2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit12CultureShock單元語(yǔ)法二-現(xiàn)在分詞學(xué)案含解析北師大版必修4

PAGEUnit12CultureShock單元語(yǔ)法(二)——現(xiàn)在分詞[語(yǔ)法圖解][語(yǔ)法感悟]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Itisdifficulttoimaginehisaccepting(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.2．Thequestionbeing_discussed(discuss)isofgreatimportance.3．TheUShousepricehasrisenby12.4%overthe12monthstotheendofJuly,completelyruining(ruin)hisplantobuyanotherapartment.4．Notknowing(know)heraddress,Ican'twritetoher.5．Having_eaten(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.現(xiàn)在分詞是分詞的一種，屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但具有動(dòng)詞特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，能充當(dāng)其他的一些成分(定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))。一、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoadensewood.沿著通向郊外的路前進(jìn)，你就會(huì)走到一片密林處。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.雖然屢次失敗，但他沒(méi)有垂頭喪氣。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.我站在門(mén)旁，不敢說(shuō)一句話。Havingbeenseriouslyinjuredintheaccident,hehadtobetakentothehospitalimmediately.在事故中受傷很嚴(yán)峻，他不得不被馬上送往醫(yī)院。[即學(xué)即用1]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theboystanding(stand)underthetreeismydeskmate.2．Thehousesbeing_built(build)nowarefortheteachers.3．Having_tried(try)twice,hegaveupopeningthedoor.4．Having_been_scolded(scold)byhismother,theboysobbedinthecorneroftheroom.5．Notknowing(know)hisaddress,Ican'tsendhimthisbook.二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能動(dòng)詞－ing形式除了在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)(此時(shí)動(dòng)詞－ing形式為動(dòng)名詞)外，在句中還可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1．作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在被修飾詞之后，且往往可以用定語(yǔ)從句代替。Heisapromisingyoungman.他是一個(gè)很有前途的青年。Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我相識(shí)坐在那輛汽車?yán)锏哪切┤?。Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.正在實(shí)行的會(huì)議很重要?，F(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞則表示所修飾物的用途?，F(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞waitingcar等待著的汽車waitingroom候車室workingpeople勞動(dòng)著的人民workingmethod工作方法sleepingchildren熟睡著的孩子sleepingcars臥鋪車廂2.作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特性、狀態(tài)、情感等，具有形容詞的特征。Thesituationisencouraging.形勢(shì)很令人鼓舞。Thetheorysoundsquiteconvincing.這理論聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有勸服力。現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表明的是主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置不行互換。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Thematchwewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting.昨天晚上我們看的競(jìng)賽很激烈。Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.她的愛(ài)好是收集郵票。3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞通常作感官動(dòng)詞(watch,notice,see,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等)、表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(keep,leave)或使役動(dòng)詞(get,have,make)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞和賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系或主動(dòng)關(guān)系；從時(shí)間上講，它表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí)，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.昨晚，店主抓到一個(gè)小孩在商店里偷東西。4．作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(句子的主語(yǔ))之間為主謂關(guān)系，可以表示時(shí)間、緣由、結(jié)果、讓步、條件、伴隨、方式等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們都興奮地跳了起來(lái)。Beingwornout,shewenttobedearly.因?yàn)樘貏e乏累，她早早睡了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.盡管已被告知過(guò)很多次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Workinghard,youwillsurelysucceed.假如學(xué)習(xí)努力，你肯定會(huì)勝利的。Theysatroundthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們圍坐在桌旁，邊談邊笑。[即學(xué)即用2]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theflowerssmelling(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractmanyvisitors.2．Theymadeagreatefforttopreparetheexhibition,hoping(hope)toachieveabigsuccess.3．Don'tleavethewaterrunning(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.4．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.5．Thetrainstanding(stand)atplatform3isforLondon.三、現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)假如作狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一樣，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成，一部分是名詞或代詞，起著邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；一部分除現(xiàn)在分詞外，還包括形容詞、副詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等，表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或狀況。另外，多數(shù)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.因?yàn)闆](méi)有公交車了，我們不得不步行回家。Allaudiencehavingtakentheirseats,theplaybegan.全部觀眾就座之后，戲劇起先。四、現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)含有現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立成分，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering,supposing,takingsth.intoconsideration等，其形式不受上下文的影響，也不須要考慮其邏輯主語(yǔ)同句子主語(yǔ)是否一樣的問(wèn)題。Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchgamesthangirls.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩更喜愛(ài)這樣的嬉戲。Judgingfromhisexpression,hewassatisfiedwithourperformance.從他的表情來(lái)看，他對(duì)我們的演出感到滿足。[即學(xué)即用3]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Weatherpermitting(permit),we'llhaveapicnicnextSunday.2．Thelecturehaving_been_given(give),alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.3．Thebookbeing_written(write)insimpleEnglish,thestudentsfounditeasyorread.4．Taking(take)allthingsintoconsideration,theirmarriageisahappyone.5．Generallyspeaking(speak),thegirlisaconfidentstudent.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．LastSunday,mycousinsentmeane－mailinviting(invite)metohisbirthdayparty.2．Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcovering(cover)thedesert.3．Helookedaroundandcaughtamanputting(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.4．Thegirllookedatmewithapuzzledexpression.Maybetheproblemwasquitepuzzling.(puzzle)5．Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractiseparking(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.6．Istillrememberbeing_taken(take)totheFamen7．Wewalkedasfaraswecould,hoping(hope)tocatchtheearlybus.8．Having_failed(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentane－mailinstead.9．Hewasbusywritingastory,onlystopping(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.10．Itbeing(be)afinedayyesterday,wewentoutforawalk.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ican'tstandworking_withMaryinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.我受不了和瑪麗在同一個(gè)辦公室工作，工作時(shí)她還不停地講話。2．Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leaving_many_problems_unsettled.我們匆忙忙忙地結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下了很多問(wèn)題未解決。3．Ifyouarecaught_cheatinginexams,yourparentswillbecalledtos