決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-調(diào)查研究類1 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)調(diào)查研究類1決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累與調(diào)查研究類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!說明文體裁分析Part1課標(biāo)解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視與一次性塑料之間的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項能力全國II卷C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動飛機天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨自進(jìn)餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實施的HUNCH計劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法計算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IC篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的選擇全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物上的應(yīng)用上取得的進(jìn)展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因為瀕臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學(xué)家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)說明文通常說明某一事物的特征，普遍真理，闡述科學(xué)道理和對事物發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果等進(jìn)行介紹、說明的一種文體?？煞衽e例？哇，考頻這么高，說明文到底是什么？看完這篇《媽媽使用說明書》就懂啦！說明文是高考閱讀理解的?？?，每年閱讀理解都有涉及。2004說明文一般使用較為科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z言對事物進(jìn)行闡述，較少包含情緒化語言。為了準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)要說明的事物，措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，包含專業(yè)術(shù)語和低頻詞，長難句多且句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。那說明文讀什么呢？該怎么讀呢？我們一起來看看吧！哈哈，我懂了，這應(yīng)該是篇事物說明文。說明文的語言特色我好像也get到了。123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說明文往往為了說清某個事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標(biāo)題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準(zhǔn)確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。名師指路(2020全國卷ⅡB)方法1：尋找高頻詞①

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(2020全國卷ⅡB)高頻詞：puzzleskill連詞成句，得到說明對象Aresearchshowsthatpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.高頻詞：puzzleskill①

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.(2020全國卷ⅡB)方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句事理說明文本文屬于調(diào)查研究類說明文(2021浙江卷C)方法1：尋找高頻詞①

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(圖像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.高頻詞（2021浙江卷C)③Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④

"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.高頻詞:dogdistinguishhappyorangryhumanfacialexpressions連詞成句，得到說明對象Astudyshowsdogs

maybeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfacialexpressions.高頻詞:dogdistinguishhappyorangryhumanfacialexpressions方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句（2021浙江卷C)方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句①

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(圖像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.事理說明文本文屬于調(diào)查研究類說明文2(2020全國卷ⅡB)①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果研究成果2020全國卷ⅡB題目見講義2021浙江C①Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(圖像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.③

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果結(jié)果分析2021浙江CExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandableto

readers,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路3①…②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.(2020全國卷ⅡB)題目見講義④

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.(2020全國卷ⅡB)題目見講義本文是事理說明文，是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究。作者通過列數(shù)字、引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和研究結(jié)果。充分說明了孩子們可以從益智游戲中，更好的培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的技能，比如空間技能。即說明對象：Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.名師指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。(2021浙江卷C)題目見講義②Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(圖像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.③Thestudyshowedtheanimals…inthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthe…h(huán)umanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.題目見講義(2021浙江卷C)本文是事理說明文，是關(guān)于狗能夠識別人類的面部表情。作者通過列數(shù)字、引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了研究過程、研究結(jié)果和出現(xiàn)該研究結(jié)果的原因。闡釋了狗能夠區(qū)分人類臉上的表情是高興還是憤怒。即說明對象：Dogsmaybeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfacialexpressions.產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因可能是因為狗與人類生活在一起，他們能經(jīng)常接觸人類的面部表情，而這種接觸為它們提供了學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)分人類表情的機會。名師指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。真題講解示例12020全國卷ⅡBPART2PyramidinacagepuzzleWatchthevideoCanyoufinishit?①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(2020全國卷ⅡB)題目見講義摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.Childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.Boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?快速通讀文章，完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2020全國卷Ⅱ

B說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskillsChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillsperformbetterontasksthatassessed

theirabilitytorotate

and

translateshapesChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalkanalyzevideorecordingsof53child-parentpairs

duringeverydayactivitiesathomeaskparentstointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywouldHigher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentlyforboysandgirlsBothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskillsBoystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirlsTheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplay研究成果ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？題目速覽Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?Buildingconfidence. Developingspatialskills.Learningself-control. Gaininghigh-techknowledge.1WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？Parents’age. Children’simagination.Parents’education.Child-parentrelationship.2題目見講義細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.3Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.4細(xì)節(jié)理解題主旨大意題Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.1拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研究結(jié)果developbetterspatialskills.技巧點撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)語法譯主干加枝葉心理學(xué)家SusanLevine，（是）芝加哥大學(xué)兒童數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展研究領(lǐng)域的專家，發(fā)現(xiàn)二歲到四歲玩字謎的孩子們之后培養(yǎng)了更好的空間技能。答案指向句分析PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.step1:去枝葉，找主干，括從句step2:添加枝葉（定語狀語同位語），補全句意findsb.dosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事SusanLevine發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們培養(yǎng)了更好的空間技能。拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研究過程investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.education2WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.技巧點撥：同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.答案指向句分析主干：整句話倒裝LevinesaidPuzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk112233賓語從句狀語作difference的定語參考譯文Levine說，在控制了父母的收入、受教育程度和父母談話量的差異后，益智游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是影響認(rèn)知的一個重要影響因素。Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研究結(jié)果⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.tendedto3技巧點撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)morecomplex參考譯文However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.答案指向句分析and連接兩個簡單句boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzles12然而，男孩比女孩玩的更復(fù)雜，男孩的父母提供更多的空間語言，并且比女孩的父母更活躍。theparentsprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveHoweverthangirlsofboysduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirlsand12比較狀語時間狀語比較狀語puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位說明對象①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwith4math-relatedskills技巧點撥：主旨大意題尋找中心句，通常位于首段或尾段且but后一般設(shè)考點Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.參考譯文答案指向句分析一些父母會買他們認(rèn)為對孩子有益的高科技玩具，然而研究者表示益智玩具可以幫助孩子們提高數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的技能。but連接并列句Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild.researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.but12省略that的賓語從句itwillhelptheirchild.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句從句中包含賓語從句Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.12回顧2020全國卷Ⅱ

B說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskillsChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillsperformbetterontasksthatassessed

theirabilitytorotate

and

translateshapesChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalkanalyzevideorecordingsof53child-parentpairs

duringeverydayactivitiesathomeaskparentstointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywouldHigher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentlyforboysandgirlsBothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskillsBoystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirlsTheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplay研究成果ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.Q4Q3Q2Q1Tip1:說明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項特征______________________________________細(xì)節(jié)理解劃出題干、選項關(guān)鍵詞同詞/同義復(fù)現(xiàn)回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，找出答案Tip1:說明文主旨大意題常與_____________有關(guān)。Tip2:說明文中心句常出現(xiàn)在_____________,

常見的標(biāo)志詞/句：①____________________________________;②____________________________________;③____________________________________。Tip3:說明文主旨題正確選項特征_____________________主旨大意說明對象Accordingtoanewstudy，…標(biāo)題或段首Thestudyshowsthat…However,asaresult，infact…同義復(fù)現(xiàn)/概括呈現(xiàn)詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.1develophelpwithanalyzedassessedtalkInwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)④“The