2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習專題能力提升練十一詞義猜測題-猜測詞義類含解析

PAGE專題實力提升練十一詞義揣測題——揣測詞義類A[2024·昆明市“三診一?！备呖寄M考試]MaitreyiRamakrishnan,17,remembersthequestionthattookherfromthelifeofaregularhighschoolstudenttothecenterofHollywood.“Whynotme？”sheaskedherselfwhenshesawanopencastingcallforMindyKaling'scoming-of-agecomedyseriesNeverHaveIEver.Itwasagoodquestion,andcoincidentally,alsothenameofKaling's2015biography.Despitehavingnoprofessionalactingexperience,Ramakrishnangotthejob.TheyoungactressplaysacharacternamedDeviwhoselifestoryisinspiredbyKaling'sown.Ramakrishnancreditsherbestfriendforhelpingherstayconfidentthroughouttheaudition(試演)process.Shefilmedanauditionvideoandsubmittedit.Aboutonemonthlater,shegotaphonecallfromKalingandscreenwriterLangFisher.“TheytoldmethatIgottherole，”Ramakrishnansaid.“Iwasincompleteshock.Ijustkeptsaying,‘Mylifeiscompletelygoingtochange.’”AsawomanofcolorstarringinaNetflixseries,RamakrishnanwashonoredasaGroundbreakerforInternationalDayoftheGirlin2024.Herpersonalrolemodels,includingherhighschooldramateacheraswellasvariouswomeninHollywood,haveplayedabigroleincreatingherworldview.“Myhighschooldramateacherisalwayspushingmetotrynewthings，”theteensaid.“Sheencouragedmetotryoutforplaysandtakerisks,whichnowI'mknownfor.”Thesurrealexperiencetaughtheralifelessonthatshethinksappliestoanyone.Whenaskedhowshehopesherrolewillinfluenceothers,shereplied,“Ihopeitpassesthison—the‘whynotme？’Whycan'tIjustgooutanddowhatmakesmehappy?Dowhatmakesmefeelgreatandconfident？”Clearly,it'sworking.1．WhatmadeRamakrishnansuccessfullygetthejob?A．Heractingexperience.B．Influenceofherfriend.C．Herlastingconfidence.D．InspirationfromKaling.2．HowdoesRamakrishnansoundtowardsherdramateacher?A．Faithful.B．Grateful.C．Annoyed.D．Concerned.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surreal”inParagraph4mean?A．Ordinary.B．Fantastic.C．Disturbing.D．Entertaining.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．AcomedynamedNeverHaveⅠEver.B．AgirlstarringinanewNetflixshow.C．Aphonecallthatmakesasuperstar.D．Aquestionthatchangesagirl'slife.B[2024·棗莊市高三模擬]Rainbow-colouredrubbishisthecolourfulwastecreatedbyaSwedishcitywithauniquerecyclingsystem.LikemanycitiesinSweden,Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.ItmettheEU's2024targetofrecycling50%ofwastemanyyearsago.Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories,includingfood,textiles,cartonsandmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.Thereasonforthisbecomesclearatthecity'srecyclingplant.Thebagsarrivealljumbledupbecausethey'recollectedaltogether,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople'shouses.Butthankstothosebrightcolours,scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintoslurry(漿)tomakebiogas,whichpowersthecity'sbuses.Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.LiketherestofSweden,Eskilstunaiscommittedtosendingzerowastefromitscitizenstolandfill(垃圾填埋場).Wastethatcannotberecycledisincineratedatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels,butdoescreategreenhousegases.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtrytoimprovetheirrecyclingrates,somemaylooktoEskilstunaasanexampletofollow—aslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheircitizenstogetbusysortingwasteathome.5．HowdopeopledealwiththeirhouseholdwasteinEskilstuna?A．Sortingandputtingitincolourfulbags.B．Dyeingitwithdifferentcolours.C．Processingandrecyclingitathome.D．Sortingandtakingitouteveryweek.6．Whatistheadvantageofthebrightcolourcode?A．Itavoidscross-pollutionentirely.B．Thewastecanbestoredinafixedsite.C．It'seasiertoclassifythebagsofrubbish.D．Thecitytakesonacolourfullook.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incinerated”meaninthelastparagraph?A．burntB．brokenC．reusedD．washed8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TipsonSortingofHouseholdWaste.B．