備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語 閱讀理解 文體分類練6　議論文（含解析）

文體分類練(六)議論文Passage1(2024福建漳州三模)主題:氣候變化對體型的影響詞數(shù):321難度:★★★☆☆Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apaleontologistattheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleassimilartothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,andwehavegotheating,justaswehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了氣候變化對哺乳動(dòng)物尤其是人類的體型的影響。1.HowdomammalscopewithclimatechangeaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Movingtocolderregions.B.Reducingtheirbodysize.C.Losingtheirweight.D.Adaptingtheirdiet.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.”及第四段中“Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas‘a(chǎn)commonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange’.”可知,根據(jù)Brusatte的說法,哺乳動(dòng)物減小體型來應(yīng)對氣候變化。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipation”inparagraph3mean?A.Exchange.B.Formation.C.Absorption.D.Emission.答案D解析詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.”和畫線詞所在句中“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimals”可知,體型較小的動(dòng)物比體型較大的動(dòng)物更容易散熱,從而推知畫線單詞意思是“散發(fā)”。3.WhatisAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A.Worried. B.Objective.C.Skeptical. D.Approving.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.”以及“Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.”等內(nèi)容可知,AdrianLister對最近的研究持懷疑態(tài)度。4.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.TheThreatofClimateChangetoHumanSurvivalB.TheImpactofClimateChangeonMammalBodySizesC.TheEvolutionaryTrendsinMammalBodySizesD.TheAdaptiveStrategiesofMammalstoClimateChange答案B解析主旨大意題。本文探討了氣候變化對哺乳動(dòng)物尤其是人類的體型的影響。B項(xiàng)“氣候變化對哺乳動(dòng)物體型的影響”符合主題。Passage2(2024廣東韶關(guān)二模)主題:對生活的看法詞數(shù):314難度:★★★☆☆I(lǐng)slifeastoryoragame?Answersmayvaryfromonetoanother.Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.WillStorr,awriterwhoseworkIadmire,saysthisstoryversionoflifeisamisunderstanding.InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.“Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.”Lifeisaseriesofgames,headds.There’sthehighschoolgameofcompetingtobethepopularkid.Thelawyergametomakepartner.Thefinancegametomakethemostmoney.Theacademicgameforfame.Thesportsgametoshowthatourteamisthebest.Evenwhenwearetryingtodogood,Storrclaims,we’replayingthe“virtuegame”toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.Thestatus-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact,gamingasawayoflifeisimmature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn’treallynourishus.It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I’dhavetotellyouastory.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。生活是一個(gè)故事還是一場游戲?作家WillStorr認(rèn)為生活就是一系列的游戲,人類深受地位的驅(qū)使,作者指出這種生活態(tài)度是不成熟的,成熟意味著追求更高的愿望。5.WhatliesinthecoreofWillStorr’sopinionaboutlife?A.Theprideinone’svirtue.B.Thepursuitofsuperiority.C.Thedesireforacceptance.D.Themotivationbywealth.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.‘Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.’”可知,WillStorr作品的核心在于追求更高的地位,要比別人更好,B項(xiàng)“追求卓越”符合題意。6.Whatcanbeviewedashighermotivationsinthetext?A.Loveandinspiration.B.Maturityanddesire.C.Commitmentandkindness.D.Friendshipandpopularity.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.”和第四段中“It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.”可知,C項(xiàng)“承諾和善良”可以被視為更高的動(dòng)機(jī)。7.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocorrectanattitude.B.Tocomparetwovalues.C.Toexplaintwoarguments.D.Tocriticizeaviewpoint.答案A解析推理判斷題。文章首句“Islifeastoryoragame?”提出問題:生活是一個(gè)故事還是一場游戲?接著提到了作家WillStorr對此問題的回答,WillStorr認(rèn)為生活就是一系列的游戲,人類深受地位的驅(qū)使,接著作者提到這種生活態(tài)度是不成熟的,故本文的目的是糾正一種態(tài)度。8.Whatstorydoyouthinktheauthorwilltellnext?A.Aking’s-comebackstory.B.Arags-to-richesstory.C.AYuanLongping-stylestory.D.Anovernight-successstory.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.”和最后一段“Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I’dhavetotellyouastory.”可知,更高的愿望是對真理和學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛和對美好而有意義的生活的渴望,作者接下來要講述如何培養(yǎng)這些更高動(dòng)機(jī),C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)袁隆平式的故事”符合更高動(dòng)機(jī)的內(nèi)涵。Passage3(2024河北邯鄲三模)主題:善意的謊言詞數(shù):349難度:★★★★★“Individualsofallageswhohaveempathy(共情)understandthatsometimestellinglittlewhiteliescanprotectotherpeoplefromgettinghurt,”saysBarbaraGreenberg,aclinicalpsychologistinConnecticut.“MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.Awhitelie,”sheexplains,“sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.”Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruthcanresultinsomethingunpleasantonyou;it’snotjustaboutthepersonthewhitelieisbeingtoldto.Forexample,shesayssomeonewhoalwaystellsothersthat“allisgood”whenitcomestoasickparentinanefforttoavoiddiscussionsabouthowserioustheirhealthissuereallyis,caneventuallyfacestressfulexperiences.Whenthatparenteventuallypassesaway,thepersonwhoalwaysgavean“allisgood”responseendsupemotionallybroken.Sometimes,tellingwhiteliesoftendependsonthesituation,Dr.Breursays.Forexample,considerawomanwhohasnotseenhermotherforseveralmonths.Thedaughterhasgainednoticeableweight,yetthemotherrespondsbyexcitedlydeclaringthatshelooksgreat.“Iemphasizeduringpsychotherapysessionswithmypatientsthatcontexthelpsdefinemeaning,”Dr.Breursays.“Sowhenwelookatthecontextofamothersayingyoulookgreatwhensheclearlyseesthatherdaughterhasgainedweight,itcanbeacceptable.Itreflectstheintentionofthewhiteliewhichiskindness,protectionandunconditionallove.Otherwise,whitelies—especiallywhentoldtoavoidpersonalaccountability—canstartacycleofmistrustbetweenpeople,ultimatelycompromisingintegrity,”sheadds.Therefore,it’simportanttoaskourselveswhenitisandisn’tappropriatetodeliverthehonesttruth,andwhenit’sbesttostepbackandofferamoredelicateresponse.Moreoftenthannot,it’saboutfindingabalancebetweenthetwo.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要闡述了善意的謊言可以讓人們免受不必要的傷害,但有時(shí)候,善意的謊言往往取決于具體情況。因此,重要的是要問問自己,什么時(shí)候說實(shí)話是合適的,什么時(shí)候不合適,什么時(shí)候最好退一步,做出更微妙的回應(yīng),要在兩者之間找到平衡。9.WhatcanbelearnedaboutwhiteliesaccordingtoBarbaraGreenberg?A.Theyareshort-lived.B.Theyareunidentifiable.C.Theyaretrouble-making.D.Theyarecommon.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“‘MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.Awhitelie,’sheexplains,‘sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.’”可知,根據(jù)芭芭拉·格林伯格的說法,善意的謊言很常見。10.WhatmessagedoesDr.Breurdeliverinparagraph2?A.Whiteliescanharmboththeliarsandthelisteners.B.Wemustrespondtoourfamilymemberstruthfully.C.It’swrongtotellwhiteliestoaseriouslyillparent.D.The“allisgood”responseiseffectiveindealingwithpatients.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruth