名師原創(chuàng)：Unit4 單元語(yǔ)法詳解課件

Unit4Adversityandcourage

單元語(yǔ)法詳解人教版新教材選擇性必修三

原創(chuàng)Cao

本單元重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)◆原句再現(xiàn)AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton–thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.(教材P38)b.Wearenowcampedoniceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbeginomelt.(教材P38)c.Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays,butthingsnoElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.(教材

P39)d.Thedoghasbeenbarkingforabouttwohours,andIreallyhopeitwillstopsoon.(教材

P41)◆

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成●第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：he/she/it+hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)…●其它人稱(chēng)：I/we/you/they+havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)….◆直現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法●表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.這一動(dòng)作可能剛停止，也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。常帶有動(dòng)作起迄時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：sincelastweek;since2018等或帶有由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；還可以是表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).如：foranhour,forafewdays,forthesedays,請(qǐng)觀察以下句子a.Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.b.Wehavebeenmakinghandcraftsfortenyears.c.Hehasbeenlivingheresince2015.d.Theyhavebeendoingtheexperimentsincelastyear.※溫馨告知：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如：end,finish,leave,start,begin,come,Go,marry等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)●表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常帶有厭惡或贊美感激等感情色彩，請(qǐng)觀察以下句子a.Hehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.這話他已經(jīng)說(shuō)了二十遍了b.Theyhavebeencallingonmeseveraltimesthisweek.他們這個(gè)星期幾次來(lái)看我c.Thescientisthasbeendoingtheexperimentmanytimesthismonth.這個(gè)月這位科學(xué)家多次做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)●表示不久前剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，這種語(yǔ)境通常根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷，請(qǐng)觀察以下句子Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?抱歉，我來(lái)遲了.你等了多次長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？b.hello!Atlast!Ihavebeentelephoningyouallthemorning.喂，可找著你了，我一早上都在給你打電話呢●

某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，只能用于完成時(shí)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：see,hear,know,have(有）,like,be等感官動(dòng)詞和某些表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，請(qǐng)觀察以下句子a.Ihavebeenknowinghimformanyyears.(錯(cuò)誤）Ihaveknownhimformanyyears.(正確）我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)很多年了b.Theyhavebeenseeingthefilmthisweek.(錯(cuò)誤)Theyhaveseenthefilmthisweek.(正確)這周他們已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了◆

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本形式（以動(dòng)詞do為例），請(qǐng)觀察下表肯定式否定式一般疑問(wèn)式及回答Hehasbeendongsth.Hehasn’tbeendoingsth.Hashe/she/itbeendoing?Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’tShehasbeendoingsth.Shehasn’tbeendoingsth.Ithasbeendoingsth.Ithasn’tbeendoingsth.Ihavebeendoingsth.Ihaven’tbeendoingsth.HaveI/we/you/theybeenDoingsth.?Yes,you/we/I/theyhave.No,you/we/I/theyhaven’tWehavebeendoingsth.Wehaven’tbeendoingsth.Youhavebeendoingsth.Youhaven’tbeendoingsth.Theyhavebeendoingsth.Theyhaven’tbeendoingsth.◆時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)，請(qǐng)觀察以下句子a.Hehasinterviewedthefamoustabletennisplayer.他采訪了那位著名的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員b.Hehasbeeninterviewingthefamoustabletennisplayer.他一直在采訪那位著名的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的直接結(jié)果，請(qǐng)觀察以下句子Theboyhasfinishedhishomework.Hecangoouttoplay.這個(gè)男孩兒做完了作業(yè)，可以出去玩耍了Youlooktired.Whathaveyoubeendoing?你看起來(lái)很累的樣子，你一直在做什么？●

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有時(shí)可以和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)互換,但必須時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性或持續(xù)性,多半用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),請(qǐng)觀察以下句子a.TheladyhaslivedinShanghaiforthreeyears.TheladyhasbeenlivinginShanghaiforthreeyears.b.Theforeignerhasworkedinthecompanytheseyears.Theforeignerhasbeenworkinginthecompanytheseyears.c.Hehasbeenlivingheresincehewasborn.◆

考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1.--I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.--Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen

DCD●從A、B、C、D.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.--Ihavegotaheadache.--Nowonder.You_______infrontofthatcomputertoolong.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.workedDCC7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy__________goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.--______you_____himaroundthemuseumyet?--Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;show

ABA10.--Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.--Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpainting