Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures限制性定語從句之關(guān)系詞的確定課件高一上學(xué)期英語人教版

Unit4NaturaldisastersDiscoveringusefulstructures什么是主句、定語從句、先行詞、關(guān)系詞？ThisistheboywhowonthefistprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語從句后的部分，是句子的主句。定語從句：修飾主句中的一個名詞或代詞的句子是定語從句。個人預(yù)學(xué)主句先行詞：先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞?？键c(diǎn)1.相關(guān)概念第1講

關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧教師導(dǎo)學(xué)Ⅰ指人時可以用who，也可用thatDoyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Ⅱ指物時可以用which，也可用thatIlikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Ⅲwhose可以指人也可以指物Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.IV關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight注：()表示關(guān)系代詞省略A.關(guān)系代詞教師導(dǎo)學(xué)關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能作狀語。when指時間，where指地點(diǎn)，why指原因，how不能作關(guān)系詞。Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhenthe

weathermaybebetter.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作關(guān)系詞)B.關(guān)系副詞用符號標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞主句：

定語從句：

先行詞：

關(guān)系詞：例：ThisisthebookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.1.Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.2.I

stillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.3.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.4.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.5.Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn'tbefriends.6.Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.

7.Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)教師導(dǎo)學(xué)考點(diǎn)2.關(guān)系詞的三個作用Heworksinafactory,whichisnotfarfromhishome.本句中，關(guān)系詞是which，在定語從句中作主語，指代先行詞factory的意思，起著連接兩個分句的作用。A.作定語從句的一個句子成分B.起著連接主句和從句的作用C.指代先行詞的意思教師導(dǎo)學(xué)考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧Ⅰ找：就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分(關(guān)系詞劃分在從句里面)，再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ還：根據(jù)先行詞提示的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話(可以添詞)。Ⅲ提問：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分。實(shí)際上就是對定語從句中添加部分進(jìn)行提問。對主語和賓語提問，要用代詞；對狀語提問，要用副詞。時間狀語用when，地點(diǎn)狀語用where,原因狀語用why。

A.選用關(guān)系詞的方法：一找、二還、三提問訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧應(yīng)用舉例1：Thisistheschool

Ioncestudied.一找：

Thisistheschool

Ioncestudied.二還：先行詞是theschool，由于關(guān)系詞指代先行詞的意思，所以橫線上詞的詞義是“那個學(xué)?！薄０讯ㄕZ從句心那個學(xué)校

Ioncestudied”恢復(fù)成完整的一句話為：Ioncestudiedattheschool.三提問：添加的

attheschool在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，要用where來提問，因此這里要填關(guān)系副詞where.考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧Thisistheschool

isthemostfamousinthecity.一找：Thisistheschool

isthemostfamousinthecity.二還：先行詞是theschool，由于關(guān)系詞指代先行詞的意思，所以橫線上詞的詞義是“那個學(xué)校”。把定語從句“那個學(xué)校isthemostfamousinthecity”恢復(fù)成完整的一句話為：Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.三提問：添加的theschool在從句中作主語，對其提問要問“哪一個(學(xué)校)在這個城市最出名”，因此用which。關(guān)系代詞是which時，也可以用that。因此，橫線上要填關(guān)系代詞which或that。應(yīng)用舉例2：訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧一找：Theboy

fatherisapolicemanofferedtohelp.二還：先行詞是theboy，由于關(guān)系詞指代先行詞的意思，所以橫線上詞的詞義是“那個男孩”。把定語從句“那個男孩fatherisapoliceman”恢復(fù)成完整的一句話為:Theboy'sfatherisapoliceman.三提問：添加的theboy's在從句中作father的定語，對其提問要說“誰的父親是一個警察？”，故用whose。因此，橫線上要填關(guān)系代詞whose。應(yīng)用舉例3：訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)Theboy

fatherisapolicemanofferedtohelp.考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧Thisisthereason

hewaslatethatday.一找：Thisisthereason

hewaslatethatday.二還：先行詞是thereason，由于關(guān)系詞指代先行詞的意思，所以橫線上詞的詞義是“這個原因”。把定語從句“這個原因hewaslatethatday”恢復(fù)成完整的一句話為：Hewaslatethatdayforthereason.三提問：添加的forthereason在從句中作原因狀語，對共提問要說“為什么他遲到了？”，故用why。因此，橫線上要填關(guān)系副詞why應(yīng)用舉例4：訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧Doyouremembertheday

wemetforthefirst

time?一找：Doyouremembertheday

wemetforthefirst

time?二還：先行詞是theday，由于關(guān)系詞指代先行詞的意思，所以橫線上詞的詞義是“這一天”。把定語從句“這一天wemetforthefirsttime”恢復(fù)成完整的一句話為：Wemetforthefirsttimeontheday.三提問：添加的ontheday在從句中作時間狀語，對其提問要說“什么時候我們第一次見面？”，故用when。因此，橫線上要填關(guān)系副詞when.應(yīng)用舉例5：訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)B.選用哪個關(guān)系詞，關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分含有定語從句的復(fù)合句可以分為兩部分：主句和從句。關(guān)系詞是定語從句的一個成分。選用關(guān)系詞，要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是什么詞性。1.Heworkedinthefactory

whichproducesTVsets.2.Heworkedinthefactory

wherehisfatherhadworked.3.Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.4.Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句1和句3中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作主語，因此用的都是關(guān)系代詞which;在句2和句4中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作狀語，因此都是用關(guān)系副詞where。教師導(dǎo)學(xué)C.注意：關(guān)系詞一般要位于定語從句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup

hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding,A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案與分析：A沒有關(guān)系詞，不能連接兩句話；C介詞后不能用that；D關(guān)系詞一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是關(guān)系代詞作賓語，放在句首并且省略了。因此選B.B教師導(dǎo)學(xué)1.Isthisthereason

heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why2.Isthisthereason

hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why3.Helivesinavillage

isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose4.Helivesinthevillage

hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose5.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces

couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what練習(xí).利用“一找、二還、三提問”的方法選擇關(guān)系詞ADABC訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)7.I'llneverforgetthedays

wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB8.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday

mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where9.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways

donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that10.Isthisthefactory

colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich練習(xí).利用“一找、二還、三提問”的方法選擇關(guān)系詞DCDD訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)11.Thisisthefactory

producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich12.【2011陜西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,

weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that13.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents

allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who14.【2012江西】By16:30,

wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that練習(xí).利用“一找、二還、三提問”的方法選擇關(guān)系詞CBAA訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)第2講關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why三個，在定語從句中一般作狀語；how不能作關(guān)系副詞。A.when→介詞+whichIwillneverforgettheday

wemetforthefirsttime.考點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系副詞可以與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”相轉(zhuǎn)換先行詞是theday，定語從句恢復(fù)成完整的一句話是：Wemetforthefirsttimeontheday.把ontheday替換為關(guān)系詞要用when;只把theday替換為關(guān)系詞要用which,ontheday就成了onwhich。因此，這里可以填關(guān)系副詞when，也可用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”onwhich。when/onwhich個人預(yù)學(xué)B.why→for+whichIdon’tknowthereason

hedidit.考點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系副詞可以與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”相轉(zhuǎn)換C.where→介詞+whichThisisthefarm

weworkedwhenwewereyoung.why/forwhich先行詞是thereason，定語從句恢復(fù)成完整的一句話：Hediditforthereason.把forthereason替換為關(guān)系詞要用why；把thereason替換為關(guān)系詞要用which，forthereason就成了forwhich。因此這里填why/forwhich。先行詞是farm，定語從句恢復(fù)成完整的一句話后是：Weworkedonthefarmwhenwewereyoung。onthefarm可以替換為where/onwhich。因此填where/onwhich。where/onwhich教師導(dǎo)學(xué)1.【2015陜西】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime

heshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when2.【2009重慶】Lifeislikealongrace

wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where3.【2013四川】Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment

theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtotheisland

hegrewupasachild.A.inwhichB.thatC.onwhichD.when5.Thisisthereason

hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.thatC.forwhichD.becausewhich練習(xí)：DDDCC訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)考點(diǎn)2.theway先行詞，并且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系詞要用

inwhich/that/省略首先要確定

theway在定語從句中作什么成分。如果theway在定語從句中作主語或賓語，要選用關(guān)系代詞。①Idon’tliketheway

willcosttoomuchmoney.②Theway

hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.that/whichthat/which/省略

1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.課本P52用符號標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞主句：

定語從句：

先行詞：

關(guān)系詞：訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)Findmoresentenceswithrestrictiveclausefromthetextonpage50.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.(Paragraph1)Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadly

earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.(Paragraph2)Twothirdsofthepeoplewho

livedthereweredeadorinjured.(Paragraph2)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.(Paragraph2)...thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(Paragraph4)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.(Paragraph4)1.Herearesomeofthepeople_______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople________

wereasleep.3.Thenextday,eopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything____theycouldfind.whosewhothat2.Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or/.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)課本P524.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_______hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_______motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.

Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby________shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?

whichwhosewhowhom訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)學(xué)第3講

介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系代詞直接跟在介詞后時，只可用whom或which,不可用who,that.關(guān)系代詞不直接位于介詞后時，也可用who,that，也可省略。判斷下列句子是否正確，如有錯誤，請改正過來1.HeisthemanwithwhoshewenttoEurope.2.HeisthemanwhomshewenttoEuropewith.3.HeisthemanwhoshewenttoEuropewith.4.HeisthemanthatshewenttoEuropewith.5.HeisthemanshewenttoEuropewith.who改為whom

考點(diǎn)2.lookafter,lookfor等固定短語動詞在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開，如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.Thisisthebaby

tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafterB考點(diǎn)4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”作后置定語時，可移到所修飾詞之前1.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.籃子里有好多蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。2.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.我們班總共有40個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。3.Chinahashundredsofislandsoffitssoutheastcoast,

thelargestofwhich(=ofwhichthelargest)isTaiwan.4.Tomtriedontwojackets,neitherofwhich(=ofwhichneither)fittedhim.5.They'vegotthreecars,twoofwhich=(ofwhichtwo)theyneveruse.6.Thefactoryhasover8,000workers,eightypercentofwhom=(ofwhomeightypercent)arewomen.1.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,

NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich2.Inourclassthereare46students,

halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem3.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,

thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhichCCA練習(xí):第4講

只能用that不能用which的情況考點(diǎn)1.先行詞是anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代詞時,關(guān)系詞只能用that.1.Heneverreadsanything

isnotworthreading.A.whichB.asC.whoD.that2.【2010全國2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething

wassomeoneelse'sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.whatDB考點(diǎn)2.先行詞是all,much,little,none或先行詞被all,much,little,no,any修飾時,關(guān)系詞只能用that。1.Thereisnotmuch

canbedone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Thereisnodifficulty

can'tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatAA考點(diǎn)3.先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame修飾時，

關(guān)系詞只能用that。

1.Themostimportantthing

weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing

Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;thatD考點(diǎn)4.先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞用that1.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist

wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatD考點(diǎn)5.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語,關(guān)系詞只能用that。1.Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl

sheusedtobe.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.thatD考點(diǎn)6.當(dāng)先行詞前面有which，who等疑問代詞時，為避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代詞that1.Whoistheperson

isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomB第5講

其他有關(guān)關(guān)系代詞選擇的規(guī)則考點(diǎn)1.只用which,who,whom不用that的情況A.關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時，要用which,不用that;要用whom,不用whoManyyoungpeope,most

theirdreams.ofwhomB.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，要用which，who,whom，不用that，也不能省略Thatevening,

Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whenB考點(diǎn)2.whose可指人也可指物若指物，它還可以與ofwhich互換；若指人，一般不與ofwhom互換。1.Helivesinahouse.Itswindowfacessouth.—Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.2.Helivesinahouse.Thewindowofitfacessouth.→Helivesinahouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.→Helivesinahouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.Heisthefarmer.HissonisstudyinginTsinghuaUniversity.由于我們一般說hisson，不說thesonofhim，(有生命的常用名詞所有格而不用of屬格)因此我們只能說：HeisthefarmerwhosesonisstudyinginTsinghuaUniversity.而不能說：Heisthefarmer,thesonofwhomisstudyinginTsinghuaUniversity.7.Isawsometrees

theleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.whereB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.whoseB考點(diǎn)3.當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all指人時，關(guān)系代詞常用whoAnyone

isagainstusisourenemy.All

heardthestorywereamazed.whowho第4講

as,but,than用作關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)1.as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句例題：

Ihadneverheardsuchaninterestingstory

youtoldmeyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.that/which有些同學(xué)可能選擇D，這說明有關(guān)定語從句的基本知識ea學(xué)得不錯，但知識還是有漏洞。要記?。合旅嫠姆N情況，關(guān)系代詞要用as而不能用that,which.CA.先行詞被such修飾時，構(gòu)成“such...as...”DutIt'ssuchaheavystoneasnobodycanmove.那是一塊重得沒人能移得動的石頭。(as作賓語)Don'ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyo