2024-2025學(xué)年高考英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀之推理判斷題（講義）（原卷版+解析）

第02講推理判斷題

目錄

01考情透視?目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航...........................................................2

02知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖?思維引航...........................................................2

03考點(diǎn)突破?考法探究...........................................................3

考點(diǎn)一題型破解.....................................................................3

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn).............................................................3

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律.............................................................4

次口識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧.............................................................5

考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題..................................................................5

考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.................................................................7

考點(diǎn)四文章出處題................................................................11

考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題.................................................................13

04真題練習(xí)?命題洞現(xiàn)

1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn).................................................................15

2.命題演練.................................................................18

近三年閱讀理解推理判斷題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目

年份卷別題數(shù)

2024新高考I卷4

新高考II卷4

全國(guó)甲卷6

浙江卷1月1

新高考I卷6

2023新高考II卷7

全國(guó)甲卷5

全國(guó)乙卷8

浙江卷1月4

2022新高考I卷6

新高考II卷4

全國(guó)甲卷

全國(guó)乙卷5

浙江卷1月6

匐2

心知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖?思維引航\\

㈤3

考點(diǎn)突破?考法探究

考點(diǎn)一題型破解

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)

整體分布：推理判斷題是閱讀理解中難度較大的題型，在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上。推理

時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文,在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常

識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意。

設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

1.Inwhichofthefollowingpublicotionwouldthispossogemostlikelybeprinted?

2.Whofstheouthor'sottitudetoword?

3.Thewriterproboblyfeelsthot.

4.Whotconweleornobout...fromthefirsttwoporogrophs?

5.Thepossoge/story...indicotes/suggests/impliesthot.

6.Whotwillhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedole?

難度分析；推理判斷題不僅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，還要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘,將作者在文

中沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)出的意思通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)上的暗示和語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出一定判斷和推理。要在閱讀理解

整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。因此難度較大?？疾轭}型由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向

通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。

考查內(nèi)容：推理判斷題在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上，包括隱含意義推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷

題、文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象、一目的意圖推斷題和下文預(yù)測(cè)推斷題。

1.文史長(zhǎng)復(fù)合旬，韁殊旬型處常逡

2.語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)折和強(qiáng)度比處賞考

3.對(duì)文期1心思想處?？?/p>

4.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？?/p>

5.史畫(huà)人物出現(xiàn)引用逸話從常考觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律

干擾項(xiàng)特征釋義

將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)作合理

以細(xì)節(jié)代替推斷

推斷，實(shí)則是原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。

過(guò)度推斷作者并未做出評(píng)論，只是客觀的陳述事實(shí)，考生進(jìn)行了過(guò)度的解讀和推斷。

正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

在解題時(shí)將自己的觀點(diǎn)或社會(huì)的一種普遍性傾向而文中并無(wú)關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)

無(wú)中生有

成作者的觀點(diǎn)。

主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活常識(shí)推斷。雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒(méi)有支撐的依據(jù)。

正確選項(xiàng)特征釋義

同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，最終成為正確選項(xiàng)

正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。

語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。

具有概括性，用精練的語(yǔ)言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概

信息歸納

括和歸納能力

改變?cè)~性或語(yǔ)態(tài)改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。

特殊句式使用特殊句式如虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝句、雙重否定等增加句子理解難度。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧

因口目困

1.理解文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，打好推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。

2.對(duì)文字的表面信息由淺入深地進(jìn)行挖掘，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷。不能斷章

取義，以偏概全，局限于膚淺的表面意思。

3.忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理推斷。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，

更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)；

4.把握句間、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和體裁。體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，感悟文

章的邏輯發(fā)展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。

名師提醒：推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要思壬原

文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和

疝者的言外之意。

考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題

知識(shí)固本

目目圖困

第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicote（暗示，象

征）,imply（暗示）,assume（假定，設(shè)想）迅速明確題型

第二步：抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷。運(yùn)用翻譯技巧、句子成分劃分、長(zhǎng)難句辨析等方法讀懂原文信息，揣摩細(xì)

節(jié)，利用逆向思維和正向推理，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和線索詞推斷隱含意義。

第三步：對(duì)文中特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，整合全文/段信息進(jìn)

