水資源評(píng)價(jià)課程設(shè)計(jì)

水資源評(píng)價(jià)課程設(shè)計(jì)2020年指導(dǎo)教師：姓名：水資源規(guī)劃課程設(shè)計(jì)自然概況評(píng)價(jià)地區(qū)（某縣）位于蘇北西部，洪澤湖南岸?？偯娣e2492.8km2，耕地面積113.31萬(wàn)畝，其中水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝，旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝。全縣水面積428.8km2，陸地水面積133.3km2。該縣屬季風(fēng)性濕潤(rùn)氣候，夏季高溫多雨，秋季氣爽天高，冬季干燥寒冷，氣象災(zāi)害頻繁，洪澇汗?jié)n熱帶風(fēng)暴齊全。1990年末全縣總?cè)丝?8.34萬(wàn)人，農(nóng)業(yè)入口61.57萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?0.1％。1990年工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值6.0億元，比1985年增長(zhǎng)219.0％，年遞增26.1％。水系概況該縣境內(nèi)河流、湖泊屬淮河水系，境內(nèi)河流有淮河和入江水道，淮河全長(zhǎng)64.95km2，水面積80多km2；入江水道全長(zhǎng)20.5km2，水面積約7.0km2。境內(nèi)有湖泊8面，總湖泊面積約197.3km2?，F(xiàn)有中型水庫(kù)5座，總庫(kù)容20160萬(wàn)m3，興利庫(kù)容12168萬(wàn)m3，小型水庫(kù)120座，總庫(kù)容13681萬(wàn)m3，興利庫(kù)容7022萬(wàn)m3。水資源供需平衡分區(qū)由于水資源供需條件在面上存在一定的差異性，因此，需要?jiǎng)澐秩舾蓚€(gè)計(jì)算單元。本設(shè)計(jì)以縣境為界，采取以流域水系分區(qū)。全縣共分7個(gè)計(jì)算單元，即：仇集大澗片、沿淮河南岸片、沿洪澤湖片、沿入江水道片、銅龍河片、古城大澗片和河西片。各片面積分類情況見(jiàn)表1。表1該縣各片面積分類表單位：km2片名總面積陸地面積其中山區(qū)平原水面仇集大澗187.6187.611173.82.8沿淮南岸282.9246.9136.6105.15.2沿洪澤湖717.4663.168.3541.53.8沿入江道241.2234.11.7216.216.2銅龍河164.8164.832.511121.3古城大澗263.5263.576.8163.323.4河西635.4437.3426.710.6合計(jì)2492.82197.3426.91637.1133.3下面以仇集大澗區(qū)進(jìn)行課程設(shè)計(jì)一、選擇代表年1．汛期雨量及年降雨量的統(tǒng)計(jì)本次設(shè)計(jì)選用該縣水文站、該縣氣象站和三河閘水文站1958年至1990年的34年雨量資料系列。統(tǒng)計(jì)三站逐年的降雨量和汛期雨量，取三站逐年年降雨量的算術(shù)平均值進(jìn)行頻率分析計(jì)算。頻率分析、適線時(shí)要求采用矩法，Cs＝2Cv。計(jì)算表格如下：年份縣水文站縣氣象站三河閘水文站三站年雨量平均值汛期雨量平均值年雨量排序經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率年雨量汛期雨量年雨量汛期雨量年雨量汛期雨量1958907.6629.2871.3583.7789.8465.8856.2559.61443.10.02941959834.1417.3895.6454.1918.7504.5882.8458.61396.40.05881960917.5488.71066.7620.41024.5587.61002.9565.61247.40.08821961986.2599.4980.3661.4873.5541.7946.7600.81243.50.11761962996.2777.310228031023.1821.91013.8800.71236.40.147119631206.6736.91147.3676.11355.4903.21236.4772.11159.504381.61008.5431.11113.1595.71023.0469.51089.20.2059196513501049.91418.51123.11560.91268.81443.11147.31076.60.23531966692.6275.8726.7339.1813427.7744.1347.51050.00.26471967802.1450.4646.1348.7694366.9714.1388.71047.60.29411968891.2597.2913.4649.21073.9817.7959.5688.01044.70.323519691190.6797.31180.3784.31107.7711.41159.5764.31023.00.352919701000.5751.51061.3821.31088.38371050.0803.31013.80.382419711077.27871033.7740.41023.1747.41044.7758.31002.90.41181972984.3704.51015.9708.8935.6640.2978.6684.51002.00.44121973855.7386934.5463.5809.5334.7866.6394.7999.00.470619741060.1691.21155.5699.81014.1569.41076.6653.5998.90.500019751299918.41269.98501161.6761.41243.5843.3978.60.52941976821.5292.2808.9298846.9337.9825.8309.4959.50.55881977843.9461876.7533.5964.4588.6895.0527.7958.60.58821978483.6235.5534.4290.6472.4221.1496.8249.1947.40.61761979993.26921050.7721.7962.1631.11002.0681.6946.70.64711980966.7647.211088211193868.31089.2778.8898.50.676519811006.2696.31064.1744.81072.6747.11047.6729.4895.00.70591982964513.4951.2507.3927.1444947.4488.2882.80.73531983900.8578.8878.7576.4916.1600.7898.5585.3866.60.764719841069.4769.1921.7654.31005.9710.8999.0711.4856.20.79411985990.6471.7985.6469.4899.5426.3958.6455.8839.50.823519861314.2912.31285.7914.11142.2782.81247.4869.7825.80.852919871341.9841.21432.9945.81414.5917.61396.4901.5744.10.88241988853438.1780.7370884.7501839.5436.4714.10.91181989734.6473.3728.3485.4677.6424.5713.5461.1713.50.94121990974.24771005.9511.71016.5533.1998.9507.3496.80.97062．