上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學2019屆高三上學期期中考試英語試卷(含解析)

PAGE上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學2019屆高三上學期期中考試英語試卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．Themama﹣bearinstinctMs．AngelaMcQueen，amathandPEteacheratMattoonHighSchool，Illinois，hasaroutinewhenshe'sonlunch﹣monitoringduty．She___1___（keep）aneyeonthehundredsofstudentsinherchargebywalkinglaps（圈）aroundtheschoolcafeteria．InSeptember2017，McQueen，then40，hadhardlyfinishedonelap___2___a14﹣year﹣oldfreshmanstandingnotfarfromherpulledoutagun．Sheknewtoowellthathewasgoingtostartshooting．Schoolemployees___3___（train）onhowtohandleactiveshooters：Attacktheirability___4___（aim）．Sowiththeshooter'sfingeronthetrigger，McQueenrushedtohim．___5___（grab）athisarm，sheforcedthegunintotheair，butnot___6___hestruckonestudentinthehandandchestandhurtanother．Asstudentsranfortheexits，McQueendefeatedtheshooterwithhelpfromtheschoolresourceofficer，___7___disarmedthestudentandtookhimintoimprisonmentuntilpolicearrivedminuteslater．Afterward，McQueenwentoutsidetogivehugsandsupporttohershakenstudents．"It'sthemama﹣bearinstinct，"shetoldthelocalpaper．"Idon'thavekidsofmyown，butthesearestill‘___8___'kids．"___9___McQueen，astorythathasplayedouttragicallyatfartoomanyschoolsacrossthecountryhadarelativelyhappyending．"Ifithadn'tbeenforher，thesituationwouldhavebeenalotdifferent，"PoliceChiefJeffBransonsaidatanewsconference．Asone___10___（impress）studenttoldCBSNews，"Mr．McQueenisourheroine．"【答案】1.keeps2.when3.hadbeentrained4.toaim5.grabbing6.before7.who8.my9.Thanksto10.impressed【解析】【分析】這是應用文。文章報道了伊利諾斯州馬頓高中的數(shù)學和體育老師安吉拉麥昆(AngelaMcQueen)在有學生持槍殺人事件中的英勇事跡?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。結合上下文可知，此處要用一般現(xiàn)在式，主語是she，謂語要用單三形式，故填keeps?！?題詳解】考查按固定句型。haddone…when是固定句型，此處是when引導時間狀語從句，故填when。【3題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上文可知，該事件發(fā)生在過去，老師接受培訓屬于過去的過去，用過去完成時，employees與train之間是被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)，故填hadbeentrained。【4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。分析句式結構可知，設空處要做ability的定語，用不定式作后置定語，故填totrain?！?題詳解】分析句子結構，此處是做其后的句子的狀語，所給提示詞是動詞，此處做的是伴隨狀語，要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填grabbing【6題詳解】考查狀語從句。根據(jù)下文持槍的學生打了一個學生的手和胸，可知，McQueen開始沒能抓住學生的胳膊，即在抓住他的胳膊之前，他打了一個學生的手和胸，故填before?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。這是個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是officer，指人，從句中缺少主語，故填who?！?題詳解】考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的Idon’thavekidsofmyown可知，此處想要表達他們?nèi)匀皇俏业暮⒆樱侍頼y?！?題詳解】根據(jù)下文的假設，如果沒有McQueen，這樣的故事將有不同的結局，可知，此處想表達：多虧了McQueen，這個在全國太多學校上演的悲劇有一個相對幸福的結局。故填Thanksto?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。設空后的student是名詞，其前要用形容詞修飾，提示詞是動詞，要用其非謂語形式作定語，student指人，用過去分詞作定語修飾人，故填impressed。【點睛】非謂語動詞是高考必考考點，也是貫穿整個高中階段的重要知識內(nèi)容，需要考生準確的把握住三種非謂語動詞形式各自的特點和用法，此處考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法，主要要求考生區(qū)別三種非謂語形式作狀語。第4小題和10小題均考查非謂語動詞的不定式和過去分詞形式，都是非謂語動詞作定語。SectionB2．Photographyisoftenperceivedasanobjective，andthereforeunbiased，mediumfordocumentingandpreservinghistoricmomentsandnationalandworldhistories，andforvisualizingandnarratingnewsstories．