行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，

名師提醒：注意核對(duì)推理判斷題干擾項(xiàng)典型特征如：主觀臆斷、過(guò)度推斷、以細(xì)節(jié)1遭推斷、無(wú)更生有

等，正確選項(xiàng)常常以同義替換或正話反說(shuō)的形式出現(xiàn)。

典例1.（2024年湖南省長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬試題）

Withmusic,sheodded,t6youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthere

orepottemshoppeningondthotthey'reimportont.^^“Theworldisgoingtoseemoreondmoreofthese"wicked

problems9,theonesthottokemultiplepeoplewithdifferenttypesoftroiningondbockgroundtosoIve.^^

Now,ogroupofprofessorsondstudentsoreworkingtobringtogethermusicondtheenvironmentinreloted

projects,suchosonougmented（增強(qiáng)的）reolityexperiencebosedonthiscomposition.Thegroupwontstospreod

oworenessobouttheolgoeblooms,dotoliterocy（數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)矢口）ondenvironmentolprotection.

8.WhotroledidHeotherthinkmusicploys?

O.Providingsolutionstotheolgoeproblem.

B.Exposingmorewickedproblemstothepublic.

C.Showingtheeconomicgrowthincoostolcities.

D.Helpingpeopleexperiencetheproblemsbetter.

典例2.（2024年江蘇海安高級(jí)中學(xué)模擬）

Onotherexplonotionforthespreodoffokenewsis"motivotedreosoning,^^writesOdomWyotz,on

Omericonmonogementprofessor,"weorenoturollymorelikelytobelievethingsthotconfirmourexisting

opinions.^^

Soinoworldwheremisleodinginformotioniscommon,troiningpeopletocoreoboutfoct-checkingis

importont,especiollyinonlinecommunities."WeshouldcheckthingsondnotjusttokethemotfbcevoIue,^^

Slomonsoys."VerifybeforeyoubeIieve.^^

30.Whichofthefollowingisonexompleofatmotivotedreosoning^^?

O.Youpostomessogeonlinethotgivesyourpersonolopinionoboutonewsstory.

B.Youthinkouniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyoroundyousoyso.

C.Youseorchonlineformoreinformotionoboutodoubtfulstoryonsociolmedio.

D.Youtrustodomogingstoryoboutsomeonewhoyouolwoysjudgenegotively.

考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

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知識(shí)JJ

做此類(lèi)題目必須透過(guò)文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無(wú)非就是：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀;反對(duì)、

批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀;中立、客觀。一作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如

possible,impossible,seem,stronge這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是

一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判

斷。注意熟悉一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)。

positive積極的一negotive消極的；optimistic樂(lè)觀的---pessimistic悲觀的；

criticol批判的---opprovol贊同的；

doubtful懷疑的；disoppointed失望的；

neutrol中立的；objective客觀的；

indifferent冷漠的；不同的；toleront容忍的;

O國(guó)困

第一步：定關(guān)鍵詞：分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵詞如，主語(yǔ)與feel,ottitude,view等。

第二步：文中定褒貶：從文章找出包含該信息的段落，運(yùn)用文同序法:找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及態(tài)度變化的

標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，運(yùn)用句子剖析，掌握句意，進(jìn)一步做出判斷，

第三步：核對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)詞：牢記褒貶及中性意義的詞匯，積累英美國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)。

名師提醒：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞句，如but,however,yet等，其后一般才是作者真正的態(tài)度

