________helpyou.

A.thatIcantoB.whatIcantoC.allthatIcanD.whatIcan

7.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.

A.aslongasB.inordertoC.incaseD.sothat

8.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight，buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.

A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before

9.—Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.

—Oh,yes.________othersareweak,heisstrong.

A.IfB.WhenC.WhereD.Though

10.Itistenyears________hesmoked.

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.while

11.Wemusthurryup________catchupwiththelasttrain.

A.thatB.sothattoC.inorderthatD.inorderto

12.Nomatter________harditmaybe，Iwillcarryitout.

A.whatB.whateverC.howD.however

13.________youmaydo，youmustdoitwell.

A.WhichB.WheneverC.WhateverD.When

14.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?

—No.ButifI________thetime，Iwoulddefinitelygo.A.haveB.hadC.havehadD.wouldhave

15.________youaresoweak，you’dbetterstayathome.

A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.Though

16.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.

A.nomatterwhichB.whicheverC.whichD.whatever

17.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.

A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.till

18.I’llbebackbeforeyou________.

A.willleaveB.willhaveleftC.leaveD.wouldleave

19.Theproblemwon’tbesettleduntilwe________achancetodiscussitthoroughly.

A.havehadB.willhaveC.willhavehadD.wouldhave

20.Ifyou________thisexperiment，youwillunderstandthetheorybetter.

A.willbedoingB.havedoneC.willhavedoneD.woulddo

21.Theywentonworking________itwaslateatnight.

A.evenifB.asifC.howeverD.asthough

22.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless

23.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit________.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining

24.________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.

A.AttimesB.SometimeC.BythetimeD.Everytime

25.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，________.

A.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyread

C.hisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread

26.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe________.

A.willarriveB.isgoingtoarriveC.arrivesD.isarriving

27.Weshouldfinishtheimportantjob，________.

A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlong

C.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes

28.________hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How

29.________comestothepartywillreceiveagift.

A.WhichB.WhoC.WhichoneD.Whoever

30.Sheiswillingtohelpyou,________busysheis.

A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever

31.Idon’tcarewhetherhestays________goes.

A.norB.thenC.orD.otherwise

32.Nomatter________harditmaybe，I’llcarryitout.

A.whatB.whateverC.howD.however

33.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjob________you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

34.________heis,hewillbethinkingofyou.

A.WhereverB.WhereC.NowthatD.Assoonas

35.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings________youcanfindthemagain.1~5CBBBA6~10BCDCC

11~15DCCBA16~20BCCAB

21~25ABBDC26~30CDADC

31~35CCDAB36~40BCDAD41~45ABBAD46~50DCBBC51~55DCBBD56~60BBACC【解析】1.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。2.if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。3.本句是themore…themore…句型，第二個(gè)比較級(jí)修飾形容詞equipped。4.where引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的狀語從句。5.since在這里引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。7.incase以防萬一。19.主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，狀語從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句的動(dòng)作先完成，可用完成時(shí)。24.此處的everytime當(dāng)連詞使用。37.這是對(duì)話省略，引出一個(gè)條件“除非他先完成作業(yè)”。38.本句意為“除非你努力，(否則)你決不可能獲得成功”。43.本句的條件狀語從句是虛擬語氣。50.when在本句中相當(dāng)于since，seeingthat，consideringthat，“既然；鑒于”。定語從句的用法以及精練一、定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

(3)that作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰?

f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況:

a.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that.例如:

What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which,而不用that.例如:

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如:

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如:

Thisisplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

(3)why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

六。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。

例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?

(2)像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：

Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

I.單項(xiàng)填空。

1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?

-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone

3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?

A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit

C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

A.whichagreesB.whoagree

C.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

A.thatB.itC.whichwho

7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

A.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.

8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive

C.whereweliveinD.welivein

Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,which