各種保證率代表年的選擇對(duì)年雨量排序數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率進(jìn)行頻率適線，確定平均值，cv和cs值，然后由代表年的頻率在頻率曲線上查讀代表年的雨量，從實(shí)際系列中挑選出年雨量比較接近的年份，選出對(duì)工程偏不利的年份作為代表年。在年雨量接近的情況下，雨量過(guò)分集中（汛期雨量偏大）的年份對(duì)水資源的存蓄和供給不利，可考慮作為代表年。過(guò)程如下：將平均年雨量數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率保存在txt文檔中，保存格式如下：序號(hào)系列值頻率………將文件導(dǎo)入已經(jīng)編制好的程序中，進(jìn)行參數(shù)估計(jì)和最終曲線擬合。截圖如下：輸出的計(jì)算結(jié)果如下：樣本均值Ex=987.81變差系數(shù)Cv=0.21偏態(tài)系數(shù)Cs=0.42倍比系數(shù)Cs/Cv=2經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率計(jì)算值 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)頻率曲線設(shè)計(jì)值 序號(hào) 流量(m3/s)頻率(%) 頻率(%) 設(shè)計(jì)值1 1443.1 2.94 0.001 2131.932 1396.4 5.88 0.011950.683 1247.4 8.82 0.0333 1850.44 1243.5 11.76 0.05 1815.435 1236.4 14.71 0.1 1754.316 1159.5 17.65 0.2 1691.047 1089.2 20.59 0.3333 1642.818 1076.6 23.53 0.5 1603.389 1050 26.47 1 1533.2810 1047.6 29.41 2 1458.9711 1044.7 32.35 3.3333 1400.7712 1023 35.29 5 1351.9413 1013.838.24 10 1261.2314 1002.9 41.18 20 1156.8415 1002 44.12 25 1118.7216 999 47.06 30 1085.217 998.9 50 40 1026.3718 978.6 52.94 50 973.3319 959.5 55.88 60 922.1520 958.6 58.82 70 869.4321 947.4 61.76 75 841.1322 946.7 64.71 80 810.3623 898.5 67.65 85 775.4624 895 70.59 90 733.0325 882.8 73.53 95673.126 866.6 76.47 97 636.0327 856.2 79.41 99 569.9428 839.5 82.35 99.9 468.0529 825.8 85.29 99.99 394.4530 744.1 88.24 99.999 337.6431 714.1 91.1832 713.5 94.1233 496.8 97.06平水年頻率為50%，設(shè)計(jì)值為973.33，根據(jù)代表年選取原則，選擇1972年作為平水年。中等干旱年頻率為75%，設(shè)計(jì)值為841.13，選擇1958年作為中等干旱年。特殊干旱年頻率為95%，選擇1989年作為特殊干旱年。水資源總量評(píng)價(jià)（均以仇集大澗片作為代表片進(jìn)行計(jì)算）當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭Y源為減少計(jì)算工作量，本設(shè)計(jì)中該縣各片不同代表年當(dāng)?shù)氐乇韽搅髁靠芍苯硬捎靡呀?jīng)給出的計(jì)算結(jié)果。其中，6-9月為汛期，汛期按旬計(jì)算，即需將汛期候的徑流相加轉(zhuǎn)成相應(yīng)旬的徑流量。其余月份的計(jì)算時(shí)段單位則為月。地表水資源量計(jì)算表格：月份日期仇集大澗片現(xiàn)狀年p=50%p=75%p=95%13.314.3002244.3042.420.9390.529.740.81.1489.8243.2005128.5143.4558.8061~5022.3006~10020.1141.70上旬042.4141.7011~1500102.9016~2033.211614.6222.7中旬33.2116117.5222.721~2532.693.960.1129.626~30126.9062.28.8下旬159.593.9122.3138.471~595.9125.420306~100136.300上旬95.9261.7203011~1552256.2376.3287.316~20128.7137.70388.6中旬133.72393.9376.3675.921~250615.61576.1026~3077.20162.33.5下旬77.2615.61738.43.581~52028.3001.56~1041.80020.4上旬2070.10021.911~1572.1250.40220.716~20525.6046.1中旬77.12760266.821~25042.9121.4026~30029122.60下旬071.9244091~50308.485.106~1089.218.6101.5159.1上旬89.2327186.6159.111~1514.4296.641.3016~20062.702.7中旬14.4359.341.32.721~2536111.310.6026~3021.3000下旬57.3111.310.6010058.614074.711807.676.3439.1112.51200010.5總和4171.65134.53902.81710.7過(guò)境水經(jīng)推算，仇集大澗片平水年、枯水年和特枯年匯流量分別為5341.0、4073.7、1779.7萬(wàn)m3，其現(xiàn)狀水平年境外匯流量為4219.9萬(wàn)m3。過(guò)境水計(jì)算公式為：W(i,j,過(guò)境)=W（i,過(guò)境）*W(i,j,當(dāng)?shù)?/W(i,當(dāng)?shù)?W(i,j,過(guò)境)為某代表年i過(guò)境水量（i代表平水年、一般干旱年或特別枯水年，下同（萬(wàn)m3）；W(i,j,過(guò)境)為某代表年i第j個(gè)月過(guò)境水量（萬(wàn)m3）；W(i,當(dāng)?shù)?為某代表年i當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭Y源量（萬(wàn)m3）；W(i,j,當(dāng)?shù)?