第二學(xué)期選擇題課件

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbloodvaluedeterminationsismostlikelytobeusedtoevaluatetheadequacyoffluidreplacementtherapyforaburnpatient?A.Thehematocritlevel.B.Theureanitrogenlevel.C.Thecreatininelevel.D.Thecarbondioxidetension.下列哪項(xiàng)血液值最常用來判斷燒傷者的液體補(bǔ)充療法是否充足？A.血細(xì)胞比容水平B.尿素氮水平C.肌酸水平D.二氧化碳分壓第二學(xué)期選擇題2.ThechiefcharacteristicoftheperitonealmembraneisA.serous.B.convoluted.C.double-sac.D.semipermeable.腹膜的主要特征是：A.漿液狀B.卷曲狀C.雙囊狀D.半透性第二學(xué)期選擇題3.Anurseintheemergencyroomnoticesthatanoldpatientwithacuteanxietyreactionishyperventilation.Whichoneofthefollowingelectrolyteimbalancesismostlikelytooccur?A.Respiratoryacidosis.B.Metabolicacidosis.C.Metabolicalkalosis.D.Respiratoryalkalosis.急診室護(hù)士注意到一名急性焦慮發(fā)作的老年患者出現(xiàn)過度換氣.下列哪種電解質(zhì)紊亂最容易發(fā)生?A.呼吸性酸中毒B.代謝性酸中毒C.代謝性堿中毒D.呼吸性堿中毒第二學(xué)期選擇題4.Whichoneofthefollowingtherapieswillapatientwithextensiveburnsmostcertainlyneedduringthefirststageofburncare?A.Arespiratorystimulant.B.Fluidreplacementtherapy.C.Abloodtransfusion.D.Drugstopromotediuresis.嚴(yán)重?zé)齻颊咴跓齻脑缙谧钚枰裁粗委?A.呼吸刺激劑B.液體替換療法C.輸血D.利尿藥第二學(xué)期選擇題5.Theprimaryreasonforthetotalparenteralnutrition(TPN)forapatientwithburnsistohelpA.providesupplementalvitaminsandminerals.B.facilitaterestforthegastrointestinaltract.C.correctwaterandelectrolyteimbalances.D.ensureanadequateintakeofcaloriesandproteins.燒傷患者接受完全胃腸外營養(yǎng)(TPN),這一療法的主要目的是幫助:A.補(bǔ)充維生素和礦物質(zhì)B.促進(jìn)胃腸道休息C.糾正水、電解質(zhì)紊亂D.保證足夠的熱量和蛋白質(zhì)第二學(xué)期選擇題6.Thepupilsofapatientwhoisbeinggivencardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)constrictwhenexposedtolight.Thissignmeansthattheoxygensupplyisadequateinthepatient'sA.heart.B.brain.C.kidneys.D.lungs.接受心肺復(fù)蘇患者的瞳孔遇光收縮,這一體征表明患者哪個(gè)部位的氧供充足?A.心臟B.大腦C.腎臟D.肺臟第二學(xué)期選擇題7.Whichofthefollowingfluidscouldthenurseusewhileperforminggastricirrigationforapostoperationpatient?A.Mildantisepticsolution.B.Distilledwater.C.Bicarbonateofsodasolution.D.Normalsaline.護(hù)士為胃部手術(shù)后患者行胃管沖洗時(shí),應(yīng)選用下列哪種液體?A.中性抗菌液B.蒸餾水C.蘇打碳酸液D.生理鹽水第二學(xué)期選擇題8.Thepurposefordeterminingapatient'scentralvenouspressure(CVP)istohelpinassessingtheA.circulatoryvolumeinhisarteries.B.bloodpressureintheleftventricle.C.heart'sabilitytoreceiveandpumpblood.D.oxygenandcarbondioxidepressureintheblood.