四川成都中考英語(yǔ)2022-2024真題匯編-教師版-專(zhuān)題09 任務(wù)型閱讀

三年（2022-2024）中考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（成都專(zhuān)用）專(zhuān)題09任務(wù)型閱讀考點(diǎn)01科普知識(shí)說(shuō)明文（2024·四川成都·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成圖表中所缺信息。Humanshavelongtriedtopredict(預(yù)測(cè))theweather.Fromthehuntersofancienttimestotoday’spilots,predictingrainorshinecanshapepeople’slifeandmakeadifference.In650BC,theBabylonianstriedtopredicttheweatherbasedontheappearanceofclouds.Around340BC,Aristotle,afamousGreekthinkerandscientist,wroteMeteorologica.Itintroducedthetypesofweather,suchasrain,cloudandlightning.Aristotlebelievedthattherewaswater,airandfirearoundtheEarth.Itwasalmost2,000yearsbeforehisideaswerereplacedbynewones.By300BCinChina,acalendardividedtheyearinto24festivalsgradually,eachfestivalrelatedtoatypeofweather,liketheRainWater(thestartofthespringrains),theWakingofInsects(thespringthunderawakenssleepinginsects)andsoon.Thatwasusefulforfarmerstoplanwhentoplantandharvest(收獲).Peopleusedlotsofwaystopredicttheweatheroverthecenturies.Youmighthaveheardtheexpressionslike“Redskyatnight,sailor’sdelight”,whichsuggestsaredskyintheeveningisfollowedbygoodweather.Thishasabasisinscience,asdoestellingwinddirectionthroughsmokefromthefire.Ontheotherhand,somethoughtthatifsheepcrowdedtogether,itmeantrain.Butthereisn’tanysciencebehindit.Thescienceofweatherpredictionreallytookoffinthe1830swiththeinventionofthetelegraph.Itsentmessagesoverhundredsofthousandsofmiles,soweathermapsweredrawnupandstormsystemswerestudied.Thenextbigstepcameinthe1920swiththeinventionofthe“radiosonde”,aballooncarryingweatherinstrumentshighabovethegroundtocollectinformation.Expertstooktheinformationandbuiltapictureoftheweatheroverthefollowingfewdays.Today,supercomputersareusedtotakedata(數(shù)據(jù))fromtheworldandprocessitveryfasttoworkouttheweather.Forexample,theyoncehelpedpredictwhereHurricaneLee,whichhittheUSandCanada,wouldlandninedaysinadvance(提前).1．2．3．4．5．【答案】1．science2．farming3．partly4．use5．process【解析】本文講述了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人類(lèi)一直試圖預(yù)測(cè)天氣。1．根據(jù)“Thescienceofweatherpredictionreallytookoffinthe1830swiththeinventionofthetelegraph.”可知預(yù)測(cè)天氣人們從以前靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)到現(xiàn)在的利用科學(xué)，science“科學(xué)”，故填science。2．根據(jù)“By300BCinChina,acalendardividedtheyearinto24festivalsgradually…Thatwasusefulforfarmerstoplanwhentoplantandharvest(收獲).”可知24節(jié)氣可以在農(nóng)業(yè)方面指導(dǎo)農(nóng)民農(nóng)作，farming“農(nóng)業(yè)”，故填farming。3．根據(jù)“Peopleusedlotsofwaystopredicttheweatheroverthecenturies…Thishasabasisinscience,asdoestellingwinddirectionthroughsmokefromthefire.Ontheotherhand,somethoughtthatifsheepcrowdedtogether,itmeantrain.Butthereisn’tanysciencebehindit.”可知幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們用很多方法來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)天氣，有部分是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的，partly“部分地”副詞修飾形容詞，故填partly。4．根據(jù)“Thescienceofweatherpredictionreallytookoffinthe1830swiththeinventionofthetelegraph.”可知電報(bào)的發(fā)明標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)在預(yù)測(cè)天氣中的使用，use“使用”，故填use。5．根據(jù)“Today,supercomputersareusedtotakedata(數(shù)據(jù))fromtheworldandprocessitveryfasttoworkouttheweather.”可知超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)可以以非?？斓乃俣葟氖澜缟汐@取并處理數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)計(jì)算天氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形，process“處理”，故填process?？键c(diǎn)02使用地圖科普知識(shí)說(shuō)明文（2023·四川成都·中考真題）完成圖表根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成圖表中所缺信息。Mapsmarkseas,countries,citiesandourhomes,andguideusthroughtheworld.Toknowthembetter,let’stakealookathowmapshavechangedoverthecenturies.Manyancientcountriesusedmaps.OneofthefirstisthoughttohavebeendrawnonthewallinLascaux,France,around16,500yearsago.Hiddenamongthedrawingsofbirdsandbulls(公牛)isamapofthestars.TheBabylonianMapoftheWorldistheoldestknownearthlymap,whichshowsBabylonanditsneighboringtownsonthestone.ClaudiusPtolemymademapsgoglobal.BorninEgyptaround100AD,hewasthefirstpersontotrytomakeaworldmap.Withthehelpofmath,Ptolemymarkedaround10,000locationsfromBritaintoAsiaandAfrica.PerhapsthemostcommonlyusedworldmapistheMercatorProjection.Itwasintroducedin1569byGerardusMercator.Animportantpartofmapsistheimaginarylinesoflongitude,latitudeandtheequator.Mercatortooktheglobeandmadeitflat(平的),buttodothishehadtomaketheareasfurthernorthandsouthlarger,whiletheareasnearerthemiddlestayabouttherightsize.ThereasonforthisisthattheEarthislikeaball,butamapisflat.Itiseasytofindplaces,butsomepeoplesaiditwasunfairbecauseplacesincludingCanada,theUKandEuropeappearedmuchbiggerthantheyreallywere.Inthe19thand20thcenturies,moderntechnologyallowedmapmakerstoproducemapsshowinglocationsexactly.Today,manypeopleviewmapsontheirphones.ResearchersareworkingtomaptheflooroftheoceansandtolocateeverytreeonEarth.ScientistsarealsotryingtomapthepastbyusingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thisinventionwillcollectlightfromstarsandmayfindthesecretsaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse(宇宙).TheHistoryofMapsMapsprovideuswithinformationof41.Ancientmaps*Oneofthefirstmapsisamapof42around16,500yearsago.*TheoldestearthlymapistheBabylonianMapoftheWorld.Mapsgoglobal*Thefirstworldmapwasdrawnbyusing43.*TheimaginarylinesintroducedtotheMercatorProjectionmadeitmostcommonlyused,butitstillneeded44.Mapsand45*Mapscanbeusedonthephone.*Mapscanhelpusknowmoreabouttheoceans,thelandandtheuniversethroughJWST.【答案】41．geography42．thestars43．math/maths44．improvement45．moderntechnology【解析】本文主要介紹了地圖的發(fā)展歷程。41．根據(jù)“Mapsmarkseas,countries,citiesandourhomes,andguideusthroughtheworld”可知，地圖標(biāo)記著海洋、國(guó)家、城市和我們的家園，指引我們環(huán)游世界，也就是地圖給我們提供地理的相關(guān)信息，故填geography。42．根據(jù)“OneofthefirstisthoughttohavebeendrawnonthewallinLascaux,France,around16,500yearsago.Hiddenamongthedrawingsofbirdsandbulls(公牛)isamapofthestars.”可知，最早的地圖之一是16500年前的一幅星圖，故填thestars。43．根據(jù)“BorninEgyptaround100AD,hewasthefirstpersontotrytomakeaworldmap.Withthehelpofmath,Ptolemymarkedaround10,000locationsfromBritaintoAsiaandAfrica”可知，第一幅世界地圖是用數(shù)學(xué)繪制的，故填math(s)。44．根據(jù)“Itiseasytofindplaces,butsomepeoplesaiditwasunfairbecauseplacesincludingCanada,theUKandEuropeappearedmuchbiggerthantheyreallywere”可知，找地方很容易，但有些人說(shuō)這是不公平的，因?yàn)榘幽么?、英?guó)和歐洲在內(nèi)的地方看起來(lái)比它們的實(shí)際面積大得多，也就是還需要改進(jìn)，故填improvement。45．根據(jù)“Inthe19thand20thcenturies,moderntechnologyallowedmapmakerstoproducemapsshowinglocationsexactly”可知，緊接著介紹了地圖和現(xiàn)代科技的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故填moderntechnology?？键c(diǎn)03科普知識(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)法律/法規(guī)中華文化說(shuō)明文（2022·四川成都·中考真題）完成圖表。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成圖表中所缺信息。Environmentalprotectionisoneofthehottesttopicsnowadays.ItwasalsosomethingthatancientChinesepaidgreatattentionto.Infact,theworld’searliestenvironmentalprotectionidea,ministry（部門(mén)）andlawwereallborninChina.HowdidtheancientChineseprotecttheenvironment?Theworld’searliestideaof“managingstateaffairs（政事）throughenvironmentalprotection”Xunzi,afamousthinkerintheWarringStatesPeriod,cameupwiththeideaof“managingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection”.Hewroteinhisbookthatvegetation（植被）shouldbeprotectedwellbyhumans.GuanZhong,agovernmentofficer400yearsaheadofXunzi,wasalsoanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Hesaid“akingwhocannotprotecthisvegetationisnotdoingagoodjob”.Theworld’searliest“environmentalprotectionministry”NineministriessetupbyShun,anancientChineseemperor,included“Yu”（虞）,anenvironmentalprotectionministry.Thefirst“Yu”leaderwasBoyi,anenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Heinventedwellssopeoplecoulddrinkcleanwater.Heknewalotaboutanimalsandalsocalledforanimalprotection.Theworld’searliest“environmentalprotectionlaw”O(jiān)ver4,000yearsago,Dayu,anancientChinesewater-controlexpertandalsoanemperor,madearule,notallowingpeopletocutdowntreesinMarchorcatchfishinJune,becauseitwasthetimewhentheygrewquickly.Almost3,000yearsago,Tianlü,thefirstenvironmentalprotectionlaw,appearedinQin.Itrecordedmanyancientenvironmentalprotectionrules.Twoofthemwereinteresting:firstly,riversshouldnotbeblocked（堵塞）;secondly,grassandtreesshouldnotbeburnedtobefertilizer（肥料）exceptforsummer.Thesecondoneisinspiringevenfortoday.Itcanhelptokeepaircleanandfresh.1．2．3．4．5．【答案】1．Practice2．considered3．improved4．right5．smoothly【解析】本文介紹了中國(guó)古代最早的環(huán)保理念、環(huán)保部門(mén)以及環(huán)保法律。1．根據(jù)“Infact,theworld’searliestenvironmentalprotectionidea,ministry（部門(mén)）andlawwereallborninChina.HowdidtheancientChineseprotecttheenvironment?”以及下文的介紹可知，本文主要是介紹中國(guó)古代最早的環(huán)境保護(hù)思想與實(shí)踐的情況，practice“實(shí)踐”，此處是作為文章的主題，實(shí)詞首字母要大寫(xiě)，故填Practice。2．根據(jù)“Xunzi,afamousthinkerintheWarringStatesPeriod...Hewroteinhisbookthatvegetation（植被）shouldb