北師大版高中英語選擇性必修第二冊UNIT5 Section Ⅳ Period課件

Period

UNIT5

EDUCATION主題語境人與自我

——生命的意義與價(jià)值SectionⅣ1．cultivatevt．培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成(技能、態(tài)度或素質(zhì))2．enlightenvt．啟迪；指導(dǎo)，教導(dǎo)3．stubbornadj．固執(zhí)的，執(zhí)拗的；倔強(qiáng)的4．streamn．水流5．liquidn．液體6．rayn．(太陽或月亮的)光線單元回顧默寫背誦7．a(chǎn)bstractadj．抽象的8．foreheadn．額，前額9．cognitionn．認(rèn)識，認(rèn)知10．coreadj．核心的11．insightn．洞察力；頓悟12．civiladj．文明的，有禮貌的；公民的13．integrityn．正直，誠實(shí)；完整14．moraladj．道德(上)的15．a(chǎn)cquisitionn．獲得，習(xí)得16．economicsn．經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)17．citizenn．公民；市民18．definitionn．定義，釋義19．initiativen．主動(dòng)性20．a(chǎn)utonomousadj．自主的；自治的21．royaladj．皇家的；王室的22．inefficientadj．效率低的23．primitiveadj．原始的24．conventionaladj．守舊的；傳統(tǒng)的25．mankindn．人類26．entitlevt．名為……；使有權(quán)利27．routinen．慣例，常規(guī)；例行公事28．motionn．運(yùn)動(dòng)29．overalladj．全部的30．timetablen．時(shí)間表，日程表；時(shí)刻表31．facilityn．設(shè)施，設(shè)備32．respectivelyadv．各自地1．______

adj．很嚴(yán)重的2．________

adj．寶貴的3．_____

vt．理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)4．________

adj．顯而易見的；明白的5．____________

n．突破；重大進(jìn)展6．_________

n．目的，目標(biāo)

adj．客觀的severepreciousgraspapparentbreakthroughobjective7．_____________

adj．多面的，全面的8．____

vt．獲得，贏得，取得；受益9．______

vt．追求10．__________

adv．不管；不顧11．____________

n．境況，狀況；情況，情形12．_________

adj．聰穎的，才華橫溢的13．_______

adj．顯然的，明顯的；易理解的well-roundedgainpursueregardlesscircumstancebrilliantobvious14．____

n．等級15．______

adj．有價(jià)值的；值得尊敬的16．___

vt．有……是由于；把……歸功于17．______

n．陰影18．_____

adj．極其重要的，必不可少的rankworthyoweshadowvital1．significantadj．重要的，重大的→____________

n．重要性，意義→_____________

adv．重大地，顯著地2．promotevt．促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)→_________

n．晉升3．consistentadj．一貫的，一致的→___________

n．一致性，連貫性4．sympathyn．同情，同情心→___________

adj．同情的，有同情心的significancesignificantlypromotionconsistencysympathetic5．a(chǎn)nalyse

vt．分析，剖析→________

n．分析6．philosophyn．思想體系；哲學(xué)→___________

n．哲學(xué)家7．educatevt．教育；教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)→________

n．教育工作者→_________

n．教育；教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)8．insistvi．堅(jiān)稱；堅(jiān)持主張→__________

n．堅(jiān)稱；堅(jiān)持主張9．evaluatevt．評估，評價(jià)→__________

n．評估，評價(jià)10．restrictvt．約束，限制→___________

n．限制，規(guī)定，約束11．bearvt．承受，忍受→________

adj．可以忍受的；承受得住的→__________

adj．難以忍受的；承受不住的analysisphilosophereducatoreducationinsistenceevaluationrestrictionbearableunbearable12．tendvi．傾向；趨于

vt．照顧；照料→________

n．傾向13．relatevi．理解；相聯(lián)系→_______

adj．有關(guān)系的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的→________

n．關(guān)系14．excitevt．使興奮→__________

n．興奮，激動(dòng)→_______

adj．感到興奮的→________

adj．令人興奮的15．imitatevt．模仿，仿效→_________

n．模仿，仿效16．gradualadj．逐漸的，逐步的→_________

adv．逐漸地，逐步地tendencyrelatedrelationexcitementexcitedexcitingimitationgradually17．painn．疼痛→_______

