![河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷(含答案無聽力音頻及原文)_第1頁](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M09/0A/01/wKhkGWdYB6GAKqxHAAIt8_yKBwQ085.jpg)
![河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷(含答案無聽力音頻及原文)_第2頁](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M09/0A/01/wKhkGWdYB6GAKqxHAAIt8_yKBwQ0852.jpg)
![河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷(含答案無聽力音頻及原文)_第3頁](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M09/0A/01/wKhkGWdYB6GAKqxHAAIt8_yKBwQ0853.jpg)
![河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷(含答案無聽力音頻及原文)_第4頁](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M09/0A/01/wKhkGWdYB6GAKqxHAAIt8_yKBwQ0854.jpg)
![河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷(含答案無聽力音頻及原文)_第5頁](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M09/0A/01/wKhkGWdYB6GAKqxHAAIt8_yKBwQ0855.jpg)
版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
河北省石家莊市高新區(qū)外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語12月月考試卷第一部分聽力(共四節(jié)滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽句子,選擇最佳答語。1.A.Itissmall. B.Theblackone. C.Itistenyuan.2.A.Enjoyyourself. B.Bytrain. C.Thissummervacation.3.A.Soundsgood. B.You'rewelcome. C.Thankyou.4.A.Noway! B.Sheismyclassmate. C.Withpleasure.5.A.CometoourEnglishparty,Mr.Li,OK? B.HowdoyoulikeourEnglishparty,Mr.Li?C.WouldyouliketocometoourEnglishparty,Mr.Li?第二節(jié)聽對(duì)話和問題,選擇正確答案6.WhatdidEmilylose? A. B. C.7.Wherearethespeakers? A. B. C.8.Whatfestivalaretheytalkingabout? A.TheMid-AutumnFestival B.TheSpringFestival. C.TheDragonBoatFestival.9.WhatisthetraditioninMary'sfamily? A.Visitinggrandparents. B.Cookingagreatmeal. C.Makingmooncakesbythemselves-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10.WhatdoesJudyworryabout? A.TheChinesetest. B.Thegeographytest. C.TheEnglishtest.11.HowcanJudyimprovethewritingskills? A.Byreadingmore. B.Bytakingmorewritingclasses. C.Bydoingmoreexercises.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSunday? A.Stayathome. B.Gotoapark. C.Watchapaintingshow.13.WhoisJenny? A.Jane'ssister. B.Jane'sfriend. C.Jane'steacher.14.Howwilltheboygetonemoreticket? A.Bybuyingoneonline. B.Bymakingaphonecall. C.Bygoingtotheticketoffice.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy? A.Ahat. B.Ajacket. C.Asweater.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofitwhentryingiton? A.Smooth. B.Comfortable. C.Warm.17.Whatcolordoesthewomanprefer? A.Red. B.Blue. C.Brown.
18.Howmuchisthesweateronsale? A.80yuan. B.100yuan. C.120yuan.第三節(jié)聽短文和問題,選擇正確答案19.WhatdoesAliceinviteLisatodo? A.Jointheartclub. B.Jointhesportsclub C.JointheDIYclub.20.Whenwilltheclassbegin? A.At4:00p.m.onFriday. B.At5:00p.m.onFriday. C.At5:00p.m.onSaturday.21.Wherewilltheyflythekite? A.Inthepark. B.Intheplayground. C.Inthecitysquare.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.HowlonghasMiatakenphotos? A.Foroneyear. B.Fortwoyears. C.Forthreeyears.23.WhatkindofphotosdoesMialiketakingmost? A.Photosofnature. B.Photosofpeople. C.Photosofanimals.24.WhyisthecameraspecialtoMia? A.Becauseitwasagiftfromhergrandfather. B.Becauseitwasaprizeforwinningacompetition. C.Becausesheboughtitwithherownpocketmoney.25.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout? A.Hercamera. B.Heradvantages. C.Herhobby.第四節(jié)聽短文填空InformationSheetTheWeatherReportforThisSaturdayDuringthedaytime◆26.____________andsunny◆27.reach____________degrees◆takepartinoutdooractivitiesDuringtheSaturday◆28.____________heavyrainandstrongwinds◆29.____________stayingoutsideforalongtime◆30.takea(n).____________whenyougoout第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)滿分25分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10題;每題1分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 SylvesterStalloneisafamousactorwhostarredinmovieslikeRockyandFirstBlood.Butbeforehebecamesuccessful,hewentthrougha____31____time. Stallonewasoncesopoorthathehadto____32____hiswife'sringsjusttomakealiving.Hedidn'thaveenoughmoneytoaffordfoodand____33____becamehomeless.Once,hesleptinabusstation. Thingsgotso____34____thathehadtosellhisbeloveddogforonly$25.Thiswasadifficult____35____forhim,buthediditbecauseheneededthemoney. ButStallone___36_____togiveuphisdreams.Hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandwroteascript(劇本)foramovierole.Butherequiredtoplaya____37____inthemovie.Themoviewasaboutboxing(拳擊),hisfavoritesport,whichhenamedRocky. Whenheshowedthescripttostudios(電影公司),theylikeditbutdidn'twantStallonetostarinthe___38_____.Theyofferedhim$125,000forthescript,butheturneditdownbecausehebelievedinhimself.Finally,FatherMuch,astudioagreedtoletStallonestarinthemovie,anditturnedouttobevery____39____! Stallone'sstoryisoneofperseverance(毅力)anddetermination.Healways____40____hisdreams,nomatterhowdifficultthingsgot.Hebelievedinhimselfandthat'swhatmadehimsuccessful.31.A.happy B.great C.hard D.wonderful32.A.sell B.buy C.find D.create33.A.hardly B.wisely C.quietly D.nearly34.A.valuable B.enjoyable C.awful D.good35.A.theme B.decision C.promise D.reason36.A.refused B.expected C.remembered D.had37.A.list B.role C.club D.chance38.A.newspaper B.music C.book D.movie39.A.helpful B.successful C.terrible D.beautiful40.A.stuckto B.gaveup C.shutoff D.passedby第二節(jié)短文填空(共15題;每題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。 Whatkindoflifedowewanttohave?Howshouldweface41.________(problem)?MaybewecanfindtheanswersfromthemovieTheBoyandtheHeron(《蒼鷺與少年》).Itcameoutonthe42.________(three)dayofApril. ThemovieisaboutaboynamedMakotowho43.________(want)toknowwhatlifeisreallylike.Makotomovesto44.________newplacewithhisdadafterhismomdies.There,hemeetsatalkingheron.Theherontakeshimtoa45.________(wonder)placewherehehasmanyadventures.Makotomeetsmanydifficulties,46.________hedoesn'tgiveup.Hetrieshisbest47.________(deal)withthem.This48.________(help)himunderstandwhatcourage(勇敢)anddutyare.Italsohelpshimlearn49.________himself.50.________(final),hefindswhathislifeislikeandwhathereallywants. Thestoryofthemovie51.________(write)byHavaoMiyazakiseveralyearsago.Hemadethemovieforhisgrandsontotellhimsomething.Althoughtherealworldcanbedifficult,it'sfullofhonestyand52.________(kind). Allinall,thismovie53.________(be)greatforeveryone.Itmakesusthinkanditalsomakesusask54.________(our)howwecanvaluethepeopleandthingsaroundus.Italsobringsusjoyandhelpsusunderstandlife55.________(good).