Butthechoicesmadebyaphotographer﹣includinghowtheimageis___11___，whatisleftinoroutoftheframe，andhowitmaybecropped，edited，orotherwisealteredafteritistaken﹣introduceapoint﹣of﹣viewintothephotographand___12___impacthowwereceiveandunderstandimages．Suchconsiderationsraisecriticalquestionsabouthowwillinglyweacceptanyonephotographasareflectionof___13___truth．Photographscanbear___14___tohistoryandevenserveascatalysts（催化劑）forchange．Theycanfostersympathyandraiseawarenessor，___15___，offercriticalcommentaryonhistoricalpeople，places，andevents．Throughoutthehistoryofthemedium，photographershaveaimedtocapturetheessenceofeventstheysawwiththeirowneyes﹣thoughthequestionofthetrustworthinessoftheirimagesisalwaysupfordebate．ThoughDorotheaLangehadbeenoperatingasuccessfulportraitstudioinSanFranciscosince1919，shewasmovedbythehomelesspeopleastheGreatDepressionbegantotakeitstoll，andshestartedphotographingthem．ThesephotographsledtoherbeinghiredbythefederalFarmSecurityAdministration（FSA），formedtoraiseawarenessofandprovideaidtopoorfarmers．LangecloselyidentifiedwiththeFSA'smission，whichwasto___16___theeffectsoftheDepressiononAmericans，bringingattentiontotheirstrugglessothatsucheventswouldneverrecur．DueinparttoherworkwiththeFSA，Langebecameknownasapioneerofdocumentaryphotography，a___17___shedislikedbecauseshefeltthetermdidnotreflectthepassionatesocialmotivationsthatfueledherwork．DorotheaLangetookthisphotographMigrantMother，Nipomo，Californiain1936，whileemployedbytheFSAprogram．InNipomo，California，LangecameacrossFlorenceOwensThompsonandherchildreninacampfilledwithfieldworkerswhoselivelihoodsweredevastatedbythefailureofthepeacrops．RecallingherencounterwithThompsonyearslater，shesaid，"Isawandapproachedthehungryanddesperatemother．IdonotrememberhowIexplainedmy___18___ormycameratoher，butIdoremembersheaskedmenoquestions．Imadefiveexposures，workingcloserandcloserfromthesamedirection．"Onephotographfromthatshoot，nowknownasMigrantMother，waswidely___19___tomagazinesandnewspapersandbecameasymboloftheplightofmigrantfarmworkersduringtheGreatDepression．AsLangedescribedThompson'ssituation，"Sheandherchildrenhadbeenlivingonfrozenvegetablesfromthefield．Yettheycouldnotmoveon，forshehadjustsoldthetiresfromthecartobuyfood．"However，Thompsonlater___20___Lange'saccount．Whenareporterinterviewedherinthe1970s，sheinsistedthatsheandLangedidnotspeaktoeachother，nordidshesellthetiresofhercar．ThompsonsaidthatLangehadeitherconfusedherforanotherfarmerorembellished（渲染）whatshehadunderstoodofhersituationinordertomakeabetterstory．【答案】11.B12.E13.A14.F15.C16.D17.K18.G19.I20.J【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。攝影被認為是一種客觀的、不帶偏見的用來記錄和保存歷史時刻、國家和世界歷史，以及用來視覺化和敘述新聞故事的媒介。文章主要講述了攝影對歷史事件記錄的影響，并以著名攝影師DorotheaLange為例子來說明其影響?！?1題詳解】考查動詞含義及語態(tài)。首先，句意為"但是攝影師所做的選擇——包括圖象如何創(chuàng)作、什么在鏡框內(nèi)什么在鏡框之外、如何修剪編輯……"；其次，該空在be動詞之后，所以該空只能填名詞、形容詞或分詞，composed意為"構成，寫作，創(chuàng)作"，與be動詞構成被動結構。結合句意，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查副詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影師把某個觀點引入到攝影作品里，這必然會影響我們?nèi)绾谓邮芎屠斫庠摂z影作品"；其次，該空需要一個副詞來修飾impact，inevitably，意為"必然地，不可避免地"。結合句意，故選E?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞含義。首先，句意為"這樣的考慮會引起一些關于我們?nèi)绾涡母是樵傅亟邮苋魏我环磻罱K真實結果的攝影作品的關鍵性問題"；其次，該空需要一個形容詞來修飾truth，definitive，意為"最后的，決定性的，限定的"。結合句意，故選A。【14題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影能支撐（即證明）歷史的存在，甚至能充當變化的催化劑"；其次，該空需要一個名詞來做bear的賓語，此處的bear為動詞，意為"承受，承擔，支撐"，presence意為"存在，出席，風度"。