adj．令人痛苦的；困難的；疼痛的→_________

adv．令人痛苦地；困難地；疼痛地18．enthusiasticadj．熱心的，熱衷的→__________

n．熱心；熱情→________________

adv．熱情地；熱心地19．expandvi．&vt．(使)擴(kuò)大；增加→_________

n．?dāng)U張；擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大20．puzzlevt．使困惑，使迷惑→_______

adj．迷惑不解的→________

adj．令人迷惑的painfulpainfullyenthusiasmenthusiasticallyexpansionpuzzledpuzzling21．gentleadj．溫柔的；溫和的；柔和的→______

adv．輕柔地；溫和地；平緩地22．disappointvt．使失望→____________

adj．失望的，沮喪的→______________

n．失望→_____________

adj．令人失望的23．contributevi．&vt．奉獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)→____________

n．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)24．financen．金融；財(cái)政→_________

adj．財(cái)政的；財(cái)務(wù)的；金融的→___________

adv．財(cái)政上；金融上gentlydisappointeddisappointmentdisappointingcontributionfinancialfinancially25．exposevt．使接觸；使體驗(yàn)；使暴露；揭露→________

n．接觸；體驗(yàn)；暴露；揭露

26．surroundvt．包圍；環(huán)繞→___________

adj．四周的，附近的→____________

n．環(huán)境；周圍的事物

27．judgevi．&vt．評價(jià)；判決→_________

n．判斷力；意見，評價(jià)；判決28．behavevi．表現(xiàn)→_________

n．行為；舉止exposuresurroundingsurroundingsjudgementbehaviour29．concludevt．?dāng)喽?；推斷出；得出結(jié)論

vi．&vt．使結(jié)束；終止→__________

n．結(jié)論30．responsibleadj．負(fù)責(zé)的；有責(zé)任的→______________

n．責(zé)任31．prioradj．先前的；較早的；優(yōu)先的→________

n．優(yōu)先處理的事；優(yōu)先權(quán)32．stimulatevt．刺激，促使，促進(jìn)→___________

n．刺激，激勵(lì)33．demonstratevt．展示；說明→_____________

n．演示，示范，證明conclusionresponsibilityprioritystimulationdemonstration34．a(chǎn)ssessvt．評價(jià)→__________

n．評價(jià)35．a(chǎn)pprovevt．贊成；贊許；批準(zhǔn)→________

n．贊成；批準(zhǔn)36．urgevt．強(qiáng)烈要求；敦促→______

adj．緊急的；急迫的；急切的→_______

n．緊迫，迫切37．a(chǎn)ssumevt．假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為→__________

n．假定，假設(shè)38．a(chǎn)bandonvt．放棄；拋棄→_________

adj．被遺棄的；放縱的39．respectn．尊敬，敬重

vt．尊敬，敬佩→_________

adj．受尊敬的，受敬重的assessmentapprovalurgenturgencyassumptionabandonedrespected40．wiseadj．明智的→______

n．智慧→______

adv．明智地41．benefitn．利益；好處

vt．使受益→__________

adj．有利的，有幫助的wisdomwiselybeneficial1．________

使適合，使適應(yīng)2．__________________

與……一致3．_______

傳授，傳給4．_________

涉及，有關(guān)；了解，體恤5．__________

瞬間；立刻6．___________

與……相配；與……相符7．_______

舉起，抬起；耽擱，延誤8．________

出來，出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是adapttobeconsistentwithpassonrelatetoinaflashtieinwithholdupcomeout9．______________

使……暴露于……；使……接觸……10．_____________

不管；不顧11．_____________

最后12．______________

換句話說13．__________

違背14．___________

提出15．__________

同意……expose...to...regardlessofinconclusioninotherwordsgoagainstputforwardapproveof16．_____________

把……歸功于……17．________________

對……有好處18．___________

對……極其重要19．________

有時(shí)20．_____________

把……收拾起來owe...to...bebeneficialtobevitaltoattimesput...away1．Bythetimeshewassevenyearsold，shestillcouldn'tspeak，readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher．她七歲時(shí)，仍不會(huì)說話，不能讀書也不會(huì)寫字，一切都需要?jiǎng)e人照顧。2．ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch．那是海倫第一次明白復(fù)雜單詞的意思，她觸摸不到的抽象單詞。3．Obviously，certainkindsofknowledgearenecessarynotonlytopursuecertaincareersbutalsotocontributetotheworld．顯然，某些種類的知識不僅對于追求某些事業(yè)而且對社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)都是必要的。4．...

it'sabrilliantideatodemonstratewhattheyhavelearntwhenassessed．……當(dāng)被評價(jià)時(shí)，展示自己學(xué)的東西是一個(gè)很好的主意。5．Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts，andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence．那時(shí)人們相信教會(huì)勝過相信事實(shí)，像伽利略·伽利萊(1564—1642)那樣證明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往會(huì)被教會(huì)懲罰，也沒有人會(huì)為他們辯護(hù)。6．ThemainaimofthelessonwastostudyLatingrammar—theinternationallanguageofthetime(inEurope，atleast)andthelanguageofalluniversitycourses．這節(jié)課的主要目的是學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語語法——這是當(dāng)時(shí)的國際語言(至少在歐洲如此)，也是所有大學(xué)課程的授課語言。7．Theywerethinpiecesofhardflatrockusedasamediumforwriting．它們是用作書寫媒介的堅(jiān)硬平坦的巖石薄片。8．Itisthechildthatcontrolsthepace，topicandlessons，nottherestoftheclassortheteacher．控制節(jié)奏、主題和課程的是孩子，而不是班級其他人或老師。你校英語俱樂部將舉辦英語演講比賽。請以FamilyEducationShapesMe為主題，寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：1．良好的家庭教育方式；2．成長的啟示。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請按如下格式作答。Goodmorning，fellowstudents，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[高分范文背誦]Goodmorning,fellowstudents，Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“FamilyEducationShapesMe”．Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme．Ithasbenefitedmealot．Rememberonce,myteachergavemeaprizewhenIgotfullmarksinanexam．ButwhenIgothome,mymotherfoundamistakeonthepaperandaskedmetoexplainthesituationtotheteacher．IdidwhatMomsaid．Theteacherletmekeeptheprizeasarewardformyhonesty．AlthoughIlostfullmarks,Igainedthemostbeautifulqualities．Myhonestfamilyupbringinghasservedmewellandhasclearedawaymanyobstaclesinmylife．Thankyouforyourlistening![片段1]Johnpacedintheroomanxiously,weighingtheprosandconsinhismind．Hewasstuckinindecision,wrestlingwithhisoptions．Todaywasthedeadlinetoaccepthisuniversityoffer,buthewasintwomindsaboutit,onthefenceandhavingsecondthoughts．約翰焦慮地在房間里踱步，心中權(quán)衡利弊。他陷入了猶豫之中，糾結(jié)于他的選擇。今天是他接受大學(xué)錄取通知書的最后期限，但他心存疑慮，立場搖擺，再三猶豫。[片段2]Partofhimhadalwaysdreamedofattendinghisfirst-choiceuniversity,finallytastingfreedomanddebatingbigideaslateintothenight．Butthetuitionfeesgavehimpause—hisparentshadalreadysacrificedsomuch．Couldhejustifyputtingthemunderfurtherfinancialstrain?Hestruggledoverthechoicestochoosefrom．他一部分內(nèi)心長久以來都夢想著進(jìn)入他首選的大學(xué)，最終體驗(yàn)自由，夜深時(shí)激烈討論重大課題。但是高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)使他躊躇——他的父母已經(jīng)作了那么多犧牲。他能夠再讓父母承受更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力嗎？他痛苦地在選擇之間掙扎。第一部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。單元綜合檢測（二）AGoodSchoolstoLearnEnglishAtlantaEnglishInstitute(AEI)Itisdesignedforacademicallyoriented,non-nativespeakingadultsfrombeginnerslevelstothoseseekingmastery．EachprogramintheschoolisspeciallydesignedforourstudentsandbasedontheircurrentEnglishlevelsandtheirgoals．Astudentmayregisteranytime,notmerelyatthebeginningofacourse．Butatthemiddleofthecourse,registrationtimedependsontheavailabilityofspaceintheclassrooms．AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)Itprovidestheopportunitytolearnhowtoread,writeandspeakEnglishasasecondlanguageforthosewhohavelittleknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage．Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．Thecurriculumofthislanguageprogramisbuiltforgroupsofthreeormorestudentswhocancompletethematerialintenweeks．TALKAtlantaEnglishSchool(TAES)LocatedintheheartofAtlanta'sMidtownCentreareaonPeachtreeStreet,itopenedin2011．Atlantaishometonumerousindustries,makingtheMidtownlocationperfectlysuitedforcorporateprograms．Withamplecoveredstreetparkingspace,theschoolisdesignedinthepopularAtlantaloftstyleandhas10largeclassrooms,alargeandwelcomingreceptionarea,devotedfull-timeteachersandstaffforteenagersandadults．LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．Ourmaximumclasssizeiseightstudents．Classmeetsonceaweekfortwohoursforsixweeks．Pleasecheckourschedulesectionforstartdates．Refunds(退款)havetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)學(xué)好英語的學(xué)校以及它們的課程。1．HowmanyhoursdoesittakestudentstofinishthecoursesatAILI?A．Ten． B．Twelve．C．Twenty． D．Twenty-four．C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

“AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)”

中提及的“Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．”可知，總共需要20個(gè)小時(shí)才能修完AILI的課程。故選C。]√2．WhatshouldstudentswhoneedarefundpayattentiontoatLIG?A．Thelimitedcoursesthere．B．Thelocationofitsreceptionarea．C．Thedeadlineforarefunddemand．D．Therequestedlevelsofthestudents．C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”中提及的“Refundshavetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．”可知，學(xué)生應(yīng)特別注意退款的最后期限。故選C。]√3．Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A．Theyarelocatedinthesamecity．B．TheyalluseGradedReaderMethod．C．Theyhavethesameregistrationtime．D．Theyareallintendedforadultlearners．√A

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前三個(gè)學(xué)校的名字中分別都提到了一個(gè)地方“Atlanta(亞特蘭大)”以及最后學(xué)校“LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”在介紹的內(nèi)容中“Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．”可知，這四所學(xué)校都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，即都位于亞特蘭大。故選A。]BAt7am,inthedarkofanautumnmorning,parentsarrivetodropofftheirchildrenatthekindergarteninViimsi,a15-minutedrivefromTallinn,beforeheadingofftoworkinthecity．Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．Indoingso,workingparentswon'tworryaboutbeinglateforworkandleavingtheofficeearly．Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．Classrooms,withvastwindowsfrontingontoforest,fanoutaroundawhitewashedcentralhall,andoutsidealargeplaygroundsurroundstheentirebuilding．SomeofthechildrenwhoattendLaanelinnuareasyoungastwo,butasweenterthebuildingbarelyasoundcanbeheard．Ineachoftheclassrooms,whicharelargeandwellequipped,thereareupto20children—attentiveandfocused—supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers．Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．“Thoughit'snotcalledschool,it'sthefirststepoftheireducation，”saysthekindergarten'sprojectmanager．“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”Bythetimetheyleave,mostchildrenwillhavelearnedtoreadandwrite,butinarelaxedenvironment．Thekindergartensystemisanintegratedpartofnationaleducationandattheendoftheirtimethere,childrenaregivenaschoolreadinesscardthattheytakewiththemtothenextstageintheireducation．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼兒園。該幼兒園為家長工作提供便利，注重學(xué)齡前教育，課程包括字母、語言技能、藝術(shù)、音樂和機(jī)器人等，是孩子們的第一步教育。4．WhyisLaanelinnukindergartenpopularamongworkingparents?A．Itstartsofficiallyat9am．B．Itonlyneedsa15-minutedrive．C．Itoffersthemmaximumflexibility．D．Itallowsthemtopickuptheirkidsearly．√C

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．”可知，Laanelinnu幼兒園的開園時(shí)間早和放學(xué)時(shí)間晚，這為上班的家長接送孩子提供了極大的便利。由此推知，正是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間上最大的靈活性讓Laanelinnu幼兒園受職場家長們的歡迎。故選C。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supervised”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Monitored． B．Praised．C．Adopted． D．Trained．√A

[詞義猜測題。分析句子可知，“supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”是后置定語，修飾名詞“20children”，畫線詞“supervised”的邏輯主語是“20children”。結(jié)合畫線詞后“aqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”可推知，“20個(gè)孩子”是由幼兒園的“學(xué)前教師和兩名助理教師”監(jiān)管，所以畫線詞supervised與monitor同義，意為“監(jiān)督，管理”。故選A。]6．HowmightthevisitorsfindLaanelinnu'sclasses?A．Energetic． B．Conventional．C．Various． D．Loose．√C

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．”可知，來訪者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)Laanelinnu幼兒園課程豐富多樣。故選C。]7．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ReadinginaPlay-ledEnvironmentB．WinningintheFirstStepofEducationC．FunLearning:withFilmsandRoboticsD．AKindergarten:NotJustAboutChildcare√D

[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第三段中的“Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．”，倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．”和“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”可知，文章介紹了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼兒園，該幼兒園不僅僅是照顧孩子，它更注重學(xué)齡前教育，課程包括字母、語言技能、藝術(shù)、音樂和機(jī)器人等。由此推知，“一所幼兒園：不只是照顧孩子”可作為文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。]CPreviousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．“Ourstudyestablishesalinkbetweenhigh-qualityeducationandbetterlater-lifecognitionandsuggeststhatincreasedinvestmentinschoolscouldbeapowerfulstrategytoimprovecognitivehealthamongolderadultsintheUnitedStates，”saidJenniferManly,seniorauthorofthestudy．Thestudy,ledbyManlyandDominika?eblová，apostdoctoralresearchscientistatColumbia,useddatafromProjectTalent,a1960surveyofhighschoolstudentsacrosstheUnitedStates,andfollow-updatacollectedintheProjectTalentAgingStudy．Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicators(指標(biāo))ofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．Attendingaschoolwithahighnumberofgraduate-levelteacherswasaboutequaltothedifferenceincognitionbetweena70-year-oldandsomeonewhoisonetothreeyearsolder．Otherindicatorsofschoolqualitywererelatedtosome,butnotall,measuresofcognitiveperformance．AccordingtoManlyand?eblová，theremaybemanyreasonsexplainingwhyattendingschoolswithwell-trainedteachersmayaffectlater-lifecognition．“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits，”said?eblová，

“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife．”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了高質(zhì)量教育和晚年認(rèn)知能力之間的關(guān)系。研究表明，就讀于擁有更多研究生培訓(xùn)教師的學(xué)校與晚年認(rèn)知能力之間存在明確的關(guān)聯(lián)，尤其在語言流利性方面。8．HowdidManlyand?eblováconducttheresearch?A．Byconductingsurveys．B．Bymakingcomparisons．C．Byexplainingexamples．D．Byinterviewingtheelders．√B

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicatorsofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．”可知，Manly和?eblová領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究探討了學(xué)校質(zhì)量的六項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)的幾項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系以及來自弱勢背景的人的地理、性別、種族和民族之間的聯(lián)系。由此可推斷，該研究主要使用了作比較的方法。故選B。]9．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Thephysicalhealthdeterminesyourfuturelife．B．Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．C．Languagefluencyisbasedonpostgraduatetraining．D．Goodschoolsshouldhavemanywell-trainedteachers．√B

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．”可知，良好的教育促進(jìn)晚年的認(rèn)知，所以B項(xiàng)“Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．”是該研究的結(jié)果。故選B。]10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toremindthepublicofseniors'health．B．Tolookintoinvestmentinschools．C．Toachievethefairnessofhumans．D．Toattachimportancetoeducation．√D

[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段“Previousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．”和關(guān)鍵提示詞“but”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)教育質(zhì)量的影響，所以本文的寫作目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要性。故選D。]11．Whatis?eblová'sattitudetohigh-qualityschooleducation?A．Favourable． B．Doubtful．C．Uncaring． D．Opposing．√A