第三部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)滿分40分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共15題;每題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A Chinaisanationofetiquette(禮儀).Chinesepeopleareamongthemosthospitable(好客的)peopleintheworld.IfforeignersvisitaChinesefamily,theywouldbesurprisedatthewarmththattheywouldreceiveasguests. WhenyouvisitaChinesefamily,thehostusuallymakesteaforyou.Thenhewillserveyousnackslikebiscuitsorcandy.Someoneinthefamilywillalsochatwithyou,neverlettingyoufeellonely. Atthesametime,otherfamilymemberswillprepareamealforyou.Chinesepeopletreattheirguestswithabigmeal.Theyalwayspresentmorefoodthantheguestcaneat.Onthetable,theguestsmustbethefirsttoeat.PerhapsoneofthethingsthatsurprisesawesternguestmostisthattheChinesehostlikestopickfoodforvisitors,whichwon'thappenatwesterntables.TheChinesefamilygooutoftheirwaytomakeyoufeelathome.Asyouaredoneeating,thehostusuallysays“Itseemsthatyoudidn’teatmuch.Pleasehavemore.”Althoughyoutellthemyouarefull,theystillputmorefoodinyourbowl. BeingwarmandhospitablehaslongbeenanimportantpartofChinese-cultureandtradition.AsConfucius(孔子)saidthousandsofyearsago: Howhappyweare.Tomeetfriendsfromafar!56.AsaguestinaChinesefamily,youdon'tfeel________.A.lonely B.happy C.relaxed D.nervous57.WhydoesaWesternguestfeelsurprisedwhentheChinesehostpicksfoodforhim? A.Becausehedoesn'tlikethefood. B.Becausehethinksit’snotnecessary. C.Becausehethinksheisindependent. D.Becauseitwon’thappeninwesterncountries.58.What'sthemeaningofthewordsbyConfuciusattheendofthetext?A.學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之,不亦說乎? B.有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來,不亦樂乎?C.人不知而不慍,不亦君子乎? D.己所不欲,勿施于人。B OnacoldJanuarymorning,amansatatasubwaystationandstartedtoplaytheviolin.Heplayedforabout45minutes. Threeminuteswentby,andamiddle-agedmanstoppedforafewseconds,andthenhurrieduptotakecareofhisownthings. Aminutelater,theviolinistreceivedhisfirsttip:awomanthrewsomemoneywithoutstopping,andwalkedaway. Onlya3-year-oldboytookthemusicseriously,goingover,sittingdownandsoonlosinghimselfinthewonderfulperformance.Hismotherwishedtohurryalong,butthekidkeptlookingattheviolinist. Whenhefinishedplaying,noonenoticedit.Nooneapplauded(鼓掌). Nooneknewthis,buttheviolinistwasJoshuaBell,oneofthemosttalentedmusiciansintheworld.Hehadjustplayedoneofthemostbeautifulpieceseverwritten,onaviolinworth3.5milliondollars.JoshuaBellplayedthesamemusicwiththesameviolinandtheseatseachcost100dollarsatatheatretwodaysbefore. JoshuaBell'splayinginthesubwaystationwasasocialexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)).Itasksquestions;inacommonenvironmentatawronghour,doweenjoybeauty?Dowestoptomakearesponse(反應(yīng))?Ifwedonothaveamomenttostopandlistentooneofthebestmusiciansintheworldplayingthebestmusic,howmanyotherthingsareweignoring(忽視)?59.What'stheman'spurposeofplayingtheviolinatthesubwaystation? A.Tomakesomemoney. B.Toseepeople'sresponse. C.Topracticehisskills. D.Toteachamusiclesson.60.Whatdoesthewritersuggestinthelastparagraph? A.Don'tbealwaysinahurry. B.Stoptoenjoystreetperformance. C.Enjoybeautifulmusicatatheatre. D.Don'tmissthewonderfulmomentinlife.61.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A.Asubwaystory. B.Amusicsurvey. C.Asocialexperiment. D.Atalentedmusician.C Howcanyourememberasongforalongtime?WhydoesyourteacherusesongstoteachyouEnglish?Thereisascientificreasonforthis. Researchers(研究者)arestudyingtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.“Singingcouldbeanewwayoflearning,especiallyforaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingsinacatchy(悅耳易記的)andrelaxingway.Forexample,childrencanrememberdifficultwordsquicklywhentheyareinasong,”saidDr.KarenLudke.Ifchildrenfinditdifficulttolearnforeignlanguages,thisnewwaymayhelp.Onhisblog(博客),Dr.Ludkewrote,“Alisten-and-repeatsingingwaycanhelptolearnforeignlanguagesandopenthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.” Manylanguageteachersknowtheimportanceofmusicandtheyoftenuseitinteachingandlearning.HuaZhuying,ateacherataChineselanguageschoolinWashingtonD.C.,likesusingsongsinteachingChinese.Shesaid,“IusemusicallthetimetoteachchildrenChinese.Forlittlekids,weusuallyuseEnglishsongsbutteachthemtheChineselyrics.Notonlydoesitwork,butitisfunforchildren.SometimesIthinkifIlearnedEnglishthatwaywhenIwasyoung,maybeIcouldspeakEnglishmuchbetter.” Ourbrainlikesmusicinlearninglanguages,especiallyforremembering.Ifyouarestillhavingproblemsinlearningalanguage,whynottrysingingitout?62.Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage? A.Byaskingquestions. B.Bytellingastory. C.Bylistingnumbers. D.Byshowingafact.63.Whycansinginghelppeoplelearnforeignlanguages? A.Becausepeoplecanlearnlanguagesfromthelyrics. B.Becauseit'seasierforbraintorememberthingsinthisway. C.Becausesingingsongsisverypopularallaroundtheworld. D.Becausesingingmakespeoplehappy.64.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto(指的是)? A.Littlekids. B.Englishsongs. C.Languages. D.Chineselyrics.65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE? A.Manylanguageteachersoftenusemusicinteachingandlearning. B.Ourbraincaneasilyrememberthingsinaslowanddifficultway. C.Playingcomputergamesisanewwaytolearnaforeignlanguage. D.HuaZhuyingisastudentataChineselanguageschoolinWashingtonD.C.D Aboutone-thirdofaperson'slifeisspentinsleep.Studieshaveshownthatagoodnight'sresthelpsusstayhealthy.Researcherssaysleepisprobablythebesttoolwehaveformemoryandlearning. “Gettingagoodnight'ssleepisimportantforthelearningandmemory.It'simportantbecauseitstoresthetrainingandlearningexercisesintoourmemoryforeverwhilewe'resleeping7-8hoursinbed.Andthenthenextmorningwhenwewakeup,ourmindisbetterpreparedtoactonthatinformation,”Twery,anexpertonthescienceofsleepsaid. Butwhataboutgettingrestduringthemiddleoftheday?Paststudieshaveshownthatnapping(打盹)canhelpbabiesandyoungchildrenlearnbetter.Infact,nappingcanhelpolderadultswiththeirbraintorememberthingsbetter. Theresearchersstudied3,000peopleandfoundthatthosewhotookanhour-longnapdidmuchbetteronmental(智力的)tests.Thehour-longnappersalsodidbetterontheteststhanthosewhonappedforshorterandlongerperiods.Butresearchersnotethatthesefindingsareforthoseover65,butfortheyoungandhealthyadults,anhour-longnapmaybetoolong. “Atpresent,we'resuggestingthatwetrytonapforabout30minutesorless.Thirtyminutesisenoughtoremove(消除)thepressureandwillhelpusfeelmoreawake.Ifwenaplonger,wewillgettrappedintothedeepsleep,whichcanbehardtogetoutof,”Twerysaid.Thisfeelingiscalledsleepinertia(遲鈍)—theperiodwhenyouareawakefromaverydeepsleep.Foratime,youareunabletothinkclearly.66.It'simportantforthelearningandmemorytoget________. A.goodhealth. B.goodfood C.goodsleep D.goodtool67.Whoaresupposedtohaveanhour-longnap? A.Youngpeople. B.Oldpeople. C.Healthyadults. D.Students.
68.Theunderlinedword“gettrappedinto”means“________”. A.getup B.stayup C.getoutof D.fallinto69.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A.NATURE.B.SPORTS.C.HEALTH.D.CULTURE.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage? A.AGoodNight'sSleepHelpsusStayHealthy B.GoodSleepImprovesLearningandMemory C.StudentsshouldHaveaGoodNight'sSleep D.TheOldManShouldHaveaGoodNap第二節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共5題;每題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,簡略回答問題。 Teamworkisimportantforthesuccessofanycompanyororganization.Wemayeasilyforgetthattheteamismadeupofindividuals(個(gè)體).Everyoneintheteamplaysanimportantrole.Tobehonest,noteamcanwinifeveryonedoesn'tputhisorhereffortintotheteam. Noteveryoneisthesameinanyteam.Somemembersaremorecarefultowatchoutforsmallthings.Othersmaybegoodatcomingupwithnewideas,whichcanmaketheteamdevelopfaster.It'sclearthateveryonehashisorhervalues. Sportsteamsareperfectexamples.Manyplayersworkingtogethercanachievemuchmorethanoneplayeralone.Forexample,youmaynotbethebestgoalscorer,butyou'regreatatmovingtheballforward.Youknowthatifyoupassthatballtothepersonwhocanscore,theteamwillhaveabetterchanceofwinning.Everyoneintheteamplaysadifferentroleaccordingtohisorherstrongpoints. Therefore,ifyouwanttobeagoodteammate,makesureyoucanunderstandthegroup'sgoals.Askkeyquestionslike“Whyarewehere?Whatrolesandresponsibilitieswilleachofushave...”Whenyoucommunicatewithyourteammembers,it'simportanttostayunderstanding.71.Howcanateamwin? _______________________________________________________________________________________72.Whatwillhappenifsomeoneintheteamoftencomesupwithnewideas? _______________________________________________________________________________________73.Howdoeseachpersonplayadifferentroleintheteam? _______________________________________________________________________________________74.Whatisimportantwhencommunicatingwithteammembers? _______________________________________________________________________________________75.Doyouliketoworkinateam?Whyorwhynot? _______________________________________________________________________________________第四部分情景交際(滿分10分)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(共5題;每題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)下面的對(duì)話情景,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?,使?duì)話的意思連貫、完整。A:Youlookworried.What'sthematter?B.ImetJackjustnow.76.______________________________A:ItsoundsgreattogotoJack'sbirthdayparty.Whatareyouworryingabout?B:Idon'tknowmanyofthecustomsandmannersinAmerica.77.______________________________A:Ofcourse.B:78.______________________________A.Certainly.It'spolitetoarriveontime.B:Oh,Isee.79.______________________________A:Youcanbuysomeflowersorasmallgift.Someflowersorasmallgiftisenoughtoexpressyourself.Don'tbuy anythingtoopersonal.B:OK,Isee.80.______________________________A:You'rewelcome.第五部分寫作(滿分15分)書面表達(dá) 同學(xué)們對(duì)“與他人合作”的問題持不同觀點(diǎn),請(qǐng)你根據(jù)圖片提示寫一篇短文,并說明自己的觀點(diǎn)。提示:1.Describethepicturebelowbriefly.2.What'syouropinionsaboutworkingwithothers?Andwhy?要求:1.短文的內(nèi)容必須包括以上提示,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。2.文中不
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 岸坡拋石工程施工方案
- 環(huán)保技術(shù)引領(lǐng)未來環(huán)境科學(xué)與城市發(fā)展
- 中小學(xué)生欺凌專項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)方案
- 現(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)在教育領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用
- 2024年四年級(jí)英語上冊 Module 5 Unit 2 Can Sam play football說課稿 外研版(三起)001
- 2024八年級(jí)英語下冊 Unit 2 Plant a PlantLesson 7 Planting Trees說課稿(新版)冀教版
- 2024新教材高中政治 第二單元 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)進(jìn)步 第四課 我國的個(gè)人收入分配與社會(huì)保障 4.1《我國的個(gè)人收入分配》說課稿 部編版必修2
- Module4 Unit1 Mum bought a new T-shirt for me(說課稿)-2024-2025學(xué)年外研版(三起)英語五年級(jí)上冊
- 《6 蛋殼與薄殼結(jié)構(gòu)》(說課稿)-2023-2024學(xué)年五年級(jí)下冊科學(xué)蘇教版
- 2025北京市勞務(wù)分包合同范本問題范本
- 《住院患者身體約束的護(hù)理》團(tuán)體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀課件
- 中國心力衰竭診斷與治療指南解讀
- API520-安全閥計(jì)算PART1(中文版)
- 醫(yī)院信息科考核內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則
- 商務(wù)提成辦法
- 《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》完整袁衛(wèi)-賈俊平課件
- FZ/T 25001-1992工業(yè)用毛氈
- 電商部售后客服績效考核表
- 小提琴協(xié)奏曲《梁祝》譜
- 人教版高中化學(xué)必修一第一章《物質(zhì)及其變化》教學(xué)課件
- 復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)工作方案范本【復(fù)產(chǎn)復(fù)工安全工作方案】
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論