ASwedishC．AUniqueWasteRecyclingPlan.D．ANewPolicyonConservation.C[2024·煙臺市高考診斷性測試]Ifyou'veeverbeenonafishingboat,you'veprobablyseencrowdsofbirdsfollowingit,hopingtocatchasnack.Nowscientistsusethosebirds'behaviortotrackillegalfishingboats.Researchersattacheddataloggerstothebacksof169albatrosses(信天翁)inIndianoceans.Weighingonly42grams,thedevicesincludedaGPS,whichenabledthemtodetectthepresenceandintensityofradarsignalsemittedbyboats.Thatinformationwasthensentbysatellite,sotheresearcherscouldtrackthelocationofthebirds—andthustheradar-emittingboats—inrealtime.Thescientiststhencross-checkedthatdataagainsttheknownlocationsofboats,collectedfromasystemboatsusetodeclarethemselves,calledtheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS).Andnoticeabledifferencesappearedfrequently.Morethanathirdofthetimesthebird“l(fā)oggers”detectedradarsignals,andthereforeaboat,butnosuchboatappearedintheofficiallog—meaningthatthevehicleshadlikelyswitchedofftheirAIS—somethingthatprobablyhappensinillegalfishingoperations.Theworksuggestsbirdscouldbeaneffectiveboat-monitoringtoolaslongasillegalfishingoperationsdon'ttargetthebirds.Fortunately,such_a_taskwouldbedifficult.Aroundfishingboats,youcanfindhundredsofbirdsatanyonetimethatareflyingaround.Andthebirdswithloggersarenotmarkedinanyway.Soit'snotreallypossibleforfishermentopickoutaspecificbird.Butwhatconcernsresearchersisthatalbatrossesoftengetcaughtbysomefishingboats.Thoughregulationshavebeenestablishedtoprotectagainstthathappening—withsuccess—illegalboatsdon'tnecessarilyobey.Soscientistsmightbeunderestimatingtheriskposedtoalbatrosspopulations.9．Whatcharacteristicofalbatrossesdoscientiststakeadvantageofintheirresearch?A．Theirfeedingpatterns.B．Theirsenseofdirection.C．Theirgreedybehaviors.D．Theirhabitoffollowingfishingboats.10.ForwhatpurposedoesaboatshutoffitsAIS?A．Toseekmorefishes.B．Tohaveitmistakenforanother.C．Toavoidbeingdetected.D．Tosavethetroubleofdeclaringitself.11．Whatdoes“suchatask”inParagraph6referto?A．Identifyingbirdswithloggers.B．Monitoringillegalboats.C．Trackingradarsignalsautomatically.D．Fishingillegally.12．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AIS:anEffectiveSystemtoLocateBoatsB．HumansAreGoodatDiscoveringBirds'NatureC．DataLoggersHelpFishermenGetaGoodHarvestD．ScientistsUseBirdstoTrackIllegalFishingOperations專題實力提升練十一詞義揣測題——揣測詞義類A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——人物故事——一般中學生麥特里伊·拉瑪克里斯南被好萊塢錄用【文章大意】一般的中學生麥特里伊·拉瑪克里斯南盡管沒有專業(yè)的表演閱歷，但因為“為什么不是我？”這個巧合的問題而被敏迪·卡靈(MindyKaling)的成長喜劇系列招為演員。1．答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據其次段的內容，尤其是第三句“Ramakrishnancreditsherbestfriendforhelpingherstayconfidentthroughouttheaudition(試演)process”及第六句“‘TheytoldmethatIgottherole，’Ramakrishnansaid”可知，麥特里伊·拉瑪克里斯南在試演時的自信使她被錄用。故選C。2．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據第三段中的“Herpersonalrolemodels，includingherhighschooldramateacher...‘Sheencourgedmetotryoutforplaysandtakerisks，whichnowI'mknownfor.’”可知，她的中學戲劇老師是她的個人榜樣，總是督促她去嘗試新事物并且激勵她嘗試戲劇和冒險，而且現在她以這一點而著名，進而可推斷出她對她的中學戲劇老師懷有感謝之情。所以選B。3．答案與解析：B考查詞義揣測。分析句子結構可知，這種經驗是上文提到的經驗。依據第一段的內容可知麥特里伊·拉瑪克里斯南被錄用有巧合的因素，所以，她的這種經驗是“不行思議的、奇異的”，故畫線詞與B項詞義相近。4．答案與解析：D考查主旨大意。本文主要介紹了一般的中學生麥特里伊·拉瑪克里斯南盡管沒有專業(yè)的表演閱歷，但因為“為什么不是我？”這個巧合的問題而被敏迪·卡靈(MindyKaling)的成長喜劇系列招為演員的故事。故選D。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——環(huán)境愛護——垃圾的分類及焚燒【文章大意】在瑞典，環(huán)保是生活的一部分，在Eskilstuna也不例外。該市推出“彩虹色”的垃圾回收體系，在回收利用方面取得了令人贊美的成果。5．答案與解析：A考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據第一段的“Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood,textiles,cartonsandmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode”和其次段的“scannerscanselectthebags”“ingreenbags”可知，在Eskilstuna，人們會把生活垃圾分類，裝在不同顏色的袋子里。6．答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據其次段的“Butthankstothosebrightcolours，scannerscanselectthebagsands