[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中?eblová所說的話“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits”和“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife”可推斷出這位專家對于高質(zhì)量的教育是持支持態(tài)度的。故選A。]DAnewstudysuggeststhatmindfulnesseducation—lessonsontechniquestocalmthemindandbody—canreducethenegativeeffectsofstressandincreasestudents'abilitytostayengaged,helpingthemstayontrackacademicallyandavoidbehaviourproblems．Afterfindingthatstudentswhoself-reportedmindfulhabitsperformedbetterontestsandhadhighergrades,researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits．Theydesignedastudyfocusingonsixth-gradersinaBostonschool．Thestudyshowedthatsixth-graderswhoparticipatedinaneight-weekmindfulnesswerelessstressedoutthantheirclassmateswhohadn't．Practisingmindfulnesshadhelpedimprovetheabilitytofocusinthemoment,expandingstudents'capacitytolearnandregulatetheiremotions．Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices,likefocusingonarockforaminute,thendiscussingwhentheirmindwanderedandrefocusedontherock．Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．Thestudentswererandomlyassignedbetweenthegroups．Attheendoftheeightweeks,themindfulnessgroupreportedbeinglessstressedthantheyhadbeenbeforethemindfulnesseducation,andbetterabletopractiseself-control．Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．Thegroupwhoattendedcodingclassesdidn'tseethesamebenefits．Thefindingssuggestthatthemindfulnessinstructionhelpedbooststudents'attentionskills,aswellasdevelopcopingmechanismsforstress．Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，正念教育課程可以幫助學(xué)生減少壓力帶來的負(fù)面影響，提高他們保持專注的能力。12．Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toexaminethetechniquesforpractisingmindfulness．B．Tostudytheeffectsofgroupmindfulnesstrainingonstudents．C．Toseehowstudentshelpthemselvestoperformbetterontests．D．Tounderstandwhymindfulnesstrainingcalmsthemindandbody．√B

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits”可知，該研究探究的是以學(xué)校為基礎(chǔ)的正念訓(xùn)練對學(xué)生是否有類似的好處，即群體正念訓(xùn)練對學(xué)生的效果。故選B。]13．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Bylistingbenefitsofmindfulnesseducation．B．Byscanningthebraintoseehowitcontrolsemotions．C．Byteachingdifferentstudentsdifferentmindfulnessskills．D．Bycomparingtwogroupsofstudentsattendingdifferentclasses．√D

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices”和“Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．”可知，研究人員將參與者分成了兩個(gè)小組，一個(gè)小組進(jìn)行正念訓(xùn)練，另一個(gè)小組學(xué)習(xí)編程。因此，該研究是通過比較學(xué)習(xí)不同課程的兩組學(xué)生來進(jìn)行的。故選D。]14．Whatchangetookplaceafterthestudentspractisedmindfulnesswork?A．Theyfelteasiertostayfocused．B．Theywerebetteratcomputercoding．C．Theirmindwaswanderingmoreactively．D．Theirbrainsweremoreawareofnegativity．√A

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．”可知，在學(xué)生們進(jìn)行正念練習(xí)后，他們更容易集中注意力，保持專注。故選A。]15．Whoarethemostpossibletargetreadersofthepassage?A．Stressfulparents．

B．Mindfulinstructors．C．Emotionalstudents．

D．Schooleducators．√D

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．”可知，該研究可以很好地指導(dǎo)學(xué)校去幫助遭遇精神損傷和其他逆境的學(xué)生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目標(biāo)讀者群體是學(xué)校的教育者。故選D。]第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverwishedyoudidn'thavetowakeupearlyandgoallthewaytoschool?For700，000Americankids,thiswishcomestrue．16Thiskindoflearninghasdifferentnames:onlinelearningordistancelearning．Regardlessofwhatitiscalled,thisideamaycreateanimpressionofalonelykidreadingpagesofinformationonacomputerscreenratherthanfromabookoranimageofanotherkidspendingthedayplayingvideogamesinsteadoflearningmathematicsorreadingabook．Whereonlineeducationisconcerned,bothofthesearefalse!Actually,onlinelearningsimplymeanslearningdifferently．17Flexibilityisthemainadvantage．Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire．HomeworkcanbeturnedinfromanywherethestudenthasInternetaccess．Additionally,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace．Anotheradvantageofonlineschoolingiswiththevarietyofcourses．MostonlineschoolsteachthesamebasicclasseslikeEnglish,math,science,andhistory．18However,traditionalschoolsareoftenunabletoofferthesetypesofclassesiftherearenotenoughstudents．Onlineschoolsalsohavedifferenttypesoflearningtoolsforkidstouse．Forexample,manyonlineschoolshavespecialwebsiteswhereonlystudentsregisteredinonlineclassescanwatchvideos,seelessons