翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力分類(lèi)模擬題3

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力分類(lèi)模擬題3ReadingComprehension

PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica'sfirstblackpoet.She（江南博哥）wasborninSenegal,Africa,about1753andbroughttoAmericaaboardaslaveshipatabouttheageofseven.JohnandSusannahWheatleyboughtherforthreepoundsataslaveauctioninBostonin1761tobeapersonalservantofMrs.Wheatley.Thefamilyhadthreeotherslaves,andallweretreatedwithrespect.Phylliswassoonacceptedasoneofthefamily,whichincludedbeingraisedandeducatedwiththeWheatley'stwin15-year-oldchildren,MaryandNathaniel.Atthattime,mostfemales,evenfrombetterfamilies,couldnotreadandwrite,butMarywasprobablyoneofthebesteducatedyoungwomeninBoston.Marywantedtobecomeateacher,andinfact,itwasMarywhodecidedtotakechargeofPhyllis'seducation.Phyllissoondisplayedherremarkabletalents.AttheageoftwelveshewasreadingtheGreekandLatinclassicsandpassagesfromtheBible.Andeventually,Mrs.WheatleydecidedPhyllisshouldbecomeaChristian.

AttheageofthirteenPhylliswroteherfirstpoem.ShebecameaBostonsensationaftershewroteapoemonthedeathoftheevangelicalpreacherGeorgeWhitfieldin1770.ItbecamecommonpracticeinBostontohave"Mrs.Wheatley'sPhyllis"readpoetryinpolitesociety.Marymarriedin1771,andPhyllislatermovedtothecountrybecauseofpoorhealth,asateacherandcaretakertoafarmer'sthreechildren.MaryhadtriedtointerestpublishersinPhyllis'spoemsbutoncetheyheardshewasaNegrotheyweren'tinterested.

Thenin1773PhylliswentwithNathaniel,whowasnowabusinessman,toLondon.Itwasthoughtthataseavoyagemightimproveherhealth.Thirty-nineofherpoemswerepublishedinLondonasPoemson,VariousSubjects,ReligiousandMoral.ItwasthefirstbookpublishedbyablackAmerican.In1775PhylliswroteapoemextollingtheaccomplishmentsofGeorgeWashingtonandsentittohim.Herespondedbypraisinghertalentsandinvitinghertovisithisheadquarters.Afterbothofherbenefactorsdiedin1777,andMarydiedin1778,Phylliswasfreedasaslave.Shemarriedin1778,movedawayfromBoston,andhadthreechildren.Butaftertheunhappymarriage,shemovedbacktoBoston,anddiedinpovertyatthesageofthirty.1.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.SlaveryandthetreatmentoftheblackpeopleinAmerica.B.TheWheatleyfamily,includingtheirslaves.C.ThelifeofAmerica'sfirstblackpoet.D.TheachievementsofPhyllisWheatley.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀文章可知，本文首先談及PhyllisWheatley是美國(guó)第一個(gè)黑人詩(shī)人，接著描寫(xiě)了她的生平和生活經(jīng)歷，她的黑奴生活，她的教育、婚姻生活，直至死亡。由此可知，文章是講述美國(guó)第一位黑人詩(shī)人的一生。所以，答案是C。

2.

Theunderlinedword"respect"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.considerationB.disregardC.punishmentD.behavior正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，PhyllisWheatley雖被賣(mài)為奴隸，卻受到了尊重，很快就被當(dāng)作是家庭的一員。respect在句中意為“尊重”。consideration“體貼，照顧”；disregard“忽視”；punishment“懲罰”；behavior“行為”。所以，答案是A。

3.

Accordingtothepassage,howmanyslavesdidtheWheatley'shave?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句“Thefamilyhadthreeotherslaves”可知，這個(gè)家庭還有其他三個(gè)奴隸，加上PhyllisWheatley總共有4個(gè)奴隸。所以，答案是D。

4.

Accordingtothepassage,anunusualfeatureofMarywasthatshe______.A.wasnotmucholderthanPhyllisB.wantedtobecomeateacherC.wascomparativelywelleducatedD.decidedtotakechargeofPhyllis'seducation正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第六句“Atthattime,mostfemales,evenfrombetterfamilies,couldnotreadandwrite,butMarywasprobablyoneofthebesteducatedyoungwomeninBoston.”可知，即使是出身較好的女性都不會(huì)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字，但是Mary可能是波士頓受過(guò)最好教育的年輕女性之一。盡管A、B、D三項(xiàng)有關(guān)Mary的說(shuō)法也是正確的，但本題問(wèn)的是Mary本身?yè)碛械呐c眾不同的特點(diǎn)。所以，答案為C。

5.

Theunderlinedword"eventually"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ultimatelyB.slowlyC.reluctantlyD.gradually正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Andeventually,Mrs.WheatleydecidedPhyllisshouldbecomeaChristian.”可知，最終，Wheatley夫人決定讓Phyllis成為一個(gè)基督徒。eventually“最后，終于”；ultimately“最后”；slowly“緩慢地”；reluctantly“不情愿地”；gradually“逐漸地”。所以，答案是A。

6.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutPhyllisintheearly1770s?A.Shewroteherfirstpoemwheninherteens.B.Shemarriedin1771.C.Shebecameateacher.D.Shewasabletogetherpoemspublished.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheageofthirteenPhylliswroteherfirstpoem.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Marymarriedin1771,andPhyllislatermovedtothecountrybecauseofpoorhealth,asateacherandcaretakertoafarmer'sthreechildren.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thirty-nineofherpoemswerepublishedinLondonas.PoemsonVarionsSubjects,ReligionsandMoral.”可知，D項(xiàng)也正確。文中提到Mary是在1771年結(jié)婚，所以B項(xiàng)不正確。所以，答案是B。

7.

Theunderlinedword"they"inParagraph2refersto______.A.publishersB.poemsC.childrenD.blackpeople正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位在第二段最后一句“MaryhadtriedtointerestpublishersinPhyllis'spoemsbutoncetheyheardshewasaNegrotheyweren'tinterested.”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，they是指該句前半部分提到的publishers。所以，答案是A。

8.

ItcanbeinferredthatPhyllis'striptoEnglandwithNathanielin1773______.A.didnotimproveherhealthB.wasforbusinessreasonsC.ledtobooksofherpoemsbeingavailableinAmericaD.ledtothepublicationofherpoemsbecausetheEnglishweremoreinterestedinreligiousandmoralsubjects正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Itwasthoughtthataseavoyagemightimproveherhealth.”可知，人們認(rèn)為海上航行可能會(huì)改善他的身體狀況，但這只是人們的希望，并不一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以，答案是A。

9.

Theword"extolling"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.welcomingB.statingC.bemoaningD.praising正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第五句“In1775PhylliswroteapoemextollingtheaccomplishmentsofGeorgeWashingtonandsentittohim.”可知，Phyllis寫(xiě)詩(shī)“extolling”華盛頓的成就并將詩(shī)送給他。因此，extolling應(yīng)為“贊美”之意，welcoming“歡迎”；stating“陳述”；bemoaning“抱怨”；praising“表?yè)P(yáng)”。所以，答案是D。

10.

WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutPhyllisissupportedbythepassage?A.Shewouldhavebeenmorerecognizedasapoetifshehadnotbeenblack.B.ShewouldhavewrittenpoetryifshehadstayedinAfrica.C.Shewentunrecognizedasapoetduringherlifetime.D.Sheonlywrotereligiouspoetry.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，Phyllis才華橫溢，十二歲就能讀希臘、羅馬名著和《圣經(jīng)》，十三歲時(shí)就寫(xiě)出了第一首詩(shī)；但當(dāng)出版商得知她是黑人就對(duì)她不感興趣了。因此我們可以得出：如果她不是黑人，她會(huì)得到更多的認(rèn)可。所以，答案是A。

Somepeopleassociatemigrationmainlywithbirds.Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.Whentheweatherturnscold,theytravelsouthuntilspring.Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.TheyswimonlytotheGulfofAlaska.Inthespring,malesandfemalesallreturntotheislands,andtherethecyclebeginsagain.Whalesareamongthegreatestmigratorsofall.Thehumpbackandbluewhalesmigratethousandsofmileseachyearfromthepolarseastothetropics.Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton.Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.11.