為某代表年i第j個(gè)月當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭Y源量（萬(wàn)m3）。計(jì)算表格為：月份日期仇集大澗片地表水量過(guò)境水量分配表現(xiàn)狀年p=50%p=75%p=95%現(xiàn)狀年p=50%p=75%p=95%13.314.3003.3414.88002244.3042.420.9247.13044.2621.74390.529.740.81.191.5530.8942.5941.14489.8243.20090.84252.98005128.5143.4558.80129.99149.17583.27061~5022.300023.20006~10020.1141.70020.91147.900上旬1~10042.4141.70044.11147.90011~1500102.9000107.41016~2033.211614.6222.733.58120.6715.24231.70中旬16~2033.2116117.5222.733.58120.67122.65231.7021~2532.693.960.1129.632.9897.6862.73134.8426~30126.9062.28.8128.37064.929.16下旬159.593.9122.3138.4161.3597.68127.66143.9971~595.9125.4203097.01130.44211.8906~100136.3000141.7800上旬95.9261.7203097.01272.23211.89011~1552256.2376.3287.35.062346.94392.78298.9116~20128.7137.70388.6130.19143.240404.30中旬133.72393.9376.3675.9135.252490.18392.78703.20821~250615.61576.100640.361645.12026~3077.20162.33.578.090169.413.64下旬77.2615.61738.43.578.09640.361814.523.6481~52028.3001.52051.78001.566~1041.80020.442.280021.22上旬2070.10021.92094.070022.7811~1572.1250.40220.772.93260.470229.6216~20525.6046.15.0626.63047.96中旬77.12760266.877.99287.100277.5821~25042.9121.40044.63126.72026~30029122.60030.17127.970下旬071.92440074.797254.687091~50308.485.100320.80788.8306~1089.218.6101.5159.190.2319.35105.94165.53上旬89.2327186.6159.190.23340.15194.77165.5311~1514.4296.641.3014.57308.5343.11016~20062.702.7065.2202.81中旬14.4359.341.32.714.57373.7543.112.8121~2536111.310.6036.42115.7811.06026~3021.300021.55000下旬57.3111.310.6057.96115.7811.06010058.614074.7060.96146.1377.7211807.676.3439.1112.5816.9579.4140.81117.041200010.500010.92總和4171.65134.53902.81710.74219.953414073.71779.7地下水該縣地下水儲(chǔ)蓄量約26.09億m3，本次分析的評(píng)價(jià)量以補(bǔ)給量為算。補(bǔ)給量包括天然補(bǔ)給量、開(kāi)采補(bǔ)給量和人工補(bǔ)給量三部分。為避免水資源總量的重復(fù)計(jì)算，補(bǔ)給量只計(jì)算天然降雨入滲補(bǔ)給量。大氣降雨入滲補(bǔ)給量按下式計(jì)算：Wf＝0.1*P*a*F式中：Wf――大氣降雨入滲補(bǔ)給量，萬(wàn)m3/年；P――年降雨量，mm；a――年降雨入滲系數(shù)，本設(shè)計(jì)山丘區(qū)為0.05，平原區(qū)為0.1；F――計(jì)算區(qū)面積，km2。該片代表年型的年降雨量統(tǒng)計(jì)表單位：mm片名現(xiàn)狀水平年平水年枯水年特殊干旱年仇集大澗922.3989.3898.1624.5根據(jù)公式進(jìn)行地下水資源量的計(jì)算，計(jì)算表格為：現(xiàn)狀年p=50%p=75%p=90%降雨922.3989.3898.1624.5山丘區(qū)平原區(qū)山丘區(qū)平原區(qū)山丘區(qū)平原區(qū)山丘區(qū)平原區(qū)面積111.073.8111.073.8111.073.8111.073.8地下水511.9680.7549.1730.1498.4662.8346.6460.9總地下水1192.51279.21161.2807.5水資源總量的評(píng)價(jià)水資源總量=當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭Y源量+過(guò)境水+地下水水量計(jì)算表格如下：現(xiàn)狀年p=50%p=75%p=95%地表水量4171.65134.543902.81710.7過(guò)境水量4219.905341.004073.701779.70地下水1192.51279.21161.2807.5年總水量958411754.749137.74297.9需水計(jì)算匯總成果生活用水城鎮(zhèn)居民生活用水包括三部分：家庭生活用水、社會(huì)生活用水和其它用水。其計(jì)算公式為：式中，為某水平年城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)村生活用水量（萬(wàn)m3）；為某水平年人口（萬(wàn)人）；為擬定的某水平年人均綜合用水定額（m3/人.年）。求出該縣年總用水量之后，各片生活用水量分配可參考各片行政面積占該縣縣行政面積的比例進(jìn)行分割。由于缺少資料，同時(shí)由于生活用水各月相差不大，可取各月相等，即按照下式計(jì)算各月生活需水量。汛期各旬生活需水量為月需水量的1/3。式中，為預(yù)測(cè)的某水平年城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)村生活用水量（萬(wàn)m3）；為預(yù)測(cè)的某水平年第j月城市或農(nóng)村生活用水量（萬(wàn)m3）。為了便于計(jì)算，本次直接綜合三部分的用水定額。1990年城鎮(zhèn)居民生活用水定額為150l/（人·日），城鎮(zhèn)居民人口按照非農(nóng)業(yè)人計(jì)算。農(nóng)村家庭生活設(shè)施水平較低，用水定額取50l/（人·日）；牲畜按分類定額計(jì)算，用水608.99萬(wàn)m3。