測(cè)定中心靜脈壓的目的是有助于評(píng)估患者的:A.動(dòng)脈血循環(huán)量B.左心室血壓C.心臟接受和泵出血液的能力D.血液中氧氣和二氧化碳的壓力第二學(xué)期選擇題9.Whichoneofthefollowingmeasuresisthebestforemergencycareatthetimeofaburnaccident?A.Rinsingtheburnareaswithawarmmildsoapsolution.B.Applyingcleandrydressingstotheburnareas.C.Pouringcoldwaterovertheburnareas.D.Applyingamildantisepticointmentovertheburnareas.燒傷時(shí)的緊急處理措施中,下列哪一種是最好的辦法?A.用中性溫肥皂水沖洗燒傷處B.燒傷處包上干凈的干敷料C.用冷水沖燒傷處D.在燒傷處敷一層中性抗菌油膏

第二學(xué)期選擇題10.Whichoneofthefollowingactivitiesshouldthenursesuggesttohelpminimizeaggravationofapatient'svaricoseveins?A.Elevatinghislegsseveraltimesaday.B.Restinghisinvolvedlegovertheotherlegwhensitting.C.Restinghisinvolvedlegundertheotherlegwhensitting.D.Puttingmoreweightonhisuninvolvedlegwhenstanding.護(hù)士應(yīng)建議患者作下述哪項(xiàng)活動(dòng)以減輕靜脈曲張A.每天抬高腿部數(shù)次B.坐姿時(shí)置患腿于健側(cè)腿上C.坐姿時(shí)置健側(cè)腿于患側(cè)腿上D.立姿時(shí)重心放于健側(cè)的腿上第二學(xué)期選擇題11.Ifapatient'sintracranialpressureincreases,whichoneofthefollowingsignsisleastlikelytobeobserved?A.Arisingbloodpressure.B.Periodsofapnea.C.Aslowpulserate.D.Asubnormalbodytemperature.如果患者的顱內(nèi)壓升高,下列哪種癥狀最不可能觀察到?A.血壓升高B.呼吸暫停C.脈搏緩慢D.體溫低于正常第二學(xué)期選擇題12.Afterabariumenema,apatientshouldtakewhichofthefollowingmedications?A.Alaxative.B.Anantacid.C.Anemetic.D.Adigestant.鋇劑灌腸后,患者應(yīng)服用下列哪一類藥物?A.輕瀉藥B.抗酸藥C.催吐藥D.消化藥第二學(xué)期選擇題13.Duringaperiodof12to24hoursaftersubtotalgastrectomywithajejunostomy(BillrothⅡ),thenormalcolorofthegastricdrainageisA.brightred.B.brown.C.green.D.cloudywhite.患者行胃大部切除及胃空腸吻合術(shù)(Billlroth二型),術(shù)后12~24h期間,胃管引流液的正常顏色應(yīng)為:A.鮮紅色B.棕色C.綠色D.灰白色第二學(xué)期選擇題14.Topreventthedumpingsyndromefromoccuring,apatientwhohashadasubtotalgastrectomywithajejunostomyshouldbetteravoidfoodsthatareespeciallyhighinA.fatcontent.B.roughagecontent.C.carbohydratecontent.D.proteincontent.患者行胃大部切除及胃空腸吻合術(shù)后,為防止傾倒綜合癥的發(fā)生,應(yīng)避免食用哪種含量高的食物?A.脂肪B.粗纖維C.碳水化合物D.蛋白質(zhì)第二學(xué)期選擇題15.Atwhattimecanthenasogastrictubeberemovedforapatientwhohasacolostomy?A.Thepatient'smucuspassagefromtherectum.B.Thepatient'sfecespassagefromthecolostomy.C.Thepatientdemonstratesabsenceofstomachdrainageforabout24hours.D.Thepatientdemonstratesabsenceofbowelsounds.何時(shí)才能為結(jié)腸造瘺患者拔除胃管?A.有黏液從直腸內(nèi)排出B.有糞便從造瘺口排出C.24h無胃引流液D.患者腸鳴音消失第二學(xué)期選擇題16.AnurseshouldteachapatientwithosteoporosisistobeparticularlycarefultoavoidaccidentsinvolvingA.abrasions.B.cuts.C.falls.D.burns護(hù)士應(yīng)囑骨質(zhì)疏松患者要特別注意防止哪一類意外事故？A.擦傷B.割傷C.跌倒D.燒傷

第二學(xué)期選擇題17.Whichoneofthefollowingadaptivemechanismshelpsthebodyinitiallytoriditselfofcarbondioxidewhenmetabolicacidosisispresent?A.Therespiratoryrateincreases.B.Theuniraryoutputincreases.C.Thebodytemperaturerises.D.Theheartrateslows.發(fā)生代謝性酸中毒時(shí)，下述哪一種代償機(jī)制有助于機(jī)體在代謝性酸中毒初期排出二氧化碳？A.呼吸頻率增加B.尿量增加C.體溫升高D.心率減慢第二學(xué)期選擇題18.TheprimarypurposeofgivingapatientatropinesulfatepreoperativelyistoA.inhibitsecretionsinthemouthandrespiratorytract.B.decreasethepulseandrespiratoryrates.C.decreasefeelingsofnauseaandvomiting.D.promotegeneralmuscularrelaxation.為患者術(shù)前注射硫酸阿托品是為了：A.抑制口腔及呼吸道黏液分泌B.減慢脈搏和呼吸頻率C.減輕惡心、嘔吐感D.促進(jìn)全身肌肉松弛第二學(xué)期選擇題19.Whichofthefollowingmeasureswillbemosthelpfulinpreventingapatientfromdevelopingpostoperativeatelectasis?A.Helpinghimtotakeatleast1,500mloforalfluidsdaily.B.Placinghiminasemisittingpositionfrequently.C.Havinghimcoughevery1to2hours.D.Havinghimwearelasticizedstockings.下列哪項(xiàng)措施最有助于預(yù)防術(shù)后患者發(fā)生肺不張？A.讓患者每天至少飲1500ml液體B.經(jīng)常讓患者處于半臥位C.讓患者每1~2h咳嗽1次D.給患者穿上高筒彈力襪第二學(xué)期選擇題20.ThenormaldisadvantageofantineoplasicdrugsisthatA.theyfailtodistinguishbetweentumorcellsandnormalcells.B.theytendtoaccumulate,resultingindangerouslyhighbloodlevelsofdrug.C.theypredisposetofocalinfectionsintumorcellsandnormalcells.D.theyoccupynormaldefensesthatwouldnormallyhelpcontrolthegrowthoftumorcells.抗腫瘤藥物的常見副作用是：A.它們不能區(qū)別腫瘤細(xì)胞及正常細(xì)胞B.它們易積聚，導(dǎo)致血液中藥物濃度增高C.它們易在腫瘤細(xì)胞和正常細(xì)胞上發(fā)生病灶感染D.它們損害了那些能控制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長的正?？褂鶛C(jī)制第二學(xué)期選擇題21.FoodandfluidsarewithheldbeforesurgeryforapatientwhowillreceivegeneralansethesiainordertohelppreventA.pressureonthediaphragmwithpoorlungexpansionduringsurgery.B.vomitingandpossibleaspirationofvomitusduringsurgery.C.constipationduringtheimmediatepostoperativeperiod.D.gaspainsanddistentionduringtheimmediatepostoperativeperiod.全麻術(shù)前患者禁食禁水，主要是為了有助于防止發(fā)生：A.手術(shù)中，由于肺擴(kuò)張能力降低而對(duì)隔膜產(chǎn)生壓力B.手術(shù)中嘔吐并可能吸入嘔吐物C.手術(shù)后早期發(fā)生便秘D.手術(shù)后早期胃腸脹痛和脹氣第二學(xué)期選擇題22.Whichofthefollowingfactorsisthemostprobablecauseofpostoperativebladderinfection?A.Abladdercatheterization.B.lowfluidintake.C.Urinaryincontinence.D.Limitedambulation.下列那個(gè)因素最可能誘發(fā)術(shù)后膀胱感染？A.膀胱插管B.液體攝入量少C.小便失禁D.限制下地活動(dòng)第二學(xué)期選擇題23.Fourhoursaftersurgery,thepatientwhohasathyroidectomycomplainsofpainintheoperativearea,herbreathingbecomesnoisy,andsheisshowingsignsofcyanosis.Whichoneofthefollowingmeasuresshouldthenursetakefirst?A.Administermorphinesulfate.B.Beginsteaminhalationsinthepatient'sroom.C.Decreasetherateoftheintravenousinfusion.D.Insertanairway.患者于甲狀腺切除術(shù)后4h，主訴手術(shù)部位疼痛。患者呼吸短促，并出現(xiàn)紫紺。此時(shí)護(hù)士應(yīng)首先采取什么措施？A.注射硫酸嗎啡B.于病房內(nèi)開始蒸氣吸入C.調(diào)慢輸液速度D.行氣管插管第二學(xué)期選擇題24.Ifapatient'schesttubeisaccidentallydisconnectedfromthedrainagetube,whatshouldthenursedofirst?A.Disconnectthesuctionmachine.B.Clampthechesttubewithahemostat.C.Applyapetrolatum-imbeddeddressingtothechestwall.D.Lowerthelevelofthedrainagebottle.如果患者的胸導(dǎo)管意外地從引流管上脫出，護(hù)士應(yīng)首先采取什么措施？A.斷開吸引器B.用止血鉗夾注胸導(dǎo)管C.胸壁敷上凡士林紗布D.放低引流瓶第二學(xué)期選擇題25.Apatient'spotassiumlevelis4.2mmol/L8hoursaftersurgery.ItmeansthatA.hispotassiumleveliswithinnormalrange.B.hispotassiumlevelisslightlybelownormalrange.C.hispotassiumlevelisabovenormalrange.D.hislifeisthreatened.患者術(shù)后8h的血鉀水平為4.2mmol/L，這表明A.患者的血鉀水平在正常范圍內(nèi)B.患者的血鉀水平低于正常范圍C.患者的血鉀水平高于正常范圍D.患者有生命危險(xiǎn)第二學(xué)期選擇題26.Apatientwithdiabetesmellitushassurgery,andageneralanestheticisused,whichoneofthefollowingsignsshouldthenursebeespeciallyalertforthepatientimmediatelypostoperatively?A.Respiratorydepression.B.Hypovolemicshock.C.Hypoglycemia.D.Hypertension.一名糖尿病患者在全麻下行手術(shù),術(shù)后護(hù)士應(yīng)特別注意警惕患者出現(xiàn)哪種體征?A.呼吸抑制B.低血容量休克C.低血糖D.高血壓第二學(xué)期選擇題27.TheaveragerangeforthespecificgravityofurineintheabsenceofdiseaseisaboutA.1.000～1.005.B.1.010～1.025.C.1.030～1.050.D.1.050～1.075.正常人的平均尿比重范圍為:A.1.000~1.005B.1.010~1.025C.1.030~1.050D.1.050~1.075第二學(xué)期選擇題28.Whichofthefollowingsistheprimarypurposeofacolostomyirrigationforapatientwhohasacolostomyafteroperation?A.Cleansethecolon.B.Stimulateperistalsis.C.Regulatethebowel.D.Dilatethesphincter.為結(jié)腸切除術(shù)后患者行造瘺口沖洗的主要目的是什么?A.清洗結(jié)腸B.刺激腸蠕動(dòng)C.調(diào)節(jié)排便D.