決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會(huì)使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!Part1說明文體裁分析課標(biāo)解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機(jī)器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動(dòng)對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項(xiàng)研究表明狗能夠識(shí)別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵(lì)大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項(xiàng)能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時(shí)裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動(dòng)飛機(jī)天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項(xiàng)研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個(gè)人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨(dú)自進(jìn)餐的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實(shí)施的HUNCH計(jì)劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法計(jì)算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費(fèi)以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進(jìn)展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia

公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時(shí)是如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因?yàn)闉l臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學(xué)家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時(shí)間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說明文往往為了說清楚某個(gè)事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標(biāo)題或首段（或其它段落）直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準(zhǔn)確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。名師指路2019全國卷Ⅱ

C①

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.②

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.③

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.事理說明文方法：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找段落中心句2019全國卷ID①Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

事理說明文方法：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找段落中心句22019全國卷Ⅱ

C①M(fèi)arianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.③“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,

Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.④Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”⑤Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.現(xiàn)象描述說明對象具體例證說明原因2019全國ⅡC2019全國卷ID①Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.③Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengageindangerousandriskybehavior”.④Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”⑤Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.⑥Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.經(jīng)歷描述說明對象現(xiàn)象研究影響2019全國ID①

...②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.③...Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.④...AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.

Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.2019全國卷ⅡC題目見講義本文是事理說明文，是關(guān)于獨(dú)自就餐的研究。作者先通過一場景描述引入說明對象，之后通過列數(shù)字、引資料、舉例子等說明方法，說明由于有智能手機(jī)相伴，單獨(dú)就餐已成為一種趨勢。即說明對象：Peopleliketoeatalone.產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因是人們想有選擇的自由，想擁有屬于自己的時(shí)間。名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。①...

②

...MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.The

likables’

plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.③...2019全國卷ID題目見講義④Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”⑤...⑥Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.2019全國卷ID題目見講義本文是事理說明文，作者先用個(gè)人經(jīng)歷描述引入說明對象--學(xué)生受歡迎度的研究。之后通過分類別、作比較、引資料等說明方法，討論了贏得歡迎度的兩種類型及這兩種類型對日后生活和成功的影響。結(jié)果表明，與人為善，人緣不會(huì)差。即說明對象：Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。2019全國卷ⅡCPART2真題講解示例1123WatchthevideoDoyoulikeeatingalone?2019全國卷ⅡC題目見講義①M(fèi)arianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.③“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.④Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”⑤Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.摘要特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類

說明文引言正文總結(jié)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingontheshoulder.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.AndrewMazolenylikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?1.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?2.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2019全國卷IIC現(xiàn)象描述MarianBechtel,likeotherAmericans,likeseatingalone.分析原因Peoplewillhavefreedomtochoosewhileeatingalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.說明對象具體例證Bechteloftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Shewantedsometimetoherself.AndrewMazolenylikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneorchatupthebarkeeperheisfamiliarwithwhileeatinglunchatthebar.題目速覽Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?Foodvariety.Eatinghabits.Tablemanners.Restaurantservice.1推理判斷題WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?Tomeetwithhercoworkers.Tocatchupwithherwork.Tohavesometimeonherown.Tocollectdataforherreport.2WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?Hemakesvideosforthebar.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.3Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.Theimportanceofself-reflection.Thestressfromworkingovertime.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.4細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題主旨大意題拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題1STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說明對象Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.

Foodvariety. B.

Eatinghabits.C.

Tablemanners. D.

Restaurantservice.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

STEP2：定位信息段eatalonehavebreakfastalonehavelunchbythemselvesatdinertimeeattogether技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題2STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位具體例證WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.Bechteloftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Shewantedsometimetoherself.③“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.

技巧點(diǎn)撥:同義替換STEP2：定位信息段wantedsometimetomyself拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題3STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位具體例證WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.AndrewMazolenylikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneorchatupthebarkeeperheisfamiliarwithwhileeatinglunchatthebar.④Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”STEP2：定位信息段chatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasis技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義轉(zhuǎn)換答案指向句分析參考譯文Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).他喜歡自己坐下來安靜地玩手機(jī)，或者是如果他想交流的話，他會(huì)和他熟悉的酒吧老板說上幾句。Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper11like+賓語從句or連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列謂語動(dòng)詞withwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasis22定語從句，先行詞為barkeeperifhewantstohavealittleinteraction33條件狀語從句拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題4STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說明對象Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.

Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.

Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.

Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

STEP2：定位信息段mealsareeatingalone技巧點(diǎn)撥：主旨大意題尋找中心句，通常位于首段或尾段，由于本文首段是現(xiàn)象描述，于是作者在第二段首句點(diǎn)出了說明對象?；仡橝newreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.2019全國卷IIC現(xiàn)象描述說明對象具體例證MarianBechtel,likeotherAmericans,likeseatingalone.Bechteloftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Shewantedsometimetoherself.分析原因Peoplewillhavefreedomtochoosewhileeatingalone.AndrewMazolenylikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneorchatupthebarkeeperheisfamiliarwithwhileeatinglunchatthebar.Q4Q3Q2Q1推理判斷Tip1:說明文推理判斷題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征______________________________________劃出題干、選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位具體段落，找出具體細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行合理推斷通常是對文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換或進(jìn)一步概括Tip1:說明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)特征______________________________________細(xì)節(jié)理解劃出題干、選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞同義復(fù)現(xiàn)/同義轉(zhuǎn)換回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，找出答案詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)1②

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.statisticsWhatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety. B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners. D.Restaurantservice.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)②Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.③“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.prefertocoworkerstomyselfstatisticsWhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.2詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)3④Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”videographerlikesonafirst-namebasisbarkeeperWhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondof