Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionLearningaboutlanguage課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Period2LearningAboutLanguageChangethedirectspeechintotheindirectspeechUnit3EnvironmentalProtection語法感知感知以下課文原句，補(bǔ)全方框下的小題(1)Anexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.(2)Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore.(3)Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateactions，thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.1.英語中常用兩種方式引用別人說的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫

引語；另一種是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話，叫

引語。2.以上句子都是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，都是

引語。直接間接間接觀察以下例句，總結(jié)直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)則。DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechTheexpertsaid,"Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Thereporterasked,"Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?"Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Thereporterasked,"Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?"Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.Leadin直接引語和間接引語1.基本概念（1）直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫直接引語。（2）間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。【名師點(diǎn)津】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。2.人稱的變化（1）一隨主：直接引語中出現(xiàn)的第一人稱代詞要按照引述動(dòng)詞的主語的人稱變化。Shesaid，“Iwon’tbefrustrated.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tbefrustrated.她說她不會(huì)沮喪的。（2）二隨賓：直接引語中出現(xiàn)的第二人稱代詞要按照引述動(dòng)詞的賓語的人稱變化，若引述動(dòng)詞后沒有賓語，也可用第一人稱。ItoldMary，“Wewillprotectyoufrominfection.”→ItoldMarywewouldprotectherfrominfection.我告訴瑪麗我們會(huì)保護(hù)她不受感染。（3）第三人稱不更新：直接引語出現(xiàn)的第三人稱代詞一般不需要變化。Shesaidtome，“Theywanttodecreasetheamountoffattheyeat.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtodecreasetheamountoffattheyate.她告訴我，他們想減少脂肪的攝入量。 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱的變化遵循以下原則。句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.sheIhimI即學(xué)即練（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.（5）“Iwillcomehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthat

wouldgothereagainthatday.（6）Hesaid，“Iamlivingwithmycousin.”→Hesaidthat

waslivingwith

cousin.heshehehis3.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，則間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。如下表所示：

直接引語間接引語句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)【名師點(diǎn)津】（1）如果直接引語中有明確的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Mymothersaidtome，“Themuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.”→Mymothertoldmethatthemuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.我母親告訴我，圖書館在2020年被徹底改造了。（2）如果直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Thegeographyteachersaidtous，“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.地理老師對我們說：“地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)?！?句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday. （4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldisisshewasgoing 即學(xué)即練4.、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化引語用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this這個(gè)that那個(gè)these這些those那些時(shí)間狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時(shí)today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天時(shí)間狀語yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那時(shí))以前地點(diǎn)狀語here這兒there那兒方向性動(dòng)詞bring帶來take帶走come來go去句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John,”

shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher

.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tim.”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked,“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam

.（4）Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome,“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before即學(xué)即練5.句型的變化（1）直接引語是陳述句，間接引語用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，that可省略。(2023·全國甲卷)“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.→ThebearbiologistChrisServheensays(that)Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.熊生物學(xué)家ChrisServheen說灰熊正在重新占據(jù)它們以前活動(dòng)范圍的大片區(qū)域。（2）直接引語是一般疑問句，間接引語用whether/if引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序，謂語動(dòng)詞say（said）改為ask（asked）。MrTonnysaidtome，“Areyourinjuriessevere?”→MrTonnyaskedmeif/whethermyinjuriesweresevere.托尼先生問我傷勢是否嚴(yán)重。（3）直接引語是特殊疑問句，間接引語用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Maryaskedme，“WhendidtheBritishprincebecomeinfectedwiththedisease?”→MaryaskedmewhentheBritishprincebecameinfectedwiththedisease.瑪麗問我這位英國王子是什么時(shí)候染上這種病的。

（4）直接引語是祈使句，間接引語變?yōu)閍sk/tell/ordersb.（not）todosth.句式。Hesaid，“Don’tsubscribetoherview.”→Hetoldmenottosubscribetoherview.他告訴我不要同意她的觀點(diǎn)?！咀⒁狻科硎咕渲械膒lease在間接引語中必須省略?！癙leasepassmethepump，”hesaidtoher.→Heaskedhertopasshimthepump.他請她把水泵遞給他。

句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

hadleftwhetherlikedwhereIhadfound即學(xué)即練（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogotherethenextdaynottomake ExerciseⅠ將下列間接引語變?yōu)橹苯右Z1.Heaskedtheboywhyhehadbeenlateagain.______________________________________________________________2.Heaskedmetoshutthewindow._______________________________________________________________3.Thedoctortoldmenottodrinktoomuch._______________________________________________________________Heaskedtheboy，“Whywereyoulateagain?”Hesaidtome，“Shutthewindow，please.”Thedoctorsaidtome，“Don’tdrinktoomuch.”4.Theoldmansaidthattheboysovertherewereplayingfootball._______________________________________________________________5.TheteachertoldusthatwewouldhaveanEnglishtestthenextSaturday._______________________________________________________________Theoldmansaid，“Theboysoverthereareplayingfootball.”Theteachersaidtous，“WewillhaveanEnglishtestnextSaturday.”Ⅱ.語法填空Threemonthsago，ImovedtoItalywithmyparents.Oneday，afterplayingbadminton，Iwasabout1.

(leave)theclubwhenIsawAmma.She’sanoldladyinherlate60s，andsheisresponsible2.________cleaningtheflooroftheclub.語篇解讀本文是記敘文。文中講述作者把錢包里的所有錢都給了一位老婦人治病的經(jīng)歷。解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。beabouttodosth.

是固定搭配，表示“正要做某事”。解析考查介詞的用法。beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)。toleaveforAtthattime，sheaskedthebossoftheclub3.

(give)hersomecash.Shetoldthebossthatherhand4.

(be)inpainandshewantedtoseethedoctor.Thebossgavehersomeexcusesandescaped5.

(quick).解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處是間接引語。asksb.

todosth.

請求某人做某事。解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處是間接引語。根據(jù)前面的told可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)；此處主語herhand為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填was。解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾動(dòng)詞，故用副詞形式。togivewasquicklyIfeltbadforher.6.

IhadnevertalkedwithAmmabefore，Iwalkedtoherandopened