全國統(tǒng)考2024高考英語一輪復習第2編語法突破專題九形容詞和副詞學案含解析

PAGE專題九形容詞和副詞1.(2024·浙江高考，65)Schooluniformsare________(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.答案：traditional此處形容詞作表語，用來說明主語schooluniforms的特點。2．(2024·浙江高考，60)Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan________(easy)seethem.答案：easily此處修飾動詞see，用easy的副詞形式easily。3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，68)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare________(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案：higher依據空格后的than可知，此處應用high的比較級形式higher。4．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，61)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining________hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.答案：so分析句子結構可知，此處是so...that...結構，意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾副詞hard。5．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，68)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.答案：hugely所填詞修飾形容詞popular，故應用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugelypopularwith“特別受……歡迎”。6．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，63)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.答案：loudest由后面提到的“ofall”可知，指代三者以上“最大的聲音”，用最高級。7．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，66)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.答案：worse設空處句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數量增加了。evenworse“更糟糕的是，更糟的是”，習慣搭配。8．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.________________________________________________________________答案：interesting→interestedbecomeinterestedin“變得對……感愛好”。9．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，短文改錯)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.________________________________________________________________答案：coolly→cool連系動詞look后跟形容詞作表語。10．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，短文改錯)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.________________________________________________________________答案：ordinarily→ordinary此處用形容詞ordinary修飾名詞cafe。一形容詞1．形容詞的作用形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質、狀態(tài)或特征。在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語以及狀語。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttocalmdown.[留意]①有些形容詞通常作表語，不能像一般形容詞那樣作前置定語，這樣的形容詞稱為表語形容詞，如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure。②有些形容詞只能作定語，不能作表語，這樣的形容詞稱為定語形容詞，如golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer。2．形容詞在句中的位置(1)單個形容詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前；兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時，排列依次一般應考慮以下兩種狀況：①和被修飾的名詞關系比較親密的形容詞位置更靠近名詞。JaneEyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的形容詞在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多個形容詞排序常見形容詞依次歸納為口訣如下：限定描繪大長高，形態(tài)年齡與新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。即限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數詞等)＋描繪性形容詞(beautiful、interesting...)＋大小、長短、凹凸形容詞＋形態(tài)、年齡、新舊形容詞＋顏色、國籍、出處、材料形容詞＋用途、類別形容詞＋中心名詞?？梢院啙嵉赜洖椋骸翱h官行令宴國才(限冠形齡顏國材)?！盩heoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)單個形容詞作定語時，在下列狀況之下，形容詞應放在被修飾的詞之后。①形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything等時應后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.②表語形容詞作定語時需后置，如alive,present,possible,afraid,alone,awake。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Heistheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.3．倍數表達法的句式倍數表達法主要有以下5種：(1)...倍數＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...(2)...倍數＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than...(3)...倍數＋thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍數＋thatof...(5)...倍數＋what...[留意]表示倍數的詞始終在前面。①我們的新居子是舊房子的三倍大。Ournewhouseisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2024年的汽車產量比2024年的產量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimesthatof2024.＝Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimeswhatitwasin2024.二副詞1．副詞的作用副詞是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作狀語、表語、定語、賓語補足語、介詞賓語等成分。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.[留意]有些副詞可修飾名詞，用以加強語氣。常用的這類副詞有quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon'tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.2．副詞的分類時間副詞now,today,recently,late,soon,yet頻率副詞often,always,usually,seldom,frequently地點副詞away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there方式副詞clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly程度副詞almost,alittle,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply疑問連接副詞when,where,why,how否定副詞not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never3．副詞在句中的位置時間副詞和地點副詞一般放在句尾。假如這兩種副詞同時出現(xiàn)在句中，則把地點副詞放在時間副詞前面，也可把時間副詞放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副詞通常放在行為動詞之前，放在情態(tài)動詞、助動詞和be動詞之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.[留意]①enough作為副詞時總是置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容詞時，可置于名詞之前或之后。Wehaven'tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級1．比較級和最高級的基本構成(1)規(guī)則改變(2)不規(guī)則改變原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2．比較級和最高級的用法(1)比較級的用法①“比較級＋than”，表示一方超過另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”，表示“越……，越……”。Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比較級＋and＋比較級”，表示“越來越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.[留意]比較級可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修飾。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)與比較等級相關的常用表達①moreBthanA＝lessAthanB“與其說A不如說B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.＝Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不僅僅……”；nomorethan＝only“僅僅，只不過”；notmorethan“至多，不超過”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no＋比較級＋than...“都不”，是對兩者的共同否定，且側重前者；而not＋比較級＋than...“不及”，表前者不如后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Idon'trunfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(3)最高級的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the＋最高級”的結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級可被序數詞以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等詞語所修飾。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·陜西省部分學校第一學期摸底檢測)Inaddition,singingingroupshelpedpeoplefeel________(little)stressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,socialskillsandfeelingofwell－being.答案：less依據后面的“enhancedtheirmood...feelingofwell－being”可知，合唱幫助人們緩解壓力，即幫助人們感受到更少的壓力，故用副詞little的比較級less，修飾其后的形容詞“stressed”。2．How________(consider)andwonderfulofyoutoremembermybirthday!答案：considerate句意：您真的很愛護，還記得我的生日！how后面接形容詞，構成感嘆句。3．(2024·廣東省五校聯(lián)考)Inthe2024PISArankings,whichmeasuresglobaleducationalstandards,Thaistudentsperformedbelowtheglobalaverageandmuch________(bad)thanthosefrompoorerVietnaminsubjectslikemathsandscience.答案：worse依據后文中than的提示可知，設空處應為比較級，bad的比較級為worse。4．(2024·內蒙古赤峰二中高三其次次月考)AsArtificialIntelligencebecomes________(increasing)complicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.答案：increasingly修飾動詞短語becomescomplicated，應當運用副詞作狀語。5．IamwritingtoexpressmywarmcongratulationsonyourwinningthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest________(recent)heldinourcity.答案：recently句意：我寫信表達熱情的慶賀。慶賀你在我市最近舉辦的英語演講競賽中獲得一等獎。修飾過去分詞held用副詞形式。6．I'mveryhappytoknowthatyouhave________(success)gotthegoldmedalintheInternationalScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestthisyear.答案：successfully句意：我很興奮獲悉你在今年的國際科技創(chuàng)新大賽中勝利獲得金牌。修飾動詞havegot用副詞形式。7．Afteralltheworkhadbeendone,weheadedhome,________(tire)buthappy.答案：tired句意：全部工作完成之后，我們回家了，雖然疲憊但是快樂。說明句子主語we的特征，所以用形容詞作狀語。8．Idon'tthinkwhathesaidis________(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.答案：relevantrelevant“有關的，貼切的”。berelevantto“與……相關的”，固定搭配。9．(2024·廣東省高三“六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isoneoftheworld's________(large)artmuseums.答案：largest句意：大都市藝術博物館是世界上最大的博物館之一。依據“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級＋復數名詞”的結構可知，此處運用largest。10．________(hope),we'llmeetagainonThursday.答案：Hopefully句意：希望咱們星期四再見面。修飾整個句子，用副詞作狀語。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.________________________________________________________________答案：clear→clearly修飾動詞