結合句意，故選F?！?5題詳解】考查副詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影作品能夠培養(yǎng)同情心和增強意識，或者，就歷史上的人物、地點或事件提供關鍵性的評論"；其次，oralternatively意為"或者"，alternatively意為"或者，二者擇一地"。結合句意，故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞含義及todo。首先，句意為"這一任務將見證美國經(jīng)濟大蕭條的影響"；其次，該空需要一個動詞來與to構成不定式，witness意為"見證，目擊"。結合句意，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"Lange被稱作紀實攝影師﹣﹣一個她不喜歡的歸類（因為她感覺這個術語不能反應給她工作帶來熱情的社會動機）"；其次，該空需要一個名詞來做為a的修飾對象，classification意為"分類，歸類，等級"。結合句意，故選K?！?8題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"我不記得我是如何向她展示我的證件和相機了"；其次，該空需要一個名詞作為my的修飾對象，document意為"文件，公文，證件"。結合句意，故選G?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語。首先，句意為"被稱作MigrantMother的作品被流傳到許多雜志和報刊"；其次，becirculatedto…為固定短語，意為"流傳到……，分發(fā)到……"。結合句意，故選I?！?0題詳解】考查動詞含義。首先，句意為"然而，后來Thompson對Lange的敘述有所質疑"；其次，該空需要一個動詞來充當謂語，contest意為"質疑，爭辯"，contested為一般過去形式。結合句意，故選J?！军c睛】解答此類題目可遵循以下步驟：第一步，通讀全文，了解文章大意，獲得整體印象，同時初選出一批較有把握的答案。第二步，邊核對初選答案邊補填留下的空格。如果短文難度較大，則可復讀幾遍，核對和確定答案。有些空一時決定不了，可作個記號，待復查時再確定。第三步，復查定稿。從整體理解角度出發(fā)，仔細審核答案，確保意義上、語法上沒有錯誤，同時對遺留下來的少數(shù)幾個空格作最后選擇。III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA3．VastpartsofEarthshouldbeleftwildToavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity．SosayleadingbiologistsinaneditorialinthejournalScience．Thisisn'tjustaboutsavingbiodiverseareas，saysJonathanBaillieoftheNationalGeographicSociety，oneoftheauthors．Itisalsoaboutsavingourselvesbyprotecting___21___naturalsystems，orecosystems，andtheirbenefitstous，knownasecosystemservices．"Wearelearningthatthelargeareasthatremainareimportantforprovidingservicesforalllife．Theforests，forexample，are___22___forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie．Atpresent，just3.6percentoftheplanet'soceansand14.7percentoflandisprotectedbylaw．Atthe2010NagoyaConferenceoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity，governmentsagreedtoprotect10percentoftheoceansand17percentoflandby2020．Butthisisn'tnearlyenough，saysBaillie．Intheeditorial，heandhiscoauthor，Ya﹣PingZhangoftheChineseAcademyofSciences，wantgovernmentstosetmuchbigger___23___atthenextmajorconferenceonbiodiversityin2020．"Wehavetoenormously___24___ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe___25___benefitfrom，"saysBaillie．"Thetrendsareina___26___direction，it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster．"Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem___27___，thepairsay，becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare．___28___，mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected．Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe___29___whensettinggoalsandstrategies．"Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea___30___forconservingandretainingnature，"saysJamesWatsonattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia．"Targetslike50percentareintherightballparkwhenitcomestotheminimal___31___ofareaneededtoconservebiodiversity．"ButWatsonandothersstressthatwhichareasgetprotectedisevenmoreimportantthantheoverallpercentage．"Thekeythingistoprotecttherightareas，"saysJoseMontoyaoftheStationforTheoreticalandExperimentalEcologyinMoulis，F(xiàn)rance．"Ifwe___32___protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof___33___biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision．"Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing___34___，Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．Soonly___35___areastobeprotectedisn'tenough．21.A.stricter B.wider C.safer D.simpler22.A.unique B.sufficient C.critical D.fit23.A.examples B.values C.awards D.objectives24.A.increase B.achieve C.lack D.frustrate25.A.barely B.currently C.roughly D.thoroughly26.A.opposite B.fixed C.complex D.positive27.A.approaches B.management C.benefits D.degradation28.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Otherwise29.A.concerned B.changeable C.firm D.cautious30.A.deserted B.secured C.measured D.distributed31.A.damage B.cost C.amount D.standard32.A.completely B.merely C.virtually D.desperately33.A.mass B.tropical C.marine D.low34.A.exploited B.expanded C.restored D.discovered35.A.developing B.covering C.declaring D.utilizing【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】本文主要講述為了避免動植物大規(guī)模滅絕，政府應該保護三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年為止，到2050年為一半，重點是生物多樣性高的地區(qū)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.stricter更嚴格的；B.wider更寬廣的；C.safer更安全的；D.simpler更簡單的。根據(jù)上文Toavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity可知為了避免動植物大規(guī)模滅絕，政府應該保護三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年為止，到2050年為一半，重點是生物多樣性高的地區(qū)，說明我們應該保護更寬廣的（wider）自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，故選B。【22題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.unique獨一無二的；B.sufficient足夠的；C.critical至關重要的；D.fit合適的。本句Theforests，forexample，are（2）forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie。句意是例如，森林對于吸收和儲存碳是至關重要的（critical），"Baillie說。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.examples例子；B.values價值；C.awards獎項；D.objectives目標。根據(jù)下文whensettinggoalsandstrategies?？芍谠O定目標和策略時。說明我們應該設定更大的目標（objective），故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.increase增加；B.achieve獲得；C.lack缺少；D.frustrate挫敗。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我們想要避免滅絕危機，并且如果我們想維持我們目前受益的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務，我們必須極大地增加（increase）我們的雄心壯志，"故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.barely幾乎不；B.currently目前；C.roughly大略；D.thoroughly徹底地。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我們想要避免滅絕危機，并且如果我們想維持我們目前（currently）受益的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務，我們必須極大地增加我們的雄心壯志，"故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.opposite；B.fixed；C.complex；D.positive。根據(jù)下句it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster。"可知只是我們必須加快行動。"說明現(xiàn)在正朝著積極的（positive）方向前進，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.approaches；B.management；C.benefits；D.degradation。本句Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem（7），句意是很難確定需要多少空間來保護生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理（management），故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.Therefore；B.Furthermore；C.However；D.Otherwise。本句becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare。（8），mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected。句意是因為有太多我們不了解地球上的生命﹣就像有多少物種一樣。但是，大多數(shù)估計表明應該保護25%到75%的高生物多樣性地區(qū)或主要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。