語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)(七)

九年級(jí)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)(七)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be動(dòng)詞＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)。二、幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：Bikesaresoldinthatshop.那家商店賣自行車。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：Alotoftreeswereplantedlastyear.去年種植了很多樹。3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will/begoingto＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：AnEnglishspeechwillbegivenbyJacktomorrow.明天杰克將作一個(gè)英文演講。4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are＋being＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：Anewcarisbeingtestednow.現(xiàn)在，一輛新汽車正在被檢測(cè)。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：Aroadhasbeenbuiltbythegovernment.政府已經(jīng)修了一條路。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1．不知道或沒有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨晚，一些新電腦被盜了。2．強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的?！艨谠E：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1．把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2．把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：be＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式。)3．把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。如：HelaughedatTom.→Tomwaslaughedatbyhim.◆口訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，“to”仍要保留(如oughtto)?！艨谠E：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過(guò)分”，原來(lái)帶to要保留。如：Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yououghttotakeitaway.→Itoughttobetakenaway.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.六、含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，有兩種情況：一種情況是把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)不變，這時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to或for?！艨谠E：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓。若要變直賓，bedone后把to/for加。如：Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))七、注意一些后面跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如make,see,hear等，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要加上to。如：Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside(byhim)．Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball(byme)．◆口訣：賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主動(dòng)句中to走開，被動(dòng)句中to回來(lái)。經(jīng)典例題Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolhallnextweek.A．isgivenB．hasbeengivenC．willbegivenD．gives()2.2017·咸寧—WhatdoyouthinkofthelatestTVplayTheNameofPeople?—It'sverypopular.Millionsoffamilies________byitduringthattime.A．a(chǎn)ttractedB．a(chǎn)reattractedC．wereattractedD．wereattracting()3.Smartphones________intheclassroom.A．a(chǎn)ren'tallowedB．a(chǎn)ren'tallowingC．a(chǎn)llowD．isallowed()4.Yourshoes________.Youneedanewpair.A．wearoutB．wornoutC．a(chǎn)rewornoutD．isworn()5.Thedoctor________foryet.A．isn'tsentB．hasn'tbeensentC．won'tbesentD．wasn'tsent

()6.Manyhouses________bytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A．damagedB．weredamagedC．weredamagingD．a(chǎn)redamaged()7.—Claudia,areyougoingtoMike'sbirthdaypartyonSunday?—UnlessI________．A．a(chǎn)minvitedB．invitedC．wasinvitingD．invites()8.—Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdon'tknowhowlongitmay________.—Fortwoweeks.A．borrowB．beborrowedC．keepD．bekept()9.2017·天津Let'swaitandseewhetherbooks________bytheInternetinthefuture.A．replaceB．replacedC．willbereplacedD．werereplaced()10.Astory________byGrannyyesterday.A．wastoldusB．wastoldtousC．istoldusD．toldus()11.Aseveryoneknows,rubbish________everywhere.A．needbethrownB．mustn'tbethrownC．can'tthrowD．maythrow()12.Lastyear,fiveChineseteachers________toaschoolintheU．K.toteachtheBritishstudentsChinese.A．wassentB．weresentC．havesentD．sent()13.—Waiter,I'dlikesomedumplings.—Sorry,sir.Dumplings________onlyforlunchanddinner.A．serveB．servedC．a(chǎn)reservedD．a(chǎn)reserving()14.Youcan'twearshoesinsidethisroom.It________．A．doesn'tallowB．isn'tallowedC．hasn'tallowedD．wasn'tallowed()15.—Look!Whathaveyoudone?—Sorry.IthinkifI________anotherchance,I'lldoitbetter.A．giveB．willbegivenC．willgiveD．a(chǎn)mgiven()16.Anewschool________lastyearinmyhometown.A．setupB．setsupC．issetupD．wassetupⅡ.用動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空1．Thestudents________often________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2．Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3．Theoldmanisill.He________(mustsend)tothehospital.4．—What________theknife________(make)of?—It________(make)ofmetal.5．Apianoconcert________(give)herelastFriday.6．________themagazine________(cantake)outofthelibrary?7．Apples________(grow)onthisfarm.8．Thebike________(mustnotput)here.9．Abeautifulhorse________(draw)byJohnnow.10．ThePLA________(found)onAugust1st,1927.11．Atthecrossing,apoliceman________often________(see)．12．Alltheclothesintheshop________(cantry)on.

詳解詳析Ⅰ.1.C2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7．A句意：“Claudia,星期天你打算參加邁克的生日聚會(huì)嗎？”“除非我被邀請(qǐng)去。”根據(jù)句意可知“I”與“invite”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。故選A。8．D9.C10.B11.B12.B13.C14．B句意：你不能在這個(gè)房間穿鞋，它是不允許的。這里it是句子