生活用水計(jì)算表格：生活用水(整個(gè)區(qū)域)仇集大澗片城鎮(zhèn)用水農(nóng)村用水牲畜城鎮(zhèn)用水農(nóng)村用水牲畜總量數(shù)量（萬(wàn)）6.861.6定額(l/(人日))150.050.0用水量（萬(wàn)m^3）370.71123.7609.027.984.645.8158.3每月用水量30.993.650.72.37.03.813.2汛期每旬用水量10.331.216.90.82.31.34.4工業(yè)用水該縣工業(yè)需水計(jì)算方法采用定額法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，即根據(jù)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值和用水定額求出全縣的工業(yè)需水。見(jiàn)公式（1－7）。假設(shè)縣內(nèi)各片工業(yè)分布基本均勻，故各片工業(yè)用水量分配可參考各片行政面積占該縣行政面積的比例進(jìn)行分割。定額法考慮工業(yè)產(chǎn)值和萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值用水量情況，該縣縣工業(yè)需水量計(jì)算公式為：式中，、分別為工業(yè)年用水量和某片工業(yè)年需水量（萬(wàn)m3）；為萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值用水量（m3/萬(wàn)元）； 為工業(yè)產(chǎn)值（億元）；為某片行政面積（km2）；為該縣縣行政面積（km2）。根據(jù)登記調(diào)查，1990年該縣工業(yè)用水量為716.6萬(wàn)m3，萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值需水定額為162.5m3/萬(wàn)元；考慮今后工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，采用200m3/萬(wàn)元。由于缺少資料，本設(shè)計(jì)中各片工業(yè)需水的年內(nèi)分配系數(shù)采用各月相等的辦法進(jìn)行。汛期工業(yè)需水平均分配到各旬。工業(yè)用水量計(jì)算表格：工業(yè)用水仇集大澗片工業(yè)產(chǎn)值（億元）6.0萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值用水量（立米/萬(wàn)元）200.0工業(yè)用水量（萬(wàn)立米）1200.090.3每月工業(yè)用水量100.07.5汛期每旬工業(yè)用水量33.32.5農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水灌溉用水量是指作物生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)天然降水不能滿足需要而必須由水利工程提供的水量。本次設(shè)計(jì)中，根據(jù)水量平衡原理并結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況，制定水稻和旱作物兩種類型的灌溉制度，再根據(jù)灌溉面積，渠系水利用系數(shù)計(jì)算其需水量。（1）、水稻的灌溉制度水稻的生長(zhǎng)期可分為秧田期、泡田期和大田期，因其各具特點(diǎn)，故按三個(gè)時(shí)期進(jìn)行分析。①秧田期秧田期計(jì)算采用下列公式近似估算M秧＝0.667（S1+E需1－P1）/10式中，M秧為秧田期灌水定額（m3/畝）； S1為秧田期滲漏量，取值為2mm/日； E需1為秧田期田間需水量（mm），取值為300～420mm； P1為秧田期降雨量（mm），見(jiàn)附表3。本次計(jì)算秧田期取30—40天。不同代表年秧田期的需水量計(jì)算表格如下：②泡田期泡田期定額由下列公式估算M泡＝0.667a＋0.667(S2＋E需2－P2)式中，M泡為泡田期灌水定額（m3/畝）； a為插秧時(shí)所需水層深度，取值為50mm；S2為泡田期滲漏量，取值為2mm/日； E需2為泡田期田間需水量（mm），取3.3mm/天； P2為泡田期降雨量（mm）。本次設(shè)計(jì)泡田期取10天左右。本次計(jì)算中采取秧田期為四月下旬到五月上中旬，泡田期為五月下旬。不同代表年的秧田期和泡田期需水計(jì)算表格如下：現(xiàn)狀年秧田期泡田期降雨量(mm)9224.6滲漏量(mm)6020需水量(mm)40033插秧時(shí)所需水層深度50灌水定額(立米/畝)24.5552.29p=50%秧田期（四月下旬和五月上中旬）泡田期(五月下旬)降雨量(mm)91.20滲漏量(mm)6020需水量(mm)40033插秧時(shí)所需水層深度50灌水定額(立米/畝)24.6068.70p=75%秧田期（四月下旬和五月上中旬）泡田期(五月下旬)降雨量(mm)107.839.6滲漏量(mm)6020需水量(mm)40033插秧時(shí)所需水層深度50灌水定額(立米/畝)23.4942.29p=95%秧田期（四月下旬和五月上中旬）泡田期(五月下旬)降雨量(mm)10.111.8滲漏量(mm)6020需水量(mm)40033插秧時(shí)所需水層深度50灌水定額(立米/畝)30.0160.83③．大田期大田期計(jì)算按照水量平衡方程逐日進(jìn)行計(jì)算。 h2=h1＋P＋m－E－C式中，h1、h2分別為時(shí)段初、末的水層深度（mm）；P為時(shí)段內(nèi)降雨量（mm）；C為時(shí)段內(nèi)排水深（mm）；m為時(shí)段內(nèi)灌水深（mm）；E為時(shí)段內(nèi)田間耗水量（mm）。大田期需水量計(jì)算時(shí)段汛期取旬，非汛期取月。表7中各片耗水量為逐日數(shù)據(jù)，逐日耗水量乘以相應(yīng)計(jì)算時(shí)段的日數(shù)即為時(shí)段內(nèi)田間耗水量E。本次計(jì)算中采用初始水深為10mm,即h1=10mm.不同代表年的計(jì)算結(jié)果如下：現(xiàn)狀年六月份七月份八月份九月份上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬現(xiàn)狀逐日田間耗水量11.039.167.4910.129.599.797.747.869.196.5475.79現(xiàn)狀旬田間耗水量110.391.674.9101.295.997.977.478.691.965.47057.9降雨量4.23538.626.746.129.216521.57.247.31.937.8h2-96.1-51.6-16.3-54.5-29.8-39117.632.9-52-8.1-58.1-10灌水深101.171.636.374.559.868.761.818.168.110.1排水深27.6P=50%時(shí)的計(jì)算表格：六月份七月份八月份九月份上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬逐日田間耗水量9.2310.527.425.79.298.5610.498.497.626.244.965.99旬田間耗水量92.3105.274.25792.985.6104.984.976.262.449.659.9降雨量44.443.820.958.5175.152.43.162.430.757.542.121.4h2-37.9-56.4-33.321.5103.756.8-457.5-35.55.12.5-28.5灌水深42.976.453.3752.545.54.97.528.5排水深13.7P=75%時(shí)的計(jì)算表格：六月份七月份八月份九月份上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬逐日田間耗水量10.26.615.912.9610.437.358.957.537.896.366.547.36旬田間耗水量10266.159129.6104.373.589.575.378.963.665.473.6降雨量45.922.64240.555.4141012.662.646.710.314.8h2-46.1-393.1-69.1-28.997.80.5-32.7-6.3-6.9-45-49灌水深51.158.51789.158.929.542.716.316.955.148.8排水深7.8P=95%時(shí)的計(jì)算表格：六月份七月份八月份九月份上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬上旬中旬下旬逐日田間耗水量11.7110.69.514.966.9598.878.159.558.196.966.71旬田間耗水量117.110695149.669.59088.781.595.581.969.667.1降雨量15.158.6333.7104.77.6401.958.74.406.7h2-92-42-42-12655.2-27-19-49.6-27-67.5-60-50灌水深9762.362145.957.248.759.636.877.569.650.4排水深（2）.旱作物的灌溉制度據(jù)調(diào)查，該縣現(xiàn)狀年沒(méi)有灌水?？紤]實(shí)際情況，本次直接采用淮陰市統(tǒng)一制定的旱作物灌溉定額的1/3。旱作物灌溉定額表格如下：代表年灌水時(shí)間灌水定額灌溉定額旱作物灌溉定額合計(jì)灌溉定額現(xiàn)狀年00P=50%11月156053月1554月1555月15520P=75%11月157553月1554月1555月301025P=95%10月20956.6711月1553月1554月1555月301031.67（3）.灌溉水量現(xiàn)狀年的灌溉水量：現(xiàn)狀年萬(wàn)m^3(水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝,旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉秧田期泡田期大田期水稻灌溉毛灌溉旱作物總灌溉水量1月00002月00003月00004月43.7143.7162.44062.445月87.42279.37366.80523.990523.996月上旬360.10360.10514.430514.43中旬255.03255.03364.320364.32下旬129.29129.29184.710184.71七月上旬265.36265.36379.080379.08中旬213.00213.00304.280304.28下旬244.70244.70349.570349.57八月上旬0.000.000.0000.00中旬0.000.000.0000.00下旬220.12220.12314.460314.46九月上旬64.4764.4792.10092.10中旬242.56242.56346.520346.52下旬35.9735.9751.39051.39十月0.000.0000.00十一月0.000.0000.00十二月0.000.0000.00P=50%的灌溉水量：p=50%萬(wàn)m^3(水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝,旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉秧田期泡田期大田期水稻灌溉毛灌溉旱作物總灌溉水量1月0.000.000.002月0.000.000.003月0.000.0026.7126.714月44.5044.5063.5726.7190.295月89.00367.03456.04651.4826.71678.196月上旬152.80152.80218.29218.29中旬272.12272.12388.75388.75下旬189.85189.85271.21271.21七月上旬0.000.000.000.00中旬0.000.000.000.00下旬0.000.000.000.00八月上旬267.14267.14381.62381.62中旬8.908.9012.7212.72下旬162.06162.06231.52231.52九月上旬17.4517.4524.9324.93中旬26.7126.7138.1638.16下旬101.51101.51145.02145.02十月0.000.000.00十一月0.000.0026.7126.71十二月0.000.000.00P=75%的灌溉水量：p=75%萬(wàn)m^3(水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝,旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉秧田期泡田期大田期水稻灌溉毛灌溉旱作物總灌溉水量1月0.000.000.002月0.000.000.003月0.000.0026.7126.714月41.8341.8359.7626.7186.485月83.67225.92309.59442.2753.42495.706月上旬182.01182.01260.01260.01中旬208.37208.37297.67297.67下旬60.1960.1985.9985.99七月上旬317.36317.36453.37453.37中旬209.79209.79299.70299.70下旬0.000.000.000.00八月上旬105.07105.07150.11150.11中旬152.09152.09217.27217.27下旬58.0658.0682.9482.94九月上旬60.1960.1985.9985.99中旬196.26196.26280.37280.37下旬173.82173.82248.31248.31十月0.000.000.00十一月0.000.0026.7126.71十二月0.000.000.00P=95%的灌溉水量：p=95%萬(wàn)m^3(水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝,旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉秧田期泡田期大田期水稻灌溉毛灌溉旱作物總灌溉水量1月0.000.002月0.000.003月0.0026.7126.714月53.440.0026.7126.715月106.88324.980.0053.4253.426月上旬97.00345.50493.57493.57中旬62.30221.90317.00317.00下旬61.90220.48314.97314.97七月上旬145.90519.67742.39742.39中旬0.000.000.00下旬57.20203.74291.05291.05八月上旬48.70173.46247.80247.80中旬59.60212.28303.26303.26下旬36.80131.08187.25187.25九月上旬77.50276.04394.35394.35中旬69.60247.90354.15354.15下旬50.40179.52256.45256.45十月0.0035.6235.62十一月0.0026.7126.71十二月0.000.00（4）需水量需水量為生活用水，工業(yè)用水和灌溉用水之和。