專題八　動詞的時態(tài) 中考英語語法精準通關

專題八動詞的時態(tài)考情分析明方向1知識建構(gòu)曉脈絡2知識點深挖夯基礎3命題點探究拓思維4分層強化練速提能5

知識點考查題型具體考查內(nèi)容一般現(xiàn)在

時短文填空(2024)75.

believe回答問題(2024)

76.is

77.pair

up(2023)77.

reviews

78.

replays

80.

matters(2022)76.

is

77.

is

78.

takes

79.

should

do知識點考查題型具體考查內(nèi)容一般過去時語法選擇(2024)31.gets，got，will

get(2022)39.

tell，

tells，

told短文填空(2023)68.

cleaned回答問題(2024)78.lasted

79.became

80.became(2023)76.

discovered知識點考查題型具體考查內(nèi)容一般將來時回答問題(2022)80.

will

invite現(xiàn)在進行時語法選擇(2023)40.

study，

is

studying，

was

studying過去進行時//現(xiàn)在完成時短文填空(2024)68.has

grown

a

lot(2022)72.

has

become

popular

一般現(xiàn)在時1.

一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時通常用“主語＋am/is/are＋…”或“主語＋動詞

原形/第三人稱單數(shù)＋…”表示，常見的標志詞有often、usually、

sometimes、every

day、once

a

week、on

Monday等。2.

一般現(xiàn)在時的用法用法例句說明表示經(jīng)常性或

習慣性的動作

或存在的狀態(tài)I

leave

home

for

school

at

7

every

day.常與always、

often、

usually、

sometimes、every

day等頻度副詞

或時間狀語連用用法例句說明表示客

觀事實

或普遍

真理The

earth

goes

around

the

sun.He

said

light

travels

faster

than

sound.如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主

句是過去時，從句中謂語動詞也

要用一般現(xiàn)在時用法例句說明按計劃

或時間

表發(fā)生

的動作The

Flight

M398

takes

off

at

3

p.m.

tomorrow.一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來肯定會發(fā)生

的動作，常見的動詞有come、

go、

move、

stop、

leave、

finish、

start等用法例句說明在時間、條件狀語

從句中，用一般現(xiàn)

在時表將來I’ll

tell

you

when

I

arrive

in

Beijing

tomorrow.I’ll

go

fishing

if

the

weather’s

fine

next

week.主句是將來時，時間

狀語從句或條件狀語

從句用一般現(xiàn)在時

(

A

)1.

(2024北京)

A

lot

of

people

in

China

by

high-speed

train

every

year.A.travelB.traveledC.will

travelD.have

traveledA(

A

)2.

(2024河北)

Jenny

is

an

early

bird.

She

at

6:00

in

the

morning.A.

gets

upB.got

upC.will

get

upD.has

got

upA(

A

)3.(2023涼山改編)－Are

you

going

to

see

the

panda

Huahua

at

the

Chengdu

Research

Base

tomorrow？－Sure.

If

I

the

chance，

perhaps

I

can’t

see

her

any

longer

this

holiday.A.missB.missedC.will

missD.am

missingA

一般過去時1.

一般過去時的構(gòu)成一般過去時通常用“主語＋was/were或動詞過去式”表示。

動詞過去式的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式。(1)規(guī)則變化(見專題七知識點1中的過去式的變化規(guī)則)(2)不規(guī)則變化(見《晨讀手冊》P72～P75的不規(guī)則動詞表)2.

一般過去時的用法用法例句說明表示過去發(fā)

生的動作或

存在的狀態(tài)Where

did

you

go

just

now？常與yesterday、last

week、an

hour

ago、the

other

day、in

1981

等表示過去的時間狀語連用用法例句說明表示過去的

習慣或某一

段時間經(jīng)常

性的動作When

I

was

a

child，

I

often

played

in

the

yard.常與always、usually、often、

sometimes、never等頻率副詞連

用用法例句說明用于時

間狀語

從句中He

has

worked

in

the

school

since

he

moved

here

in

2020.用于since引導的時間狀語從

句，主句的謂語動詞如果用現(xiàn)

在完成時，從句要用一般過去

時

(

B

)4.

(2024北京)－What

did

you

do

last

Saturday，

Tina？－I

to

the

nursing

home

and

worked

as

a

volunteer

there.A.goB.wentC.will

goD.was

goingB(

D

)5.

(2024西藏)

He

have

breakfast

because

he

woke

up

late

this

morning.A.doesB.didC.doesn’tD.didn’tD

一般將來時1.

一般將來時的構(gòu)成一般將來時通常用“主語＋shall/will/be

going

to＋動詞原形

＋…”來表示，有些動詞可以用現(xiàn)在進行時來表示將來時。2.

一般將來時的用法用法例句說明表示將來會發(fā)生的動作或存

在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的

時間狀語連用I

will

be

free

tomorrow.

He’ll

arrive

here

tonight.

表達沒有主觀

性，是“純粹的

將來動作”用法例句說明事先考慮、打算、計劃要做

的事，用“be

going

to＋動

詞原形”He

is

going

to

spend

his

holidays

in

London.表示主語的

意圖、打算主語是I或we時，問句中使

用shallWhen

shall

we

meet

tomorrow

morning？表示征求對

方意見續(xù)表用法例句說明現(xiàn)在進行時表

示將來Go

ahead，

and

I’m

coming.常見的動詞有come、

go、leave、start等be

about

to＋

動詞原形The

new

school

year

is

about

to

begin.表示即將發(fā)生的動作

(

D

)6.

(2024河北)

I’m

expecting

a

friend.I’m

afraid

I

later.A.orderB.orderedC.was

orderingD.will

orderD(

D

)7.

(2024天津)

－Jane

and

I

a

picnic

this

Sunday.

Would

you

like

to

come

with

us？－Sure.

See

you

then.A.hadB.have

hadC.were

havingD.are

going

to

haveD

現(xiàn)在進行時1.

現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時通常用“主語＋am/is/are＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

＋…”來表示。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則(詳見專題七知識點1

中的現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則)2.

現(xiàn)在進行時的用法用法例句說明表示現(xiàn)在

正在進行

的動作He

is

waiting

for

you

at

the

school

gate

now.Look！

The

man

is

flying

a

kite

at

the

square.在句中常有now等時間狀語

或Look！/

Listen！等提示詞

語用法例句說明表示目前一段時

間內(nèi)正在進行的

動作或存在的狀

態(tài)Mr.Green

is

writing

another

novel

these

days.說話時未必在做，是

現(xiàn)階段所處的狀態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進行時表

示將要發(fā)生的動

作They

are

leaving

for

Hong

Kong，China

tomorrow.常用的動詞有come、

go、

leave、

arrive、

start等用法例句說明現(xiàn)階段反復

發(fā)生的動作

或狀態(tài)You

are

always

changing

your

mind.與always、forever等詞連

用，往往帶有說話人的主觀

色彩

(

A

)8.

(2024武威)

Tom

the

dog

at

the

moment.A.

is

walkingB.

walksC.

has

walkedD.

walkedA(

D

)9.

(2024長春)

Look！

The

students

an

art

class

in

the

park.A.haveB.were

havingC.hadD.are

havingD(

B

)10.(2024樂山改編)

－Hello，

may

I

speak

to

Jenny，

please？－Wait

a

minute，

please.

She

in

the

kitchen

now.A.cookedB.is

cookingC.will

cookD.was

cookingB

過去進行時1.

過去進行時的構(gòu)成過去進行時通常用“主語＋was/were＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

＋…”來表示。2.

過去進行時的用法用法例句說明表示在過去某

一時刻或某段

時間內(nèi)正在進

行的動作或存

在的狀態(tài)It

was

raining

when

they

left

the

station.有特定的時間，如at

that

time、

at

that

moment、

at

this

time

yesterday等，或when、

while等引導的時間狀語從句用法例句說明過去反復發(fā)生

的動作或存在

的狀態(tài)My

grandfather

was

always

forgetting

things.與always，forever等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩用過去進行時表

示過去將發(fā)生的

動作He

said

he

was

leaving

for

London

soon.常用的動詞有come、

go、

leave、

arrive、

start

等

(

D

)11.

(2024瀘州)

Hi，

Ethan.

I

called

you

at

8：00

last

night，

but

you

didn’t

answer.－Sorry，

I

the

dishes.A.

washB.

washedC.

am

washingD.

was

washingD(

B

)12.(2024福建改編)

When

I

saw

Xiao

Wang

yesterday，

he

an

old

man

cross

the

road.A.

helpsB.

was

helpingC.

helpedD.

will

helpB

現(xiàn)在完成時1.

現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時通常用“主語＋have/has＋動詞的過去分詞

＋…”來表示。(1)過去分詞的規(guī)則變化(同動詞的過去式的規(guī)則變化)(2)過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化(見《晨讀手冊》P72～P75的不規(guī)則動

詞表)2.

現(xiàn)在完成時的用法用法例句說明表示過去發(fā)生的

動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生

的影響或帶來的

結(jié)果She

has

already

seen

the

film.重心在對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響上，

常常與already、

yet、

never、

before等連用續(xù)表用法例句說明表示截至現(xiàn)在已完成

或剛完成的動作I’ve

just

done

my

work

and

can

go

with

you.常與already、

just、so

far等

連用用法例句說明表示動作開始于過

去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也

許還要持續(xù)下去，該

類用法中要求謂語動

詞必須使用延續(xù)性動

詞They

have

learned

English

for

eight

years.常與till

now、

so

far、

in

the

past

few

days等連用；常與

“for＋時間段”“since＋時

間點/時間狀語從句”連用3.

一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別例句解讀I

saw

this

film

yesterday.昨天我

看了這部電影。陳述以前發(fā)生的事情，單純敘

述過去，與現(xiàn)在無關I

have

seen

this

film.我已經(jīng)看過

這部電影了。強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影

響4.

瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞例句解讀He

has

borrowed

the

book.

(√)He

has

borrowed

the

book

since

last

week.

(×)He

has

kept

the

book

since

last

week.

(√)瞬間動詞表示動作瞬間完

成，可以有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，

但不能與表示一段時間的時

間狀語連用例句解讀He

has

left

the

factory

for

three

years.

(×)He

has

been

away

from

the

factory

for

three

years.

(√)常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代

替瞬間動詞，或變?yōu)槠渌?/p>

式的表述注意：許多瞬間動詞可以用意思相同或相近的延續(xù)性動詞來表

示。如：leave→be

away(from)、arrive/reach→be

at/in、

begin→be

on、come/go→be

in/at、finish→be

over、buy→have、

borrow→keep、die→be

dead、join→be

in/be

a

member

of

(

D

)13.

(2024連云港)

As

a

Chinese

traditional

martial

art(武

術)，

Taijiquan

to

more

than

150

countries

all

over

the

world

so

far.A.

spreadsB.

is

spreadingC.

will

spreadD.

has

spreadD(

B

)14.(2024成都改編)

The

astronauts

of

the

Shenzhou－

18

in

the

Tiangong

space

station

for

about

two

months

since

they

were

sent

into

space

in

April

this

year.A.will

workB.have

workedC.are

workingD.

workB(

B

)15.(2024常州)I

Yancheng

Park

several

times，

so

I

know

a

lot

about

it.A.was

visitingB.have

visitedC.visitD.will

visitB

動詞的時態(tài)在語法選擇中的運用★1.根據(jù)時間狀語標志詞，判定動詞的時態(tài)

(2023廣東)Now

David

40

space

science

...40.

A.

studyB.

is

studyingC.

was

studying【思路點撥】根據(jù)該句的時間狀語“Now”可知，此處表示動作

正在進行，應用現(xiàn)在進行時。故選B?！?.通過段落中或并列的動詞的時態(tài)判斷該處動詞的時態(tài)(2024廣東)When

he

turned

seven，

he

31

￡7

a

week.31.

A.

getsB.

gotC.

will

get【思路點撥】根據(jù)從句中的動詞“turned”可知，此處時態(tài)為一

般過去時。故選B。★3.根據(jù)上下文語境暗示，判斷動詞的時態(tài)(2021廣東)Now，

the

city

is

hoping

that

the

bridge

37

lots

of

tourists

to

the

area.37.

A.

broughtB.

will

bring

C.

is

bringingD.

was

bringing【思路點撥】根據(jù)語境及句意可知，此處指的是對未來的希望，

應用一般將來時。故選B。

動詞的時態(tài)在短文填空中的運用★1.根據(jù)時間狀語標志詞，判定動詞的時態(tài)(2024廣東)But

since

her

hometown

hosted

the

Asian

Games

in

2023，

her

interest

in

sports

has

68

a

lot.【思路點撥】根據(jù)語境及句意可知，此處指她對體育的興趣增長

了很多，用grow。根據(jù)前半句中的“since”及空前的“has”可

知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填grown?！?.通過段落中或并列的動詞的時態(tài)判斷該處動詞的時態(tài)(2023廣東)According

to

some

research，

before

toothbrushes

appeared，

the

ancient

Chinese

people

68

their

teeth

with

some

small

tree

branches(樹枝).【思路點撥】根據(jù)句意及備選詞可知，此處指清理牙齒，用

clean。根據(jù)before引導的時間狀語從句里的動詞“appeared”可

知，此處應用一般過去時。故填cleaned。

一、單項填空(

A

)1.