上下句是轉折關系，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.concerned；B.changeable；C.firm；D.cautious。本句Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe（9）whensettinggoalsandstrategies。句意：因此，在制定目標和戰(zhàn)略時，我們（包括政府）都應該關注（concerned）。故選A。【30題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.deserted；B.secured；C.measured；D.distributed。本句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea（10）forconservingandretainingnature，"句意是毫無疑問，我們需要更多的土地和海洋來保護自然，"故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.damage；B.cost；C.amount；D.standard。根據(jù)上句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea可知我們需要更多的土地和海洋來保護自然，本句是指的最少量（amount）的土地和海洋，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.completely；B.merely；C.virtually；D.desperately。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我們只是（merely）保護一部分領土，政府可能會保護容易的東西，而這通常是生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務供應不足的地區(qū)。"故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.mass；B.tropical；C.marine；D.low。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我們只是保護一部分領土，政府可能會保護容易的東西，而這通常是生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務供應不足的（low）地區(qū)。"故選D。【34題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.exploited；B.expanded；C.restored；D.discovered。本句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．句意是事實上，已經(jīng)意圖受到保護的3.6%的土地中有三分之一實際上正在被剝削（exploited），Watson的團隊上個月報告說。故選A．【35題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.developing；B.covering；C.declaring；D.utilizing根據(jù)上句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），可知事實上，已經(jīng)意圖受到保護的3.6%的土地中有三分之一實際上正在被剝削，說明因此，僅聲明要保護的區(qū)域是不夠的。故選C．【點睛】完型填空題的命題趨勢解題步驟：1．通讀全文，理解大意．重視首句信息，跳過空格，瀏覽全文，從整體上感知全文，理解文章大意，這是解題的基礎。2．瞻前顧后，避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下，結合各選項的意義和用法，遵循先易后難的原則，先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題，暫時跳過，或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示，或許一個在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。3．復讀全文，解決殘敵．借助已經(jīng)補全的空格，對全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。4．再次復讀，彌補疏漏，全部做好后，務必要結合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容，確保全文連貫。SectionBThesummerIturned16，myfathergavemehis‘69ChevyMalibuconvertible（敞篷車）．BeautifullyrepaintedwithV﹣8engine﹣itwasagiftwastedonmeatthatage．WhatdidIknowaboutclassiccars？TheimportantthingwasthatHannahandIcoulddrivearoundTucsonwiththetopdown．Hannahwasmybestfriend，ayearyoungerbutmuchtaller，almostfivefootten．"Hannah'sgoingtobesomething，"mymotheralwayssaid．Andsureenough，thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency．Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork．Amonthaftermybirthday，HannahandIwenttothemovies．Onthewayhome，westoppedattheMcDonald'sdrive﹣through，puttingthefriesontheseatbetweenustoshare．"Let'sridearoundawhile，"Isaid．Itwasaclearnight，oven﹣warm，fullmooncastlowoverthedesert．Takingacurvetoofast，Ihitapatchofdirtandslidfromsidetoside．Ithencutthroughaneighbor'slandscapewallanddroveintoafull﹣grownpalm．Thefrontwheelscametoresthalfwayupthetreetrunk．Frenchfriesonthefloor，thedash，andmylap．AnimpossibleamountofbloodonHannah'sface，piecesofskinhangingintohereyes．Theytookusinseparateambulances．Intheemergencyroom，myparentsspokequietly：Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity．Endofhermodelingcareer．We'dbeenwearinglegbelts，butthecardidn'thaveshoulderbands．I'ddamagedmycheekboneonthewheel；Hannah'sforeheadhadsplitwideopenonthedash．WhatwouldIsaytoher？Whenhermother，Sharon，cameintomyhospitalroom，Istartedtocry，preparingmyselfforheranger．Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand．"Ihitmybestfriend'scarintherearwhenIwasyourage，"shesaid．"Iwreckedhercarandmine．""I'msosorry，"Isaid．"You'rebothalive，"shesaid．"Therestiswindowdressing．"Istartedtoprotest，andSharonstoppedme．"Iforgiveyou．Hannahwilltoo．"Sharon'sforgivenessallowedHannahandmetogetbackinthecartogetherthatsummer，tostayfriendsthroughouthighschoolandcollege，tobeineachother'sweddings，andtowatchmyfourteenagersgetalongwithherthreeyoungerchildren．IthinkofhergiftofforgivenesseverytimeI'mtemptedtoblamesomeoneinasecretforsomethingrecognizedaswrong．AndwheneverIseeHannah，thescarsaresofadedthatnooneelsewouldnotice，butinthesunlightIcanstillseethefaintshimmer（微光）justbelowherhairline﹣forme，asignofgrace．36.WhichofthefollowingaboutHannahisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Shewasnotasbadlyinjuredastheauthor．B.Sheneverreallyforgavemethoughhermotherdid．C.Shelearnedthegiftofforgivenessthroughtheaccident．D.Shecouldhavebeenamodelifshehadn'texperiencedtheaccident．37.Inparagraph4，"windowdressing"isclosestinmeaningto""．A.insignificantB.colorfulC.undeterminedD.hopeful38.Accordingtothepassage，Sharoncomfortedtheauthorby．A.showingherownscarB.mentioningherownstoryC.visitingtheauthorinpersonD.teachingtheauthorapersonallesson39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthearticle？A.AGracefulFriendB.ALastingFriendshipC.ALuckyCarAccidentD.TheGiftofForgiveness【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和朋友開車出了車禍，朋友和她媽媽對作者的諒解讓作者終生受益?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency.Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork.和第五段的Intheemergencyroom,myparentsspokequietly:Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity.Endofhermodelingcareer.可知，Hannsh已經(jīng)和模特公司簽約，這次事故結束了她的模特生涯，即如果沒有這次事故，她本可以成為模特的，故選D。【37題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文漢娜的媽媽說的話“You’rebothalive”可知，此處應是表達：你們倆都活著，其它的都不重要了，結合四個選項：A.insignificant不重要的；B.colorful多彩的；C.undetermined為確定的；D.hopeful有希望的，故選A。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段的Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand.“Ihitmybestfriend’scarintherearwhenIwasyourage,”shesaid.“Iwreckedhercarandmine.”可知，Sharon是給作者講述自己曾發(fā)生的一件類似的經(jīng)歷，以此來安慰作者。故選A?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。文章開頭講述可作者和朋友開車出了事故，最后作者朋友的媽媽對作者的寬恕讓作者在今后的人生里每每要責備別人時都會想起Sharon的寬恕，這種寬恕對作者來說是一種禮物，因此本文的標題用“寬恕的禮物”非常合適，故選B?！军c睛】閱讀理解常從細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，主旨大意，詞義猜測四個方面出題。推理判斷類題信息含量大，可能是文中的某句話也可能是幾句話，要求考生在原文的基礎上對文章中的信息進行分析、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義，屬于難度較高的題型。它常常從細節(jié)推斷；文章來源或對象類推斷；寫作意圖類推斷和態(tài)度傾向類推斷四個方向進行考查。推理判斷題常用的方法有1.抓住特定的信息進行正向或逆向推理。2.整合全文信息進行推斷。3.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯進行推理得出結論。在做題中要注意那些張冠李戴、顛倒是非、無中生有、曲解文意、擴縮范圍的干擾項。本文中的第1小題屬于推理判斷題，第1小題是細節(jié)推斷題，需要文中給定的信息進行正向推斷，需要結合文中第二段和第五段兩處的細節(jié)進行推斷。Makingtheseeasytaskspartofyourmorningschedulewillimproveyournutrition，energy，andmoodtoday﹣andbeyond．6：00a．m．STRETCHINBEDTrythisevenbeforeyouopenyoureyes．Liftonearmandbeginbystretchingeachfinger，thenyourhand，thenyourwrist，andthenyourwholearm．Moveontotheotherarm．Thenstretchyourtoes，feet，ankles，andlegs．Finally，endwithaneckandbackstretchthatpropelsyououtofbed．You'vejustlimberedupyourmusclesandjointsandenhancedbloodflowthroughoutyourbody，providingashotofoxygentoallyourtissues．Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch．AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy，thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson，makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong．7：00a．m．EXERCISEABIT﹣ONANEMPTYSTOMACHWorkingoutbeforeyoueat，researcherssay，encouragesyourbodytoburnmorefatforenergyratherthanrelyingoncarbohydratesfromfood．InaJournalofPhysiologystudy，participantswhoexercisedafterbreakfaststillgainedweight（asdidacontrolgroupwhodidn'texercise），butthosewhoexercisedonanemptystomachdidnot．Moreover，researchfromtheUniversityofVermontshowsthatthemood﹣enhancingbenefitsofa20﹣minuteworkoutcanlastfor12hours，aboostyou'llwanttoenjoyalldaylong．BREAKYOURFASTTWICEBreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，sowhynothavetwo？AstudypublishedinthejournalPediatricObesitytrackedtheweightandbreakfast﹣eatingpatternsof584studentsovertwoyears．Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts（oneathomeandoneatschool）．Thesensibletakeaway：Ifyoueatmoreinthemorning，you'llbelesslikelytosnackatnight，whenit'shardertoburnoffcalories．8：00a．m．SEEKOUTGOODNEWSIna2015study，researchersaskedonegroupofparticipantstowatchjustthreeminutesofpositive，solutions﹣focusednews（suchasavideoofa70﹣year﹣oldmanwhogothisgraduationcertificateafterfailingthetestdozensoftimes）．Theseparticipantswere27percentmorelikelytoreportafewhourslaterthattheirdayhadbeen"happy"thanpeoplewhowatchednegativenewsinthemorning．StudyauthorGielanalsocitedsubstantialevidencethatnegativemoodsaffectworkplaceperformance．Voila!You'veimprovedyourstateofmind，yourhealth，andyourproductivity﹣allbeforetheweekdayhasevenbegun．Nowyou'rereadytoconqueryourto﹣dolistfortodayandeveryday．40.Thearticleiswrittento．A.giveprofessionalguidanceonkeepingfitB.revealsomeresearchresultsabouthealthC.putforwardseveralsuggestionsformorningroutinesD.offersometipsonhowtoimproveworkplaceperformance41.Itissuggestedthatyoushouldoccupytheentirebedwhenyoustretchbecauseitespecially．A.increasesyourconfidenceB.helpsyououtofbedeasilyC.stimulatesyourbloodcirculationD.hasaneffectonyouroverallhealth42.Whoisleastlikelytogainweightaccordingtothearticle？A.Thosewhoskipbreakfastsfrequently．B.Thosewhodomorningstretchinginbed．C.Thosewhohavedoublebreakfastsinthemorning．D.Thosewhohavetheirbreakfastbeforemorningexercise．【答案】40.C41.A42.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。為了增加營養(yǎng)、提高精力和改善心情，作者對如何安排早晨日程提出了一些建議。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。由“6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED.7:00a.m.EXERCISEABIT--ONANEMPTYSTOMACH.8:00a.m.SEEKOUTGOODNEWS”可知，作者對早晨日常安排提出了幾點建議。故C選項正確。【41題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED中的“Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch.AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy,thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson,makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong”可知，伸展時你應該占據(jù)整個床，這樣會增加你的自信。