現(xiàn)狀年單位:萬(wàn)m^3用水調(diào)查分析生活用水工業(yè)用水灌溉用水總用水1月13.197.530.0020.722月13.197.530.0020.723月13.197.530.0020.724月13.197.5362.4483.165月13.197.53523.99544.716月上旬4.402.51514.43521.34中旬4.402.51364.32371.23下旬4.402.51184.71191.61七月上旬4.402.51379.08385.99中旬4.402.51304.28311.19下旬4.402.51349.57356.47八月上旬4.402.510.006.91中旬4.402.510.006.91下旬4.402.51314.46321.36九月上旬4.402.5192.1099.00中旬4.402.51346.52353.42下旬4.402.5151.3958.30十月13.197.530.0020.72十一月13.197.530.0020.72十二月13.197.530.0020.72P=50%時(shí)的需水量：p=50%單位:萬(wàn)m^3用水調(diào)查分析生活用水工業(yè)用水灌溉用水總用水1月13.197.530.0020.722月13.197.530.0020.723月13.197.5326.7147.434月13.197.5390.29111.005月13.197.53678.19698.916月上旬4.402.51218.29225.19中旬4.402.51388.75395.65下旬4.402.51271.21278.11七月上旬4.402.510.006.91中旬4.402.510.006.91下旬4.402.510.006.91八月上旬4.402.51381.62388.53中旬4.402.5112.7219.63下旬4.402.51231.52238.42九月上旬4.402.5124.9331.84中旬4.402.5138.1645.07下旬4.402.51145.02151.92十月13.197.530.0020.72十一月13.197.5326.7147.43十二月13.197.530.0020.72P=75%時(shí)的需水量：p=75%單位:萬(wàn)m^3用水調(diào)查分析生活用水工業(yè)用水灌溉用水總用水1月13.197.530.0020.722月13.197.530.0020.723月13.197.5326.7147.434月13.197.5386.48107.195月13.197.53495.70516.416月上旬4.402.51260.01266.92中旬4.402.51297.67304.57下旬4.402.5185.9992.90七月上旬4.402.51453.37460.28中旬4.402.51299.70306.61下旬4.402.510.006.91八月上旬4.402.51150.11157.01中旬4.402.51217.27224.18下旬4.402.5182.9489.85九月上旬4.402.5185.9992.90中旬4.402.51280.37287.27下旬4.402.51248.31255.22十月13.197.530.0020.72十一月13.197.5326.7147.43十二月13.197.530.0020.72P=95%時(shí)的需水量：p=95%單位:萬(wàn)m^3用水調(diào)查分析生活用水工業(yè)用水灌溉用水總用水1月13.197.530.0020.722月13.197.530.0020.723月13.197.5326.7147.434月13.197.5326.7147.435月13.197.5353.4274.146月上旬4.402.51493.57500.47中旬4.402.51317.00323.91下旬4.402.51314.97321.87七月上旬4.402.51742.39749.29中旬4.402.510.006.91下旬4.402.51291.05297.96八月上旬4.402.51247.80254.71中旬4.402.51303.26310.17下旬4.402.51187.25194.16九月上旬4.402.51394.35401.25中旬4.402.51354.15361.05下旬4.402.51256.45263.36十月13.197.5335.6256.33十一月13.197.5326.7147.43十二月13.197.530.0020.72可供水量計(jì)算以及各代表年的供需預(yù)測(cè)1.可供水量可供水量是指在不同的頻率或保證頻率以下，為滿足不同水平年的需水要求，工程設(shè)施可提供的水量。從可供水量的定義出發(fā)，影響可供水量大小的因素有：來(lái)水條件、用水條件、水質(zhì)條件和工程條件。其中，“不同頻率”反映來(lái)水的豐、平、枯情況；工程的棄水和不能為用戶所利用的水量不算“工程可提供的水量”，沒(méi)有通過(guò)工程設(shè)施，為用戶直接利用的水（如降水直接于農(nóng)田）不算可供水量。本設(shè)計(jì)中，選擇計(jì)算不同代表年的來(lái)水，計(jì)算可供水量的大小。對(duì)于引、提水工程，可供水量的計(jì)算公式為：（1－11）式中，、、、分別為t時(shí)段工程的可供水量、來(lái)水量、需水量和工程的供水能力（萬(wàn)m3）。對(duì)于蓄水工程，除考慮時(shí)段t的來(lái)水、需水條件外，則要考慮水庫(kù)蓄水量的大小，即水庫(kù)或塘壩的調(diào)蓄作用。2.用水次序可利用水資源包括三部分：當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭衫盟Y源量、過(guò)境水可利用量和地下水資源可利用量。本次評(píng)價(jià)中，地下水資源可利用量只計(jì)算現(xiàn)狀水平年的實(shí)際開(kāi)采量，即1990年的實(shí)際開(kāi)采量。用水次序?yàn)椋海?）當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源可利用量小于需水量時(shí)，可由上時(shí)段水庫(kù)及塘壩參與平衡，不足水量由過(guò)境水補(bǔ)充。（3）地下水資源作為備用水源，只有當(dāng)?shù)乇硭Y源量不足時(shí)，才考慮開(kāi)采地下水，且開(kāi)采時(shí)應(yīng)注意不要超地下水的可利用量。3.水資源供需平衡（1）先用當(dāng)?shù)氐乇硭Y源量，當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源可利用量大于用水量時(shí)，多余水由水庫(kù)和塘壩進(jìn)行調(diào)蓄。計(jì)算時(shí)段初水庫(kù)及塘壩有效庫(kù)容可假設(shè)為相應(yīng)興利庫(kù)容的一半。平衡方法：(1)、非汛期按月平衡，汛期按旬平衡。（2）、片與片之間余缺水量不做進(jìn)一步調(diào)整。（3）、余缺程度評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，采用代表年總余缺水量小于總用水量的10％，作為供需平衡片?，F(xiàn)狀年的供需預(yù)測(cè)表格為：(w1為水庫(kù)起始蓄水量,w2為水庫(kù)時(shí)段末蓄水量,q為提水流量)時(shí)段需水量來(lái)水w1w2過(guò)境水量提水能力井水井水供水能力可供水量水庫(kù)供水提水地下水缺水率一月20.723.3332.5315.083.34134.781192.521.420.7217.42000.00%二月20.72244.3315.08538.66247.13134.781192.521.420.720000.00%三月20.7290.5538.67608.4591.55134.781192.521.420.720000.00%四月83.1689.8608.45615.0990.84134.781192.521.483.160000.00%五月544.71128.5615.09198.88129.99134.781192.521.4544.71416.21000.00%六月上旬521.3433.2198.880044.931192.521.4253.48198.88021.451.38%中旬371.2333.20033.5844.931171.121.488.18033.5821.476.25%下旬191.61159.500161.3544.931171.121.4191.61032.1100七月上旬385.9995.90097.0144.931149.721.4162.23044.9321.457.97%中旬311.19133.700135.2544.931128.321.4200.03044.9321.435.72%下旬356.4777.20078.0944.931106.921.4143.53044.9321.459.74%八月上旬6.912070.106652094.0744.931106.921.46.910000中旬6.9177.166566577.9944.931106.921.46.910000下旬321.360665343.64044.931106.921.4321.36321.36000九月上旬9989.2343.64333.8490.2344.931106.921.4990.8000中旬353.4214.4333.83014.5744.931106.921.4339.02333.835.1904.08%下旬58.357.30057.9644.931106.921.458.30100十月20.720000134.781106.921.420.720020.720十一月20.72807.60665816.95134.781106.921.420.720000十二月20.720665644.280134.781106.921.420.7220.72000匯總3735.922622.7529.80%平水年的供需預(yù)測(cè)表格為:(p=50%)時(shí)段需水量來(lái)水w1w2過(guò)境水量提水能力井水井水供水能力可供水量水庫(kù)供水提水地下水缺水率一月20.7214.3332.5326.0814.88134.781279.221.420.726.42000.00%二月20.720326.08305.370134.781279.221.420.7220.72000.00%三月47.4329.7305.37287.6430.89134.781279.221.447.4347.43000.00%四月111243.2287.64419.84252.98134.781279.221.4111000.00%五月698.91143.4419.840149.17134.781279.221.4698.02419.84134.780.890.13%六月上旬225.1942.40044.1144.931278.3121.4107.91044.1121.452.08%中旬395.6511600120.6744.931256.9121.4182.33044.9321.453.92%下旬278.1193.90097.6844.931235.5121.4160.23044.9321.442.39%七月上旬6.91261.70254.79272.2344.931214.1121.46.910000.00%中旬6.912393.9254.796652490.1844.931214.1121.46.910000.00%下旬6.91615.6665665640.3644.931214.1121.46.910000.00%八月上旬388.530665276.47044.931214.1121.4388.53388.53000.00%中旬19.63276276.47532.84287.144.931214.1121.419.630000.00%下旬238.4271.9532.84366.3274.79744.931214.1121.4238.42166.52000.00%九月上旬31.84327366.32661.48340.1544.931214.1121.431.840000.00%中旬45.07359.3661.48665373.7544.931214.1121.445.070000.00%下旬151.92111.3665624.38115.7844.931214.1121.4151.9240.62000.00%十月20.7258.6624.38662.2660.96134.781214.1121.420.720000.00%十一月47.4376.34662.2666579.41134.781214.1121.447.430000.00%十二月20.720665644.280134.781214.1121.420.7220.72000.00%匯總2782.742333.3716.15%中等干旱年的供需預(yù)測(cè)表格為:(p=75%)時(shí)段需水量來(lái)水w1w2過(guò)境水量提水能力井水井水供水能力可供水量水庫(kù)供水提水地下水缺水率一月20.720332.5311.780134.781161.221.420.7220.72000.00%二月20.7242.4311.78333.4744.26134.781161.221.420.720000.00%三月47.4340.8333.47326.8442.594134.781161.221.447.436.63000.00%四月107.190326.84219.650134.781161.221.4107.19107.19000.00%五月516.41558.8219.65262.03583.27134.781161.221.4516.410000.00%六月上旬266.920262.030147.944.931161.221.4266.92262.034.8900.00%中旬304.57141.700122.6544.931139.821.4208.03044.9321.431.70%下旬92.9117.5024.6127.6644.931139.821.492.90000.00%七月上旬460.28122.324.60211.8944.931118.421.4213.2324.644.9321.453.67%中旬306.6120300392.7844