(2024龍東改編)

While

we

an

English

song，

some

visitors

came

into

our

classroom.A.were

singingB.sangC.are

singingD.singA(

D

)2.－Do

you

know

when

Grandpa

us？－Next

Saturday.We

will

give

him

a

surprise

when

he

.A.visits；

will

comeB.visits；

comesC.will

visit；

will

comeD.will

visit；

comesD(

C

)3.－Jim，

I’ve

got

a

problem

with

my

car.

Could

you

help

me？－Sorry，

not

right

now.

I

a

short

video.A.makeB.have

madeC.am

makingD.was

makingC(

B

)4.

Mr.

Smith

at

the

Natural

History

Museum

for

more

than

10

years，

so

he

knows

a

lot

about

insects.A.is

workingB.has

workedC.was

workingD.will

workB(

A

)5.Linda

her

notes

before

doing

homework

every

day.A.reviewsB.was

reviewingC.will

reviewD.has

reviewedA二、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空1.

(2024龍東改編)The

teacher

told

us

that

the

earth

(travel)

around

the

sun.2.

Sorry，

buddy.

I

(drive)

at

the

moment.

Can

I

call

you

back

later？3.

We

had

a

school

trip

last

month

and

I

(enjoy)

every

minute

of

it.travels

am

driving

enjoyed

4.

－Have

you

ever

(ride)

a

horse

before？

－Yes，

I

just

rode

a

horse

last

month.5.

We

are

sure

the

fog

(disappear)

soon

and

we

can

drive

back

home

safely.ridden

will

disappear

三、小語篇特訓(一)語法選擇

When

I

was

a

child，

my

father

helped

me

find

my

interest.

He

would

take

me

to

visit

art

museums，

give

me

books

to

read，

and

let

me

know

that

the

world

1

big.

When

I

became

interested

in

(

A

)1.

A.is B.was C.will

beAastronomy(天文學)as

a

teenager，

he

2

me

my

first

telescope(望

遠鏡).

He

would

go

out

with

me

even

on

cold

nights

to

see

the

stars

when

the

sky

3

very

clear.

(

B

)2.

A.buy B.bought C.will

buy(

C

)3.

A.is B.are C.wasBCHe

would

tell

me

something

like

“Sara，

you

must

get

a

job

so

that

you

4

yourself

and

not

depend

on

any

man.”

He

would

say

this

almost

in

an

angry

voice，

because

he

had

seen

women

in

his

own

family

would

just

get

married.(

B

)4.

A.support

B.will

support

C.are

supportingB

For

some

reason，

I

always

5

the

stars.

I

didn’t

really

pay

attention

to

science

at

all

until

my

third

year

of

high

school.

I

realized

I

was

really

good

at

science.(

B

)5.

A.loveB.lovedC.will

loveB

(2024濟寧一模改編)Every

day

my

mother

gets

up

early

in

the

morning

and

keeps

on

working

till

evening.

One

day，

I

1.

her

at

eight

in

the

evening.

She

said，

“I’ve

just

2.

home

from

the

vineyard

and

haven’t

had

supper

yet.

I

3.

the

clothes

now.”(二)短文填空請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當?shù)脑~，并根據(jù)需要用其正確形式填空，

使文章語法正確、完整連貫。注意：每空不．限．一．詞．，每詞僅用

一次，有兩詞為多余項。

speak

call

study

tell

wash

run

get

called

got

am

washing

Although

my

parents

are

busy

and

tired，

they

forget

it

as

soon

as

I

appear.

For

them，

the

happiest

time

is

to

be

with

me.

Once，

when

my

mom

saw

me

walking

towards

home，

she

cried

happily.

Whenever

I

go

back

home，

she

always

4.

into

the

kitchen

to

cook

something

delicious

for

me.runs

Dear

Mom

and

Dad，

I

am

your

hope.

I’ll

take

more

exercise

to

keep

healthy.

I

5.

harder

to

be

excellent

at

school.

Love，

sometimes，

doesn’t

need

many

words.

Love

your

parents

as

they

love

you.

Give

them

a

call

and

tell

them

you

miss

them.will

study

四、短文填空請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當?shù)脑~，并根據(jù)需要用其正確形式填空，

使文章語法正確、完整連貫。注意：每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，

有兩詞為多余項。

(2024石家莊一模改編)Every

day，

your

parents

seem

to

try

to

decide

everything

for

you，

from

the

clothes

you

wear

to

what

time

you

should

go

to

bed.

You