語法定語從句課件-高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考備戰(zhàn)之定語從句Learningobjectives1.Toknowthefunctionofattributiveclause.2.Tomasterthedifferentusageoftherelativepronouns.3.Tolearnhowtouse

attributiveclausestodescribenaturaldisasters.形容詞名詞介詞短語非謂語動(dòng)詞從句(定語從句）Sheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.Ilikepeoplewhosmilesalot.1定義：修飾名詞或代詞，常譯為“的”2什么可以做定語1.什么是定語?2.什么是定語?定語從句:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。表示...的，作用相當(dāng)于形容詞Aplane

isamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Thegirl

that/who/whom/(省略)wesawyesterdayisMary.主句從句從句從引導(dǎo)詞開始，到句子結(jié)束。從句從句從引導(dǎo)詞開始，到第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)結(jié)束。定語從句:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。表示...的，作用相當(dāng)于形容詞

關(guān)系詞的作用在復(fù)合句中被定語從句修飾、限定的名詞或代詞。先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。定語從句(AttributiveClause)關(guān)系詞定語從句分類限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞（避免重復(fù)）在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系代詞：who,which,that,whose,whom,關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why非限制性定語從句定語從句Summary

關(guān)系代詞指人指物作主語作賓語作定語that√√√√which√√√who√√√whom√√whose√√√1)Finally,thethiefhanded

everythingthathehadstolentothepolice.2)Hewastheonlyonethatcouldhelpusatthemoment.3)ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwain.

當(dāng)先行詞是anything,nothing,much,everything,all,few,any,little等不定代詞時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,theonly,thevery,

few,little,no,some等修飾時(shí)或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Attention!!!關(guān)系代詞的選擇（特殊情況）只用that,不用which的情況：4)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolthathevisited.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Attention!!!關(guān)系代詞的選擇（特殊情況）宜用that,不用which的情況：1)Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanycornerofthetownwillgiveyoualltheinformation.2)Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.Attention!!!關(guān)系代詞的選擇（特殊情況）只用which，不用that的情況：1)在非限制性定性定語從句中,有逗號(hào)2)關(guān)系代詞前面出現(xiàn)介詞時(shí)，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom指代人且做主語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞既可以用who也可以用that。這些情況用who而不用that：1)當(dāng)先行詞為anyone，one，everyone,someone等不定代詞或人稱代詞時(shí)。2)當(dāng)先行詞為指人的those或是被those修飾的人時(shí)。3)當(dāng)先行詞是people或表示人的集體名詞時(shí)。1）Ishetheonewhowantstoseeyou?HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2）Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Sheisoneofthosewomenwhoalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtroubles.3)Iknowthepeoplewhoarestandingthere.Attention!!!關(guān)系代詞的選擇（特殊情況）關(guān)系副詞指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhy時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語三.關(guān)系副詞如何選擇關(guān)系代詞VS關(guān)系副詞?①從句缺少主、賓、定關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞②從句缺狀語練一練Practicemakesperfect.1.(2021新課標(biāo)II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.答案：which或that解析：考查定語從句。句意：我決定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就給它發(fā)郵件，敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，________usedalotofplastic是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞acompany，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句，所以填which或that。2.(2022新課標(biāo)I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.答案：that解析：考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。3.(2024新課標(biāo)I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.答案：which/that解析：考查定語從句。句意：MarkWoodruff補(bǔ)充說：“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就，在絲綢之路的盡頭，中國亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng)，這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國，定義了英國園藝的豐富和榮耀?！笨仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞design，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。4.(2024浙江1月卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.答案：that/which。解析：考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)然，商店不是慈善機(jī)構(gòu)——他們以最賺錢的方式給商品定價(jià)。在定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為way，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故填that/which。5.Ourteacherssparenoefforttocreateanatmosphere_______enablesustostudyattentivelyandharmoniously.答案：which/that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們的老師不遺余力地營造一種讓我們專心、和諧地學(xué)習(xí)的氛圍?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞atmosphere，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that作引導(dǎo)詞。故填which/that。【詳解】．whose考查定語從句。句意：濰坊風(fēng)箏的主題極其豐富，深受國內(nèi)外人民的歡迎。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Weifangkites，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語，需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填whose。6．Weifangkites,

themesareextremelyrich,arepopularwithpeopleathomeandabroad.Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or"/".ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople__________homesweredestroyed.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthe

people___________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusing

anything_________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings____________hadbeendamagedbythehuricanewererepaired.whosewho/thatthat//that/which有些人的家園被臺(tái)風(fēng)摧毀了。建筑物可怕的晃動(dòng)驚醒了沉睡中的人們。

第二天，人們用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避難所。

幾天后，大多數(shù)在颶風(fēng)中被損壞的建筑物得到了修繕。

Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or"/".ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.5.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothe