英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分練習(xí)題及答案

英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分練習(xí)題及答案（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語(yǔ)）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語(yǔ)）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語(yǔ)）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()think_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()willneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where練習(xí)一：一、1、主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；2、間接賓語(yǔ)；3、謂語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；4、定語(yǔ)；5、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；6、定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；7、賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；8、謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)；9、謂語(yǔ)；10、主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；11、謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；12、狀語(yǔ)；13、形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)；14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；15、插入語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；16、賓語(yǔ)(間賓+直賓)；17、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；18、形式主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語(yǔ)二、略三、略四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB練習(xí)二：一、1、簡(jiǎn)單句；2、復(fù)合句；3、簡(jiǎn)單句；4、簡(jiǎn)單句；5、并列句；6、復(fù)合句；7、并列句；8、復(fù)合句；9、簡(jiǎn)單句；10、簡(jiǎn)單句二、Ihopeyouareverywell（復(fù)合句）.I'mfine,buttired（簡(jiǎn)單句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（簡(jiǎn)單句）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（并列句）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（簡(jiǎn)單句）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（并列復(fù)合句）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（簡(jiǎn)單句）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（復(fù)合句）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（簡(jiǎn)單句）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（簡(jiǎn)單句）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（簡(jiǎn)單句）.Asaresult,wehavetowatertheveg