.93109721.4269.33044.9321.412.16%下旬6.91376.30369.391814.5244.93109721.46.910000.00%八月上旬157.011738.4369.39665044.93109721.4157.010000.00%中旬224.180665440.82044.93109721.4224.18224.18000.00%下旬89.850440.82350.98254.68744.93109721.489.8589.85000.00%九月上旬92.9244350.98502.08194.7744.93109721.492.90000.00%中旬287.27186.6502.08401.4143.1144.93109721.4287.27100.67000.00%下旬255.2241.3401.41187.4911.0644.93109721.4255.22213.92000.00%十月20.7210.6187.49177.38146.13134.78109721.420.7210.12000.00%十一月47.43140177.38269.9540.81134.78109721.447.430000.00%十二月20.7239.1269.95288.330134.78109721.420.720000.00%匯總3345.962965.0511.38%特殊干旱年的供需預(yù)測(cè)表格為:(p=75%)時(shí)段需水量來(lái)水w1w2過(guò)境水量提水能力井水井水供水能力可供水量水庫(kù)供水提水地下水缺水率一月20.720332.5311.780134.78807.521.420.7220.72000.00%二月20.7220.9311.78311.9721.74134.78807.521.420.720000.00%三月47.431.1311.97265.641.14134.78807.521.447.4346.33000.00%四月47.430265.64218.210134.78807.521.447.4347.43000.00%五月74.140218.21144.070134.78807.521.474.1474.14000.00%六月上旬500.470144.070044.93807.521.4165.47144.07021.466.94%中旬323.91222.700231.744.93786.121.4289.03044.9321.410.77%下旬321.87138.400143.9944.93764.721.4204.73044.9321.436.39%七月上旬749.29000044.93743.321.421.40021.497.14%中旬6.91675.90665703.20844.93721.921.46.910000.00%下旬297.963.5665370.543.6444.93721.921.4297.96294.46000.00%八月上旬254.7121.9370.54137.7422.7844.93721.921.4254.71232.81000.00%中旬310.17266.8137.7494.37277.5844.93721.921.4310.1743.37000.00%下旬194.16094.370044.93721.921.4115.7794.37021.440.37%九月上旬401.25159.100165.5344.93700.521.4225.43044.9321.443.82%中旬361.052.7002.8144.93679.121.426.9102.8121.492.55%下旬263.36000044.93657.721.421.40021.491.87%十月56.3374.7018.3777.72134.78636.321.456.330000.00%十一月47.43112.518.3783.44117.04134.78636.321.447.430000.00%十二月20.7210.583.4473.2210.92134.78636.321.420.7210.22000.00%匯總4320.032274.8147.34%五.2000年供需預(yù)測(cè)1、用水量預(yù)測(cè)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水量預(yù)測(cè)：2000年該縣耕地面積不變。取用現(xiàn)狀水平年的凈灌溉定額參加計(jì)算，渠系水利用系數(shù)是原來(lái)的1.4倍。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，到2000年城鎮(zhèn)人口為7.26萬(wàn)人，農(nóng)村人口為66.0萬(wàn)人，用水定額按1.5％的年增長(zhǎng)速度推算，2000年城鄉(xiāng)用水定額分別為174l/人·日和58l/人·日。2000年農(nóng)村牲畜用水，主要仍是豬、牛、羊的用水。根據(jù)規(guī)劃和可能預(yù)測(cè)，2000年豬、水牛、黃牛、羊的飼養(yǎng)量將分別達(dá)到43.5萬(wàn)頭、70368頭、18543頭、12.96萬(wàn)只，用水定額仍分別取50l/頭·日，60l/頭·日，20l/頭·日和10l/頭·日。到2000年，該縣的工業(yè)產(chǎn)值將由1990年的6.0億元上升到15.5億元，萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值耗水量按現(xiàn)狀計(jì)算。2、供水量預(yù)測(cè)2000年，該縣下墊面不會(huì)有太大變化，因而水資源總量和當(dāng)?shù)氐乇砜衫昧坎涣碜饔?jì)算。由于用水量的變化，供水工程的增加和地下水的開(kāi)發(fā)利用，可供水量為1990年各年型的1.05倍。用水量預(yù)測(cè)表格為:農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水量表格為:2000年萬(wàn)m^3(水田面積70.99萬(wàn)畝,旱地面積42.32萬(wàn)畝)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水秧田期泡田期大田期水稻灌溉水量毛灌溉水量旱作物灌溉總灌溉水量1月0.000.000.000.002月0.000.000.000.003月0.000.000.000.004月43.7143.7144.600.0044.605月87.42279.37366.80374.280.00374.286月上旬360.10360.10367.450.00367.45中旬255.03255.03260.230.00260.23下旬129.29129.29131.930.00131.93七月上旬265.36265.36270.770.00270.77中旬213.00213.00217.340.00217.34下旬244.70244.70249.690.00249.69八月上旬0.000.000.000.000.00中旬0.000.000.000.000.00下旬220.12220.12224.610.00224.61九月上旬64.4764.4765.780.0065.78中旬242.56242.56247.510.00247.51下旬35.9735.9736.710.0036.71十月0.000.000.0