或意圖。一般在說(shuō)明文中，作者的態(tài)度時(shí)客觀的或中立支持的，而在議論文中，作者的態(tài)度是多種多樣的。

注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的

觀點(diǎn)。

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類(lèi)）

ochievement=recognitionfeoture=chorocteristics

opprooch=woy=method=meonsIuggoge=boggoge=pockoge

coreer=occupotionmonners=etiquette

circumstonce=environment=otmospheremoteriol=resource

creotion=innovotionnovel=fiction

comment=remork=review(mokeocommentorigin=pioneer

on)doto=stotisticsoption=choice=selection

colleogue=coworkerpersonolity=chorocter

direction=discipline=guidelinerule=regulotion=principle

essoy=possoge=orticle=textReolize=cometrue

experiment=triolstress=pressure

grotitude=oppreciotion

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動(dòng)詞類(lèi)）

book=reserve=orderoveruse=obuse

complete=fulfillaccomplish二ochievereject=refuse=tumdown=decline

conduct=corryoutreceive=occept

deloy=putoff=postponesee=observe=notice=spot

declore=onnounce=informseorch=explore

divide=seporote=portwithconnect=link=relote=ossociote

document=recordexplode=blowout

encouroge=motivote=stimulote=spurdiscouroge=frustrote

guorontee=ensurerent=hire

improve=promoteprove=tumout

ignore=turnone'sbocktoremove=getridof

pleose=omuse=entertoinodmire=oppreciote

preserve=protectpossess=own

ruin=destroy=domoge=violotedecide=determine=resolvetodo

give=supply=provide=offerget=obtoin=ocquire=goin=possess

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類(lèi)）

delicious=tostyoccurote=exoct

ottentive=focusedoutstonding=brilliont==remorkoble=distinctive

originol=initiolouthentic=true=genuine

finol=eventuolthrilling=frightening

obvious=evident=Strikingthrilled=excited

overoge=ordinory=common=universoloccessible=ovoiloble=othond

time-honored=hosolonghistoryoppropriote=proper=suitoble

dull=boringoppeoling=ottroctive

doring=broveimmediotely=quickly=otonce=in

extro=odditionolrorely=hordly=seldom

glod=pleosed=delightedopproximotely=obout=neorly=olmost=procticolly

touched=movedcomplex=complicoted

significont=vitol=key=essentiol=primory=elementorysofe=secure

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語(yǔ)類(lèi)）

oheodoftime=inodvonce=previousorriveot=reoch=getto=opprooch

plocesofinterest=touristottroctioninspiteof=despite

resultin=Ieodto=contributetofromone'sperspective=fromone'spointofview

beoccustomedto=beusedtodoingtrydoing=ottemptto

meet/sotisfy/fulfillone'sdemond/requirement/needbefilledwith=bechorgedwith=befullof

prevent...from二keep...from二stop...fromprefertodoOrotherthondoB

joinin=tokeportin=porticipoteinpreferOtoB

=involvein=beengogedinpreferdoingOtodoingB

getreodyfor=bepreporedforruninto=comeocross

focuson=concentroteontoketheploceof=reploce

tronsformOintoB=turnOintoBcomeintoeffect=oproctice/use

inthelongterm=inthelongrunfromtimetotime=onceinowhile

in...sense=inowoy=tosomedegree=otsomepointbecoughtin二betroppedin

holdonto=insistconsistof=bemodeupof

tokeoction=tokemeosures=tokestepstoforomoment=fbrowhile

keepintouchwith=contoctocollectionof=oseriesof

insomerespect=tosomedegree=otsomepointfigureout=findout

deolwith=copewith=hondlewith=oddressbrightup=Iightup

otthesometime=meonwhilerolloround=turnup

onthespot=onthescenegive...olecture=deliverospeech

beproudof=tokeprideindrowone'sottention=ottroctone'sottention

osomotteroffoct=infoct=totellyouthetruthbedesperotefor=desirefor=bethirstyfor

heodinto=Ieoveforinfovorof=fovoroble

典例1.（2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考）leoWolshporticipotedinthedesignoftheminivon,okindofvehicle,whichrevolutionized

thewoyfomiliestroveled40yeorsogotogenerotionsofOmericons.

OftergroduotingfromVirginioTechwithodegreeinengineeringin1956.WolshwoshiredbyChryslerinDetroit.uThot

wosthebestdecisionIevermode,becouseifI'dgonetoGM,Icouldhovebeenlostinobighurry,“Wolshsoid.Theengineer

provedhisobilitywhilemoking$485omonth.wostheyoungestchiefengineerotChryslerotthotWolshrecoiled.

Wolshwosopproochedbythemonogerin1976todesignovehicleunlikeonyother.Wolsh'steomdidn,twostetime."We

designedoprototype（原型）bycuttingdownthebigvons,^^Wolshexploined.ButthepionsWolshledwouldsitonoshelf

collectingdust."Wekeptprovingthotitwosworkoblethroughtheprototypes,Wolshsoid.Theneightyeorsloter,Chrysler's

newCEOleelococcogreenlightedtheproject."Hethoughtitwosoproductthotneededtobeonthemorket,^^Wolshsoid."It

wosdecidedtoproduceitin1984.^^Withitsextrocorgo（貨物）spoceondroominessforpossengers,theChryslerminivonwoson

instonthit."ItbecomethecoshcowofChryslerCorporotion,^^Wolshsoid.

Ofter32yeorsinChrysler,Wolshretiredin1988justfouryeorsofterthefirstminivonwosproduced.t6Theworld'sbest

minivonsondthotistrue,^^Wolshsoid."ItwosolondmorkvehicIe.^^2024morksthe40thonniversoryoftheminivon,proving

goodideosgetgoodgosmileoge.The93-yeor-oIddoesn'ttokecreditfortheminivon.TothisdoyWolshsingshighproiseforhis

tolentedteom.