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.peoplemigratelikeanimalsB.onlybirdsmigrateC.thefemalefursealsmigrateonlytotheGulfofAlaskaD.notallmammalsmigrate正確答案：D[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，A項(xiàng)不正確；根據(jù)第一段第二句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.”可知，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第六、七句“AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故這三項(xiàng)均可排除。所以，答案是D。

12.

Thephrase"Anexample"underlinedinParagraph1referstoanexampleofa______.A.migratorymammalB.placewhereanimalsmigrateC.migratingbirdD.personwhoassociatesmigrationwithbirds正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二、三句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou...”可知，上文提到哺乳動(dòng)物也遷徙；緊接著就說(shuō)其中一個(gè)例子是……。所以，這個(gè)例子應(yīng)指遷徙的哺乳動(dòng)物了。所以，答案是A。

13.

AllthemammalsalementionedasmigratingonesEXCEPT______.A.caribouB.finwhaleC.reindeerD.Alaskafurseal正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三句和第六句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.”可知，caribou,reindeer和Alaskafurseal都被以哺乳動(dòng)物提及。所以，只有B項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及。所以，答案是B。

14.

Wherecanyouseefromtheairthemigrationofthemammals?A.InthePribilotIslands.B.IntheBeringSea.C.InsouthernCalifornia.D.InnorthernCanada.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三、五句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada...Theirtracksarcsowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.”可知，馴鹿在加拿大北部的草原吃草，他們的遷徙路徑可以清晰地從空中看到。因此，答案為D。

15.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Whalesbreedinwinter.B.Youngwhalesalegivenbirthincoldwaters.C.Alaskafursealsgivebirthtotheyoungonlyinonearea.D.Alaskafursealsareborninwarmweather.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”可知，在冬天，Alaskafurseals遷徙到溫水中去繁殖和生養(yǎng)后代。故B項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確。所以，答案是B。

16.

Together______ofAlaskafursealsswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.A.mothersandtheyoungB.fathersandtheyoungC.parentsandtheyoungD.sealsandwhales正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中的“TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.”可知，母海豹和幼海豹會(huì)從白令海到北美太平洋海岸；而公海豹也會(huì)從白令海南下，只不過(guò)他們沒(méi)有母海豹和幼海豹走得遠(yuǎn)罷了。所以，答案是C。

17.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?A.Whalesmigratetobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.B.Whale-watchinginBostoninsummerisattracting.C.Sealsbreedinthenorthbeforemigration.D.Reindeerfeedongrass.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”第七句“ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”第三句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.”可知，A、C、D三句在文中都有提及。只有B項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提到。所以，答案是B。

18.

Whalesliveon______.A.tinyplantsandanimalsintheseaB.thegrassyslopesofnorthernCanadaC.theiryoungincoldwinterD.theabundantseafoodintropicwaters正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三、四句“Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton(浮游生物).Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.”可知，鯨以大量浮游生物為生。所以，答案是A。

19.

Howmanykindsofmigratingmammalsarementionedinthepassage?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。閱讀文章可知，文中主要提到了reindeer,theAlaskafurseal和Whales這三種遷徙的哺乳動(dòng)物。所以，答案是B。

20.

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThreeTypesofWhalesB.BirdsMigrationC.MammalsAlsoMigrateD.SeveralKindsofMigration正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。閱讀全文可知，本文主要講不僅僅是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙，一些哺乳動(dòng)物也遷徙，并講述了三種遷徙的哺乳動(dòng)物。文章并未仔細(xì)談及幾種類(lèi)型的遷徙。所以，答案是C。

Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommunication.

Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelectronicmailarethreatenedbytheextremelyrapidgrowthinthevolumeofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail.Unsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailiscurrentlyestimatedtoaccountforoverhalfofallelectronicmailtraffic,upfromanestimated7percentin2001,andthevolumecontinuestorise.Mostofthesemessagesarefraudulentordeceptiveinoneormorerespects.

Thereceiptofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailmayresultincoststorecipientswhocannotrefusetoacceptsuchmailandwhoincurcostsforthestorageofsuchmail,orforthetimespentaccessing,reviewing,anddiscardingsuchmail,orforboth.Thereceiptofalargenumberofunwantedmessagesalsodecreasestheconvenienceofelectronicmailandcreatesariskthatwantedelectronicmailmessages,bothcommercialandnoncommercial,willbelost,overlooked,ordiscardedamidstthelargervolumeofunwantedmessages,thusreducingthereliabilityandusefulnessofelectronicmailtotherecipient.Somecommercialelectronicmailcontainsmaterialthatmanyrecipientsmayconsidervulgarorpornographicinnature.

ThegrowthinunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailimposessignificantmonetarycostsonprovidersofInternetaccessservices,businesses,andeducationalandnonprofitinstitutionsthatcarryandreceivesuchmail,asthereisafinitevolumeofmailthatsuchproviders,businesses,andinstitutionscanhandlewithoutfurtherinvestmentininfrastructure.Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullydisguisethesourceofsuchmail.

Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullyincludemisleadinginformationinthemessages'subjectlinesinordertoinducetherecipientstoviewthemessages.Whilesomesendersofcommercialelectronicmailmessagesprovidesimpleandreliablewaysforrecipientstoreject(or"opt-out"of)receiptofcommercialelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,othersendersprovidenosuch"opt-out"mechanism,orrefusetohonortherequestsofrecipientsnottoreceiveelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,orboth.

ManysendersofbulkunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailusecomputerprogramstogatherlargenumbersofelectronicmailaddressesonanautomatedbasisfromInternetwebsitesoronlineserviceswhereusersmustposttheiraddressesinordertomakefulluseofthewebsiteorservice.

Theproblemsassociatedwiththerapidgrowthandabuseofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailcannotbesolvedbythegovernmentalone.Thedevelopmentandadoptionoftechnologicalapproachesandthepursuitofcooperativeeffortswithothercountrieswillbenecessaryaswell.21.

Accordingtothepassage,efficiencyofe-mailisthreatenedby______.A.heavye-mailtrafficB.fraudulente-mailmessagesC.largevolumeofmessagesD.increasingamountofunwantede-mail正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelectronicmailarethreatenedbyunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail”，從第三段得知unsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail指的是unwantedmessages。所以，答案是D。

22.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutunwantede-mail?A.Itcostsmoneytoreceivethem.B.It'sfreetostorethem.C.Ittakestimetoaccessthem.D.Ittakestimetothrowthemaway.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Thereceiptofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailmayresultincoststorecipientswhocannotrefusetoacceptsuchmailandwhoincurcostsforthestorageofsuchmail,orforthetimespentaccessing,reviewing,anddiscardingsuchmail,orforboth.”可知，A、C、D三項(xiàng)均正確；根據(jù)此句可知，儲(chǔ)存此信息要收費(fèi)用，因此選項(xiàng)B不正確。所以，答案是B。

23.

Unwantede-mailmay______.A.causecompaniestofailinbusinessB.causewantede-mailmessagestoloseC.damagethecreditofacompanyD.dogoodtoasmallcompany正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thereceiptofalargenumberofunwantedmessagesalsodecreasestheconvenienceofelectronicmailandcreatesariskthatwantedelectronicmailmessages,bothcommercialandnoncommercial,willbelost,overlooked,ordiscarded...”可知，收到大量垃圾短信有可能會(huì)使有用的信息丟失。所以，答案是B。

24.

"Pornographic"inParagraph3probablymeans______.A.decentB.instructionalC.sexualD.commercial正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位在第三段最后一句“Somecommercialelectronicmailcontainsmaterialthatmanyrecipientsmayconsidervulgarorpornographicinnature.”or前后連接的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該相近，因此，pornographic應(yīng)與or前面的vulgar“粗俗的”近義；decent“正派的，有分寸的”，instructional“指導(dǎo)的，教育的”，sexual“性的”，commercial“商業(yè)的”。pornographic“色情的”。所以，答案是C。

25.

Whatdoesunwantede-mailmessagesdototheprovidersoftheInternetservices?A.Raisingtheircost.B.RaisingtheInternetspeed.C.Improvingtheirbusiness.D.Attractinginvestment.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“ThegrowthinunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailimposessignificantmonetarycostsonprovidersofInternetaccessservices,businesses,andeducationalandnonprofitinstitutionsthat...”可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的增多會(huì)增加因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商的費(fèi)用。所以，答案是A。

26.

"Disguise"inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.revealB.hideC.deliverD.post正確答案：B[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullydisguisethesourceofsuchmail.”可知，很多未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者會(huì)故意disguise此類(lèi)郵件的來(lái)源。根據(jù)上文可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件有許多危害，所以發(fā)送者不希望人們知道信息來(lái)源；因此，hide“隱藏，掩飾”符合語(yǔ)境。reveal“展現(xiàn)，揭示”；deliver“遞送，陳述”；post“郵遞，張貼”；均不正確。disguise“隱瞞，掩飾”。所以，答案是B。

27.

Theword"induce"inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto______.A.cheatB.introduceC.provideD.harm正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullyincludemisleadinginformationinthemessages'subjectlinesinordertoinducetherecipientstoviewthemessages”可知，很多未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者會(huì)故意包含一些誤導(dǎo)人的信息以induce郵件的接收者。cheat“欺騙，騙取”，introduce“介紹”，provide“提供”，harm“傷害”，A項(xiàng)意思符合語(yǔ)境。所以，答案是A。

28.

"Opt-out"mechanismisprobably______.A.amachinethatcanbeattachedtoyourcomputerB.abuttonthatyoucanmakeachoicetoreadornottoreadC.asoftwarethatyoucanplayacomputergameD.ane-mailthatsayssomegoodwordstoyou正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。解題點(diǎn)位于第五段第二句“Whilesomesendersofcommercialelectronicmailmessagesprovidesimpleandreliablewaysforrecipientstoreject(or'opt-out'of)receiptofcommercialelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,othersendersprovidenosuch'opt-out'mechanism,orrefusetohonortherequestsofrecipientsnottoreceiveelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,orboth.”分析句子可知，一些垃圾郵件發(fā)送者為接收者提供一些簡(jiǎn)單可靠的方式讓他們拒絕在以后受到此類(lèi)信息，而另一些發(fā)送者不提供此類(lèi)方式。'opt-out'mechanism應(yīng)指“提供一些簡(jiǎn)單可靠的方式讓他們拒絕在以后受到此類(lèi)信息”，即接收者有權(quán)選擇讀或是不讀此類(lèi)信息。所以，答案是B。

29.

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph6thatbulkunsolicitedcommerciale-mailwillprobablyspread______.A.harmfulvirusB.unpleasantnewsC.advertisementsD.adultjokes正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第六段內(nèi)容可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者利用電腦程序自動(dòng)從國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站或在線服務(wù)來(lái)收集大量的e-mail地址，他們會(huì)向這些地址發(fā)送unwantedmessages，發(fā)送這些郵件的目的當(dāng)然是發(fā)送廣告。所以，答案是C。

30.

Theunwantede-mailproblemcanbesolvedif______.A.thegovernmenttakesactionB.anewtechnologyisadoptedC.morepeopleareawareoftheproblemD.jointeffortsaremadeandnewtechnologyisused正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theproblemsassociatedwiththerapidgrowthandabuseofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailcannotbesolvedbythegovernmentalone.Thedevelopmentandadoptionoftechnologicalapproachesandthepursuitofcooperativeeffortswithothercountrieswillbenecessaryaswell.”可知，A、B兩項(xiàng)均不全面；C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容未提及。只有D項(xiàng)“人們共同的努力和新技術(shù)的使用”最全面。所以，答案是D。

Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.

Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.Peersareequalsthatonecandealwithonthesamelevelasoneself,whereasparentsaresuperiors.Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.

Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit.Duringthecourseofteachingtheirsubjects,classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.

Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.Children'sbooks,comicsandmagazinesmightalsohavebeenmentionedassourcesofinformationonnormsandrolemodels.Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.Manypeoplelearnaboutpolitics,formavisionofwell-being,anddevelopattitudestowardsothersfromwhattheyseeonthescreenandhearthroughthespeakers.31.

Inthispassage,agentsofsocializationreferto______.A.themediaB.individualsC.allchannelsD.organizations正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”和第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”可知，agentsofsocialization是sourceofinformationandsocialization，即是信息和社會(huì)渠道。因此，正確答案是C。

32.

Theauthor'schiefagentsincludethefollowingEXCEPTthe______.A.familyB.groupC.schoolD.Internet正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”和第三段第一二句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均正確。只有D項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提及。故答案是D。

33.

Thechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldarounditisformed______.A.atkindergartenB.intheearliestmonthsC.byclassroominstructorsD.throughinteractionwithparents正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.”可知，答案是B。

34.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Languageshapesaninfant'sperception.B.Languageelicitsaninfant'semotions.C.Languageformsaninfant'sculturalawareness.D.Languageformsaninfant'sbasicunderstanding.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查非題判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)均正確。只有C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。所以，答案是C。

35.

Accordingtothispassage,______makessomekindoflearningdifficult.A.longdistanceB.formalityC.muchindulgenceD.familyinfluence正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.”可知，令某種學(xué)習(xí)困難的是Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationships，即D項(xiàng)familyinfluence。所以，答案是D。

36.

Peersareoneofthe______agentsofsocialization.A.formalB.indirectC.primaryD.personal正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.”可知，其中的friends即本題中所指的peers。所以，答案是C。

37.

______arethefirstformalsocializationagents.A.InfantnurturersB.FamilymembersC.GrouppeersD.Schoolteachers正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，其中的professionals和后面的teachersfromkindergartenon指的即是從幼兒園開(kāi)始的教師教育。所以，答案是D。

38.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTimpliedinthepassage?A.Teachersaresociable.B.Teachersarerolemodels.C.Teachersarepaidagentsofsocialization.D.Teachersareknowledgeableandskillful.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三、四句“Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit...classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.”可知，B和D兩項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)specificallydesignated...可推論出既然是委派，則應(yīng)該帶薪的，故C正確。因此，答案為A。

39.

______are/ispowerfulindirectsocializationagents.A.ParentsB.FriendsC.TeachersD.Themedia正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位于文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.”其中廣播、電影和電視均屬于媒體。因此，答案是D。

40.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ChildhoodSocializersB.Norms&RoleModelsC.SourcesofInformationD.AgentsofSocialization正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文全從頭至尾主要是列舉一些重要的agentsofsocialization/sourceofinformationandsocialization，因此，D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。而A、B、C三項(xiàng)均比較片面。所以，答案是D。

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict.therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife,Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thisisnot,strictlyspeaking,cooperationatall,andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.41.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinParagraph1ofthepassage?A.ToexplainhowcooperationdiffersfromcompetitionandconflictB.ToshowtheimportanceofgrouporganizationandattitudesC.ToofferabriefdefinitionofcooperationD.Tourgereaderstocooperatemoreoften正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.”可知，此句主要是解釋Cooperation的定義，隨后又作了類(lèi)比。所以，答案是C。

42.

Theunderlinedword"cherished"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.prizedB.basedonC.definedD.setup正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。reachajointlycherishedgoal應(yīng)與or前的performatask同義或近義；后者表示“完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，所以前者表示“達(dá)到一個(gè)共同______的目標(biāo)”。prized“有價(jià)值的”，basedon“基于”，defined“定義”，setup“建立”。比較可知，答案是A。

43.

Intheprimarycooperation______.A.groupandindividualdon'thavetouniteB.thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachperson'slifeC.individualsworkforthemselvesD.peopledon'tvaluecooperation正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第二句“Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooper