被動語態(tài)的翻譯

被動語態(tài)的翻譯被動語態(tài)廣泛地出現(xiàn)在科技英語中，主要取決于如下情況。1)不必或無法說出主動者。Thebook

has

already

beentranslated

intomanylanguages.該書已譯成好幾種語言。Foralongtimealuminium

hasbeenthought

asaneffectivematerialforpreventingmetalcorrosion.長期以來，鋁被當作一種有效地防止金屬腐蝕的材料。

2)強調(diào)行為對象，而非行為者，將行為對象作為句子的主語。Theworkmust

befinished

atonce.該項工作必須馬上完成。Threemachinescan

becontrolled

byasingleoperation.三臺機器能由一個操作者操縱。

3)為了更好地連接上下文。

Theyaregoingtobuildalibraryherenextyear.Itisgoingto

bebuilt

besidetheclassroom

building.

他們準備明年在這兒建一座圖書館，就建在教學樓旁邊。一、譯為主動句Therobotsifterhasbeenputintouse.自動篩機已投入使用。Theseedsaresownononesideofpanels,andtherootsaresprayedwithfertilizersolution.種子播撒在鑲板的一個面上，根用肥料溶液進行噴灑。Defectsinweldscanbedefected

bynondestructivetestingmethods.無損檢驗法可探查焊縫內(nèi)的缺陷。二、譯為被動句“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“得到”、“叫”、“稱”、“讓”、“給”、“加以”、“為……所”Thisinformationwillbeencodedinaradiosignalandbeamedtotheunitsburiedintheroad.這一信息被譯成無線電信號，發(fā)射給埋在道路下的電子裝置。Theleakageofsteamshouldbepaidattentionto.蒸汽泄露的問題應予以重視。三、譯為無主句動詞前加“把”、“使”、“將”、“對”等詞。

If

a10-kilogramboxisliftedonemetertheworkdoneis10kilogram-meter.

如果把已知10千克的箱子升高1米，則所做的功為10克/千米。Whenlargemotorsarerequiredorwhenpowersupplyislimited,thewound-rotormotorisused.當需要大功率電動機或電源受限制時，則使用線繞式轉(zhuǎn)子電動機。四、譯成判斷句

Currentlymostsolarcellsaremadefromcrystalsofhigh-puritysilicon.目前，絕大多數(shù)太陽能電池是用高純度的硅晶體制成的。Itisfoundthat…據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道Itisillustratedthat…據(jù)圖示（據(jù)說明）Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認Itismustbepointedthat…必須指出Itiswillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可見Itwasestimatedthat…據(jù)估計

Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisbelievedthat…人們相信Itistakenthat…人們認為Itisnotedthat…人們注意到，有人指出Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…人們普遍認為

Asoil

is

found

deepintheground,itspresence

cannotbedetermined

byastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrocksstructure

mustbecarriedout.Ifit

is

thought

thattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a

“drillingrig”

is

assembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrig

is

called

“aderrick”.Itis

used

toliftsectionsofpipe,which

arelowered

intothehole

made

bythedrill.Asthehole

isbeingdrilled,asteelpipe

is

pusheddown

topreventthesidesformfallingin.Ifoil

is

struck

acover

is

firmly

fixed

tothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.

石油埋藏于地層深處。因此，僅靠研究地層表面，無法確定有無石油，必須勘探地下的巖層結(jié)構(gòu)。如果確定某一區(qū)域的巖石層藏有石油，就在該處安裝鉆機。它的主要部件是機架，用以撐架一節(jié)一節(jié)的鋼管，讓其下到孔井。一邊鉆井，一邊下鋼管，以防孔壁坍塌。一旦出油，就緊固管蓋，讓油從各個閥門噴出。Alongmetalbarisfixedinaresortstandbyoneend.Theotherendisheatedinaflameuntilitbecomesred.Thebarandthestand