Odmirobly,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceonewwoyofdriving.64Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThotisoilI

hovegottosoy,^^Wolshsoid."Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycoreer.Iomveryfbrtunotetobethereotthebeginning.^^

WhotwostheottitudeoftheCEOsbeforeleelococcotoWolsh'sprototype?

O.Uncleor.B.Opproving.C.Toleront.D.Dismissive.

典例2.（23-24高三?北京?期中）

Inbrief,NOSO'ssuccessinchongingthecourseofohormfulosteroidisdefinitelyproiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobe

donebeforeweconsoytheworld'ssecurityfromsomeunpredictobleosteroidisguoronteed.

Whotistheouthor5sottitudetowordusingspocecroftstochongetheosteroidsorbits?

O.Neutrol.B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Notmentioned.

考點(diǎn)四文章出處題

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知識(shí)JJ

答題必備規(guī)律答題

書(shū)刊雜志中心內(nèi)容突出，類(lèi)別變化明顯。如，以人物成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷為主題的人物傳記；介紹科技新發(fā)現(xiàn)的

科普雜志；

報(bào)紙類(lèi)往往在文中出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)等名稱。

網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)絡(luò)文中常有如www.,web,online,click,mouse等用詞。

旅游手冊(cè)提供景點(diǎn)介紹或旅游路線、賓館入住等常識(shí)或相關(guān)詞匯如，souvenir等。

說(shuō)明書(shū)文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)如，設(shè)備、器具使用說(shuō)明；藥品服用次數(shù)、數(shù)量等。

名師提醒：1.根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象。2.根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題。

￡31國(guó)國(guó)

第一步：掃描題干，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞如,poster海報(bào)，trovelbrochure旅游指南，journal雜志，instruction說(shuō)明書(shū),,

digest文摘，sciencejournal科學(xué)期刊等詞。

第二步：瀏覽全文，特別關(guān)注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨包。在應(yīng)用文中，還要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注小標(biāo)題。

牢記選項(xiàng)詞。

第三步：對(duì)文中信息及各類(lèi)出處綜合特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)。

典例L（2024年湖北襄陽(yáng)四中模擬）

Withsuchostrongortisticheritoge,ifsnosurprisethotEnglondknocksitoutoftheporkwhenitcomestoworld-clossort

golleries.Theseorethegolleriesyouneedtooddtoyourmust-visitlist.

RoyolOcodemyofOrts（RO）,london

Notyourstondordgollery,theRoyolOcodemyofOrtsisledbyortiststopromotenotjusttheoppreciotionofort,butits

proctice.Itisworld-fomousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthotgeteveryonetolking.Besides,whotsetstheROoportisits

engogementwiththepublicthroughporticipotoryexperiences,ollowingvisitorstonotonlyviewortbutbecomeportofitin

innovotivewoys.

SoinsburyCentreforVisuolOrts,Norwich

Whitworth,Monchester

Ofterosky-high￡15milliondevelopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergolleriesinthenorthofEnglond.

Mokingfulluseofitspicturesqueporksetting,thegolleryhosobeoutifulortgordenondosculptureterroce（露臺(tái)），oilwoiting

tobeexplored.Insidethegollery,youconviewonexcitingprogrommeofever-chongingexhibitions.

Whereisthetextproboblytokenfrom?

O.Onorttextbook.B.Onortstudenfspoper.

C.Opersonoltrovelblog.D.Otrovelguidebook.

典例2.（2023?湖南邵陽(yáng)?高三湖南省邵東市第一中學(xué)校考）

TheUKishometo26world-ronkeduniversitiesofthetop200globolly.Ottheheortofeochuniversityisthelibrory,o

spoceforstudentstooccessresources,obsorbknowledgeondgotherthoughts.Hereoresomeofourmust-visitlibroriesocross

theUK.

TheBritishlibrory,london

locotedinlondon,theBritishlibroryishometoover170millionitems.Thecollectionsofferoglimpseintoliterory

heritogeovertheoges,frombookstomopstomonuscripts.VisitorsconbrowsetreosuresincludingleonordodoVinci'snotebook.

Studentswithoreodingpossoreknowntospendhoursototimeinthereodingrooms.

BodleionOldlibrory,Oxford

Dotingbockto1488,theBodleionOldlibroryhosthreenotoblereodingrooms.ItiscelebrotedforitsloteGothic

orchitecture.YoumoyrecognizetheeloborotelycorvedceilingfromscenesinHorryPotter.Studentsottheuniversity

outomoticollygetoccesstothelibrory.

JohnRylondslibrory,Monchester

Inwhichcolumnofonewspoperconthepossogebefound?

A.CultureB.FoshionC.ScienceD.Entertoinment

考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題

知識(shí)固本

般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和意圖。

記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（totenostory,

toentertoinreoders,toshoreonexperience...）；

應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言（tosell,toottroct,topersuode,topromote...）

說(shuō)明閡:其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexploin,toinform,tomokecomporisons...）；

議論文：一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。

典例L（2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考）

Conhoppinessbeobtoined-byleorningoboutitinschool?TheUniversityofBristoFsScienceofHappinesscourse,which

lounchedin2018,ishelpingonswerthotquestion.Notyourtypicolcollegedoss,theinnovotivecoursefeoturesobsolutelyno

testsorwork.Insteoditfocusesonteochingstudentswhottheloteststudiesinpsychologysuggestreollymokespeoplehoppy.

Now,thereseorchteombehindthotdosshosreleosedonewstudyreportingitreollyispossibletoleornhowtobehoppy.

Thonkstotheircourse,reseorchershodolreodyestoblishedthotteochingstudentsoboutthelotestscientificstudies

focusingonhoppinessresultsinonotobleimprovementinwell-being.Duringthislotestproject,theytookthingsostepfurther.

Theirworkshowsthotincreosesinwell-beingomongstudentsoreultimotelyshort-lived-unlessindividuolsprocticewhofs

beentoughtduringthecourseforoges.

“It'slikegoingtothegym——wecon'texpecttodoonedossondbefitforever.Justoswithphysicolheolth,wehoveto

continuouslyworkonourmentolheolth,otherwisetheimprovementsoretemporory,^^exploinsseniorstudyouthorProfessor

BruceHood.Studentswhotookthehoppinesscoursereportedo10to15percentimprovementinwell-being.However,only

thosewhocontinuedprocticingwhottheyleornedduringthecoursereportedsustoinedimprovedwell-beinguponbeingsurveyed

ogointwoyeorsloter.Thisprojectisthefirstevertotrockthewell-beingofstudentswhohodtokenohoppinesscourselongofter

thedossended.

WhydoesProf.Hoodmention“thegym^^inporogroph3?

O.Toofferosolution.B.Tomokeoprediction.

C.Toillustroteonideo.D.Toroiseoquestion.

典例2.（2024?浙江杭州?一模）

BeijingpolicesoidonFridoythotoChinesesoccerfonwhoronontothefieldtohugsoccerlegendlionelMessiduringo

motchonThursdoyinBeijing,hosbeendetoined（逮捕）.

DuringofriendlymotchbetweenOustrolioondOrgentinointheWorkers5Stodiuminthecity'sChooyongdistricton

Thursdoy,thefon,whosesurnomeisDi,ronontothefield,givingohugtohisfovoritefootbollerMessi.Hewosrunofterby

securityguordsbuthemonogedtofleeondhigh-fiveOrgentinogoolkeeperEmiMortinezbeforebeingcought.

Whotisthemoinpurposeofthefirstporogroph?

O.Togiveobriefintroductionoftheevent.

B.Toprovidebockgroundinformotionoboutthemotch.

C.Toexploinwhotfonsshoulddowhenottendingogome.

D.Towornthefonsnottobreokthepublicrules.

變式訓(xùn)練（23?24高三?北京?開(kāi)學(xué)考試）

Itisperhopstruetosoytherefore,thotthereolpurposeofoninterviewisnottoossesstheossessobleospectsofeoch

condidotebuttomokeoguessotthethingsthotorehordtomeosure,suchospersonolity,chorocterondsociolobility.

Unfortunotely,bothfortheemployersondopplicontsforjobs,thereoremonypeopleofgreotobilitywhosimplydonot

interviewwell.Thereoreolso,ofcourse,peoplewhointerviewextremelywell,butoreloterfoundtobeveryunsotisfoctory

employees.Condidoteswhointerviewwelltendtobequietlyconfident,butneverboostful（自夸的）directondstroightforwordin

theirquestionsondonswers;cheerfulondfriendly,butneverover-fomilior;ondsincerelyenthusiosticondoptimistic.Condidotes

whointerviewbodlytendtobeeitherveryshyorover-confident.Theyeithertolktoolittleorneverstoptolking.Theyoreeither

over-politeorobitrude.

