糖尿病全英文文獻

演講人：日期：糖尿病全英文文獻IntroductiontoDiabetesMellitusManagementofDiabetesMellitusComplicationsofDiabetesMellitusRecentAdvancementsinDiabetesResearchGlobalPerspectivesonDiabetesCare目錄01IntroductiontoDiabetesMellitus0102DefinitionDiabetesMellitusisagroupofmetabolicdiseasescharacterizedbyhighbloodsugarlevelsoveraprolongedperiodClassificationDiabetesisgenerallyclassifiedintotype1diabetes,type2diabetes,andGestationaldiabetesType1DiabetesResultsfromthepancreas'failuretoproduceenoughinsulinType2DiabetesOccurswhenthebodybenefitsexisttoinsulinorwhenthepancreasareunabletoproduceenoughinsulinGestationalDiabetesDevelopmentsduringpregnancyandcommonlyresolveaftergivingbirth030405DefinitionandClassificationEpiologyDiabetesisawidespreadconditionaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideRiskFactorsObesity,sedentarylifestyle,familyhistoryofdiamonds,culturalbackgrounds,andagingaresomeoftheriskfactorsfordevelopingdiamondsEpidemiologyandRiskFactorsIntype2diabetes,thebody'scellsbecomeresistanttotheeffectsofinsulin,leadingtoelevatedbloodsugarlevelsInsulinResistanceThepancreas'betacells,responsibleforproducinginsulin,maybedamagedordysfunctionalinbothtype1andtype2diabetesBetaCellDysfunctionIntype1diabetes,thebody'simmunesystemmistakenlyattacksanddestroysthebetacellsinthepancreasAutoimmuneConstructionPathophysiologyofDiabetesClinicalManifestationsCommonsymptomsofdiabetesincludeincreasedthird,frequenturination,fatigue,blurredvision,andweightlossdespiteincreasedappearanceDiagnosisDiabetesisdiagnosedthroughbloodteststhatmeasurebloodsugarlevelsThesetestsincludethefastplasmaglucosetest,theoralglucosetolerancetest,andtherandomplasmaglucosetestAdditionally,hemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)isabloodtestthatprovidesinformationaboutaperson'saveragebloodsugarlevelsoverthepastthreemonthsClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosis02ManagementofDiabetesMellitusDietaryChangesAdoptingahealthydietlowinsugarandrefinedcarbohydrates,withanemphasisonwholegrains,fruits,vegetables,leanprotein,andhealthyfatsRegularExerciseEngaginginphysicalactivityforatleast30minutesmostdaysoftheweek,whichcanhelpcontrolbloodsugarlevelsandimproveinsulinsensitivityWeightManagementAchievingandmaintainingahealthyweightthroughacombinationofdieandexercisecansignificantlyimprovediabetescontrolSmokingCessationQuittingsmokingisessentialforreducingtheriskofdiabetesrelatedcomplicationsLifestyleModificationsOralMedications01Takingsubscribedoralmedicinesuchasformalin,sulfonylureas,orthiazolidinedionestohelplowerbloodsugarlevelsInjectableMedications02UsinginjectabletreatmentslikeGLP-1inhibitorsoramineanalysestoaidindiabetesmanagementCombinationTherapy03SometimesacombinationoforalandinjectablemediamaybenecessarytoachieveoptimalbloodsugarcontrolPharmaceuticalTherapyTypesofInsulinUtilizingvarioustypesofinsulin,includingrapidacting,shortacting,intermediateacting,andlongactinginsulin,tomixthebody'snaturalinsulinproductionInsulinDeliveryMethodsAdministeringinsulinviasyringe,insulinpen,orinsulinpumpdependencyonindividualneedsandpreferencesInsulinDosageAdjustmentsAdjustinginsulindosagesbasedonbloodsugarmonitoringresults,die,exercise,andotherfactorstomaintaintightglycomiccontrolInsulinTherapy01RegularlycheckingbloodsugarlevelsusingaglucosetoinformationtreatmentdecisionsandensurethatdiamondsarewellmanagedBloodGlucoseMonitoring02PeriodichemoglobinA1ctestingtoassesslongtermbloodsugarcontrolandidentifyareasrequiringimprovementindiabetescareHemoglobinA1cTesting03RegularfootexamsandproperfootcaretopreventdiabeticfootulcersandothercomplicationsFootCareandExamination04Regularvisitswithahealthcareprovidertomonitorprogress,adjusttreatmentplansasneeded,andaddressanyconcernsorquestionsaboutdiabetesmanagementOngoingMedicalCareMonitoringandFollowupCare03ComplicationsofDiabetesMellitus