故A選項正確?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由BREAKYOURFASTTWICE中的“Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts(oneathomeandoneatschool).”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些吃了兩份早餐（一份在家里，一份在學校）的人相比，經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人超重或肥胖的幾率更大。所以，那些吃了兩份早餐的人最不容易增肥。故C選項正確。Whatisthesinglemosteffectivewaytoreducegreenhouse﹣gasemissions？Govegetarian？ReplanttheAmazon？Cycletowork？Noneoftheabove．Theansweris：makeair﹣conditionersradicallybetter．Ononecalculation，replacingrefrigerants（制冷劑）thatdamagetheatmospherewouldreducetotalgreenhousegasesbytheequivalentof90bntonsofCO2by2050．Makingtheunitsmoreenergy﹣efficientcoulddoublethat．Air﹣conditioningisoneoftheworld'sgreatoverlookedindustries．Automobilesandair﹣conditionerswereinventedatroughlythesametime，andbothhavehadahugeimpactonwherepeopleliveandwork．Unlikecars，though，air﹣conditionershavedrawnlittlecriticismfortheirsocialimpact，emissionsorenergyefficiency．Mosthotcountriesdonothaverulestogoverntheirenergyuse．Yetair﹣conditioninghasdonequitealotofthingstobenefithumankind．IthastransformedproductivityinthetropicsandhelpedturnsouthernChinaintotheworkshopoftheworld．InEurope，itsspreadhaspusheddownheat﹣relateddeathstentimeslessthanwhatitwasin2003，whenaround70，000people，mostofthemelderly，diedinaheatwave．Forchildren，air﹣conditionedclassroomsanddormitoriesareassociatedwithbettergradesatschool．Environmentalistswhocallair﹣conditioning"aluxurywecannotafford"havehalfapoint，however．Inthenexttenyears，asmanyair﹣conditionerswillbeinstalledaroundtheworldaswereputinbetween1902（whenair﹣conditioningwasinvented）and2005．Untilenergycanbeproducedwithoutcarbonemissions，theseextramachineswillwarmtheworld．Atthemoment，therefore，air﹣conditionerscreateaviciouscycle．ThemoretheEarthwarms，themorepeopleneedthem．Butthemorethereare，thewarmertheworldwillbe．Cuttingtheimpactofcoolingrequiresthreethings（beyondturningupthethermostat（溫度調(diào)節(jié)器）tomakeroomslessArctic）．First，air﹣conditionersmustbecomemuchmoreefficient．Themostenergy﹣efficientmodelsonthemarkettodayconsumeonlyaboutone﹣thirdasmuchelectricityasaverageones．Minimumenergy﹣performancestandardsneedtoberaised，orintroducedincountriesthatlackthemaltogether，topushtheaverageunit'sperformanceclosertothestandardofthebest．Next，manufacturesshouldstopusingdamagingrefrigerants．Onecategoryofthese，hydrofluorocarbons，isover1，000timesworsethancarbondioxidewhenitcomestotrappingheatintheatmosphere．Aninternationaldealtophaseoutthesepollutants，calledtheKigaliamendment，willcomeintoforcein2019．Foot﹣draggersshouldapproveandimplementit；Americaisonecountrythathasnotdoneso．Last，morecouldbedonetodesignoffices，mallsandevencitiessotheydonotneedasmanyair﹣conditionersinthefirstplace．Morebuildingsshouldbebuiltwithoverhangingroofsorbalconiesforshade，orwithnaturalair﹣circulation．Simplypaintingroofswhitecanhelpkeeptemperaturesdown．Bettermachinesarenecessary．Butcoolingasanoverallsystemneedstobeimprovedifair﹣conditionersistofulfillitspromisetomakepeoplehealthier，wealthierandwiser，withouttoohighanenvironmentalcost．Providingindoorsheltersofair﹣conditionedcomfortneednotcomeattheexpenseofanoverheatingworld．43.Whydoestheauthorthinkair﹣conditi