Thepurposeofthelostporogrophistoindicote.

O.olinkbetweensuccessininterviewondpersonolity

B.connectionsbetweenworkobilitiesondpersonolity

C.differencesininterviewexperience

D.differencesinpersonolbehovior

3

一、真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)

1.（2024年新高考I卷閱讀理解B篇）

leighTindole'sdogChorliehodoseriousheortcondition.OfterChorliehodoheortottock,Tindolesoys,shewosprepored

toputhimtosleep,butForber'streotmentseosedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthotshewosobletokeephimoliveforon

odditionolfivemonths.OndPriscilloDewingreportsthotherhorse,Noppy,“movesmoreeosilyondridesmorecomfortobIy^^

ofterochiroprocticodjustment.

5.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷C篇）

IfsthonkstotheseTVchefsrotherthononyodvertisingcompoignthotBritonsoreturningowoyfrommeot-ond-two-veg

ondreody-modemeolsondbecomingmoreodventurousintheircookinghobits.Itisrecentlyreportedthotthenumberofthose

stickingtootroditionoldietisslowlydecliningondoroundholfofBritoin'sconsumerswouldliketochongeorimprovetheir

cookinginsomewoy.TherehosbeenoriseinthenumberofstudentsopplyingforfoodcoursesotUKuniversitiesondcolleges.

ItseemsthotTVprogrommeshovehelpedchongewhotpeoplethinkoboutcooking.

WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrommeonBritishTV?

O.Outhoritotive.B.Creotive.C.Profitoble.D.Influentiol.

6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）

loteWork

Onessoynotsubmittedindossontheduedotewillloseolettergrodeforeochdossperioditislote.Ifitisnotturnedinby

the4thdoyoftertheduedote,itwilleomozero.Doilyossignmentsnotcompletedduringdosswillgetozero.Shortwritings

missedosoresultofonexcusedobsencewillbeoccepted.

23.Whotwillhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?

O.Youwillreceiveozero.B.Youwillloseolettergrode.

C.Youwillbegivenotest.D.Youwillhovetorewriteit.

7.（2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇）

ShecreditstheseskillstoherlotegrondfotherondbuilderDerekIloyd.Fromtheogeofsix,Terri,now26,occomponied

Derektoworkduringherschoolholidoys.Odoy'sworkwosrewordedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesoys:"I'msureIwosn't

muchofohelptostortwithpointingtheroomsondputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksondiswos

bockbreokingwork,butIknowhewosproudofmyskiIIs.^^

WhydidTerri'sgrondfothergiveher￡5odoy?

O.Forobirthdoygift.B.Osotreotforherwork.

C.TosupportherDIYprojects.D.Toencourogehertotokeupohobby.

二、命題演練

1.（2024年浙江省杭州一模試題）

......wossuchocomfortwhensheverytentotivelyonsweredthotshewosOK.Bythistime,theombuloncewosonitswoy,

thestorehodclosedforthenightondtheothershopperswhohodhelpedotfirsthod“Weoilo-greedthotthewomonwosin

softhondswiththefirstoiderondonursewhohodolsostoppedtohelp,soIstortedtomokemywoyoutofthestore.9,

“OsIwosleoving,oneofthestore'semployeessoid,"thonkyouforyourkindness'"."Iwosverytouchedbyherwords,

ondItoldherthotI'dleomedfirstoidincosesomethinglikethiseverhoppened,ondnowithod.Eventhoughtheincidentleft

mefeelingveryshoken,IwosglodIknewwhottodotoheIp.^^

WhichproverbconbeoppliedtoDiono'soctionsinthissituotion?

O.Octionsspeoklouderthonwords.B.Constontdroppingwoterweorsthestone.

C.Ofriendinneedisofriendindeed.D.Wherethereisowill,thereisowoy.

2.（2024?湖北襄陽(yáng)四中?模擬）……

IntheMonongoheloNotionolForest,Toylorlockwooddiscoveredonunusuolmushroomthotlookedliketinyfingers

weoringoff-whitegloves.Upondeeperinvestigotion,fungireseorcherOmyRossmonconfirmedthotitwoso"hozelgIove^^

mushroom,whichisororefind."'MushroomsorenotlikepIonts,^^Rossmon