MicrovacuumCompoundsDiabeticRetinopathyDamagetothebloodvesselsintheretinacanleadtovisionlossandblindnessDiabeticNephropathyKidneydamagecausedbydiabetescanresultinkidneyfailureandtheneedfordiagnosisortransmissionDiabeticKetoacidosisAlifethreadingconditionthatcanoccurwhenthebodycannotusesugarasafuelsourceduetoalakeofinsulin03CerebrovascularDiseaseDiabetesincreasestheriskofstrokebydamagingthebloodvesselsinthebrain01CoronaryArtDiseaseDiabetesincreasestheriskofdevelopingCoronaryArtDisease,whichcanleadtoheartattackandstroke02PermanentArtDiseaseNarrowingoftheartsinthelegscancausepain,cramming,andfatigueduringwalkingMacrovascularComplicationsNeuropathyandFootUlcersOpensoresonthefeedthatcanbecomeaffectedandleadtoamplificationifnotproperlytreatedFootUlcersDamagetothenervesinthehandsandfeetcancausenumbness,tingling,andpainPeripheralNeuropathyAffectingthenervesthatcontrolinternalorgans,thistypeofneuropathycancauseproblemswithdigestion,urination,andsequentialfunctionsAutonomousNeuropathyOtherComplicationsGumDiseaseDiabetesincreasestheriskofdevelopingGumDisease,whichcanleadtotoothlossandotheroralhealthproblemsSkinConditionsDiabeticdementia,askinconditioncharacterizedbybrownscalepatches,canoccurinpeoplewithdiamondsSlowedWoundHealingPeoplewithdiamondsofexperiencedelayedWoundHealingduetopoorcirculationandnervedamageIncreasedRiskofEffectsDiabetescanweakentheimmunesystem,makingitmoredifficultforthebodytofitoffinfections04RecentAdvancementsinDiabetesResearchSGLT2InhibitorsAnewclassofbugsthatworkbyblockingthereabsorptionofglucoseinthekidneys,thereincreasingglucoseexcessandloweringbloodsugarlevelsGLP-1AgonistsThesedrugsmixtheactionofglucoselikepeptide-1(GLP-1),ahormonethatstimulatesinsulinsecretionandsuppressesglucosesecretion,leadingtoreducedbloodsugarlevelsDualandTripleTherapyApproachesCombiningmultipledrinkswithcompletemechanismsofactiontoimproveglycomiccontrolandreducetheriskofsideeffectsNewDrugsandTherapeuticStrategies010203ContinuousGlucoseMonitoring(CGM)Wearabledevicesthatprovidereal-timeglucosereadings,helpingpatientsandhealthcareprovidersmakeinformedtreatmentdecisionsInsulinPumpsProgrammabledevicesthatdeliverinsulincontinuouslyorinBolusdos,offeringmoreflexibilityandprecisioninsulindeliverycomparedtoinjectionsDiabetesManagementAppsSmartphoneapplicationsthatassistwithtrackingbloodsugarlevels,insulindoses,die,andexercise,aswellaspromotingeducationalresourcesandremindersTechnologyAssistedManagementToolsGenomeEditingTechniquessuchasCRISPR-Cas9arebeingexploredfortheirpotentialtocorrectgeneticmutationsthatcausediabetesCellBasedTherapyResearchisongingtodevelopcelltherapiesusingstemcellsorpancreaticISletcellstoreplacedamagedbetacellsandrestoreinsulinproductionImmunotherapyApprovesthatseektomodulatetheimmunesystem'sresponsetobetacells,potentiallypreventingorreversingautoimmunedestructionofthesecellsGeneticandCellularTherapyLifestyleModificationsEvidencesuggestionsthatmaintainahealthyweight,engaginginregularphysicalactivity,andfollowingabalanceddiecansignificantlyreducetheriskofdevelopingdiabetesEarlyInterventionIdentifyingandtreatingindividualsathighriskofdevelopingdiabetes,suchasthosewithprediabetes,candelayorpreventtheonsetofthediseasePreventionandCureProspectsOngoingClinicalTrialsNumerousclinicaltrialsarecurrentlyunderwaytotestnewdrugs,therapies,andinterventionsforthepreventionandtreatmentofdiabetesPotentialforaCureWhileacurefordiamondsremainsalive,recentadvancementsinresearchofferhopethatacuremaybepossibleinthefuturePreventionandCureProspects05GlobalPerspectivesonDiabetesCarePrevalenceandIncidentDiabetesisawidespreadconditionaffectingmillionsofpeopleglobally,withvaryingvalidityandincidenceratesacrossdifferentregionsandpopulationsDiabetesisaleadingcauseofmoralityandmoralityworldwide,contributingtoasignificantnumberofdeathsandcasesofseriesillnesseveryyearTheglobaleconomicburdenofdiamondsissubstantial,withsignificantcostsassociatedwithtreatment,care,andlossofproductivityMortalityandMorbidityEconomicImpactBurdenofDiabetesWorldwideWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)GuidelinesTheWHOprovidesgloballeadershipindevelopingevidencebasedguidelinesfortheprevention,diagnosis,andmanagementofdiabetesNationalPoliciesandStrategies