擴(kuò)張括約肌第二學(xué)期選擇題29.Anurseisirrigatingapatient'scolostomy.Whenthepatientcomplainsofabdominalcrampingwhilefluidisbeingintroducedthroughthestoma,whichoneofthefollowingmeasuresshouldthenursetakefirst?A.Helpthepatientturnontohisside.B.Havethepatienttakeseveraldeepbreaths.C.Removetheirrigatingconefromthestoma.D.Slowtheflowofirrigatingsolutiontemporarily.護(hù)士為患者行造瘺口沖洗.當(dāng)液體從造瘺口注入時(shí),患者主訴腹部痙攣性疼痛.這時(shí)護(hù)士應(yīng)首先采取什么措施?A.幫助患者轉(zhuǎn)到側(cè)臥位B.囑患者作幾次深呼吸C.從造瘺口除去灌洗漏斗D.暫時(shí)減慢灌洗液的流速第二學(xué)期選擇題30.Inmostinstances,postoperativeshockiscausedbyA.excessivebleeding.B.adrenalfailure.C.anuntowarddrugreaction.D.atransfusionreaction.多數(shù)情況下,引起術(shù)后休克的主要原因是:A.失血過多B.腎上腺功能衰竭C.藥物的副反應(yīng)D.輸血反應(yīng)第二學(xué)期選擇題31.Apatientisadmittedtotheemergencyroominshockduetoacutebloodloss.Ifhisbreathisregular,whatshouldthenursedonext?A.Providingpsychologicalsupport.B.Supportkidneyfunction.C.Restoringbloodvolume.D.Replacinglostserumelectrolytes一名急性出血性休克患者送入急診室.如果患者的呼吸尚可,護(hù)士下一步應(yīng)怎樣做?A.給予心理支持B.維持腎臟功能C.恢復(fù)血容量D.補(bǔ)充丟失的血清電解質(zhì)第二學(xué)期選擇題32.Whichoneofthefollowingpositionspermitsthebestassessmentofapatient'singuinalhernia?A.Theleftside-lyingposition.B.Therightside-lyingposition.C.Thesittingposition.D.Theuprightposition.下列哪種體位最適用于檢查腹股溝斜疝患者?A.坐側(cè)臥位B.右側(cè)臥位C.坐位D.直立位第二學(xué)期選擇題33.Kanamycinsulfateisprescribedpreoperativelyforthepatientwhowillhaveacolostomy.TheprimarypurposeistoA.coatirritatedwallsinthecolon.B.reducethebacterialcountinthecolon.C.slowmetastaticgrowthofthemalignanttumor.D.inhibitspasticityofthecolon.將行結(jié)腸造瘺術(shù)的患者,術(shù)前醫(yī)囑用卡那霉素.其主要目的是:A.在結(jié)腸表面形成保護(hù)膜B.減少結(jié)腸內(nèi)細(xì)菌數(shù)C.控制惡性腫瘤的生長D.抑制結(jié)腸痙攣第二學(xué)期選擇題34.ApatientwhohasacholecystectomywillordinarilyfeelmostcomfortablewhenhisdietislowinA.proteins.B.fats.C.minerals.D.carbohydrates.當(dāng)食物中哪種成分含量較低時(shí),膽囊切除患者才會(huì)感到比較舒服?A.蛋白質(zhì)B.脂肪C.微量元素D.碳水化合物第二學(xué)期選擇題35.It'sparticularlyimportantforapatientwithextensiveburnstoreceiveagenerousintakeofA.proteins.B.fats.C.minerals.D.carbohydrates.嚴(yán)重?zé)齻颊叩娘嬍持袘?yīng)特別富含A.蛋白質(zhì)B.脂肪C.礦物質(zhì)D.碳水化合物第二學(xué)期選擇題36.Apatientwhohasalobectomyhasananteriorandaposteriorchestcatheteraftersurgery.ThereturnfromthecatheterintheanteriorchestwallshouldnormallyconsistmainlyofA.serosanguineousfluid.B.mucusC.bl